Therapists in Pleasant Hill, CA

Photo of Nicolle Napier-Ionascu - Neuropsychology (Pleasant Hill and Moraga, CA), Psychologist, PsyD, QME
Dr. Nicolle Ionascu offers comprehensive neuropsychological assessments to a wide demographic age range focusing on in-depth treatment and therapeutic recommendations.
Dr. Nicolle Ionascu offers comprehensive neuropsychological assessments to a wide demographic age range focusing on in-depth treatment and therapeutic recommendations.
(925) 291-9611 View (925) 291-9611
Photo of Mark Koch, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Mark Koch
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Online Only
Hello, You may have often heard some people say that therapy is for only those with a mental illness or who are "crazy". I'm Mark G. Koch, and have been a licensed Marriage Family Therapist since 1996, and I can honestly tell you that those types of statements are a myth. Everyone has a view of how the world works, and we use the tools we have to deal with our issues, but occasionally, there comes a time when a problem arises that we have no answer to.
Hello, You may have often heard some people say that therapy is for only those with a mental illness or who are "crazy". I'm Mark G. Koch, and have been a licensed Marriage Family Therapist since 1996, and I can honestly tell you that those types of statements are a myth. Everyone has a view of how the world works, and we use the tools we have to deal with our issues, but occasionally, there comes a time when a problem arises that we have no answer to.
(925) 809-4323 View (925) 809-4323
Photo of Melissa Strombeck, Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Melissa Strombeck
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
4 Endorsed
Pleasant Hill, CA 94523
I practice with the belief that therapy can be a rich and vital exploration into understanding the deepest parts of ourselves: the parts we cherish as well as the parts we want to change. We all have unconscious patterns that can get in the way of living the life we want to lead. These patterns can manifest as anxiety, depression, phobias, physical illness or pain, addiction, even rage. These symptoms can affect relationships, work, self esteem, creativity, and sexuality. Change is possible when these patterns can be expressed and understood in an open, and accepting space. I specialize in providing that space.
I practice with the belief that therapy can be a rich and vital exploration into understanding the deepest parts of ourselves: the parts we cherish as well as the parts we want to change. We all have unconscious patterns that can get in the way of living the life we want to lead. These patterns can manifest as anxiety, depression, phobias, physical illness or pain, addiction, even rage. These symptoms can affect relationships, work, self esteem, creativity, and sexuality. Change is possible when these patterns can be expressed and understood in an open, and accepting space. I specialize in providing that space.
(925) 794-8208 View (925) 794-8208
Photo of Kavian Massoud Ravandoust, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Kavian Massoud Ravandoust
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
1 Endorsed
Pleasant Hill, CA 94523
I believe that challenges, emotional pain and even struggling in the face of lifes' obstacles is the norm and not the exception, and that everyone would benefit from professional, individualized emotional support. If you are facing life transitions, such as starting a family, moving or immigration, or dealing with other challenges such as anxiety, depression, anger issues or conflict with others, I can help provide support and facilitate growth and adjustment to whatever life throws at you. I have experience working with adolescents and preteens as well as with adults and families.
I believe that challenges, emotional pain and even struggling in the face of lifes' obstacles is the norm and not the exception, and that everyone would benefit from professional, individualized emotional support. If you are facing life transitions, such as starting a family, moving or immigration, or dealing with other challenges such as anxiety, depression, anger issues or conflict with others, I can help provide support and facilitate growth and adjustment to whatever life throws at you. I have experience working with adolescents and preteens as well as with adults and families.
(925) 204-3948 View (925) 204-3948
Photo of Mark G Koch, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Mark G Koch
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Pleasant Hill, CA 94523
You may have often heard some people say that therapy is for only those with a mental illness or are "crazy". I'm Mark G. Koch and have been a licensed Marriage Family Therapist since 1996, and I can honestly tell you that those type of statements are a myth. Everyone has a view of how the world works and we use the tools we have to deal with our issues, but occasionally there comes a time when a problem arises that we have no answer to. At this point we become "stuck".
You may have often heard some people say that therapy is for only those with a mental illness or are "crazy". I'm Mark G. Koch and have been a licensed Marriage Family Therapist since 1996, and I can honestly tell you that those type of statements are a myth. Everyone has a view of how the world works and we use the tools we have to deal with our issues, but occasionally there comes a time when a problem arises that we have no answer to. At this point we become "stuck".
View
Photo of Lais Shirgul, Psychologist, PsyD
Lais Shirgul
Psychologist, PsyD
Pleasant Hill, CA 94523
Self-awareness, emotional insight, and acceptance of your strengths and areas in need of growth are essential to a healthy and happy life. As a licensed psychologist trained in psychodynamic, cognitive behavioral and dialectical behavioral therapies I create a supportive and trusting environment for those seeking to gain insight and develop coping strategies to foster positive changes at home, work and in social settings. I have treated individuals with Bipolar, depression, and anxiety, PTSD and specialize in children and adolescents and families dealing with ADHD, conduct disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and adjustment issues.
Self-awareness, emotional insight, and acceptance of your strengths and areas in need of growth are essential to a healthy and happy life. As a licensed psychologist trained in psychodynamic, cognitive behavioral and dialectical behavioral therapies I create a supportive and trusting environment for those seeking to gain insight and develop coping strategies to foster positive changes at home, work and in social settings. I have treated individuals with Bipolar, depression, and anxiety, PTSD and specialize in children and adolescents and families dealing with ADHD, conduct disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and adjustment issues.
(925) 400-6836 View (925) 400-6836
Photo of Bri Byrne, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Bri Byrne
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Pleasant Hill, CA 94523
Not accepting new clients
You've taken a big first step just by making it to this page. Even if you are just scrolling for now, good for you. Some people come to therapy to grow as a person or to build insight. Most people seek out therapy because they are in some pain. Their immediate goal is to make the pain stop as quickly as possible. I am much more interested in getting to know your pain than I am in getting rid of it ASAP. We need to know where the pain stems from, how you hide it and why it scares you. That way we aren't "fixing" your pain in this moment, but we are preparing for the next time life inevitably throws a version of that pain at you.
You've taken a big first step just by making it to this page. Even if you are just scrolling for now, good for you. Some people come to therapy to grow as a person or to build insight. Most people seek out therapy because they are in some pain. Their immediate goal is to make the pain stop as quickly as possible. I am much more interested in getting to know your pain than I am in getting rid of it ASAP. We need to know where the pain stems from, how you hide it and why it scares you. That way we aren't "fixing" your pain in this moment, but we are preparing for the next time life inevitably throws a version of that pain at you.
(925) 300-8659 View (925) 300-8659
Photo of Beth Hawley, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, PPSC
Beth Hawley
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, PPSC
Pleasant Hill, CA 94523
My approach to therapy is holistic and addresses mind, body, and spirit as essential, interwoven aspects of who we are. Through my years of practice, I've learned to integrate various somatic and mindfulness modalities into sessions because they go beyond strictly talk therapy in helping calm the nervous system, reduce the effects of trauma and overwhelm, foster new perspectives, and create a healthier relationship with the body. The result is greater resilience, self-compassion, fulfillment, empowerment, and joy. EFT Tapping and Embodied Mindfulness are two modalities that I use & teach so that clients have tools to use at home.
My approach to therapy is holistic and addresses mind, body, and spirit as essential, interwoven aspects of who we are. Through my years of practice, I've learned to integrate various somatic and mindfulness modalities into sessions because they go beyond strictly talk therapy in helping calm the nervous system, reduce the effects of trauma and overwhelm, foster new perspectives, and create a healthier relationship with the body. The result is greater resilience, self-compassion, fulfillment, empowerment, and joy. EFT Tapping and Embodied Mindfulness are two modalities that I use & teach so that clients have tools to use at home.
(925) 433-7957 View (925) 433-7957
Photo of Vicky A. Tejada, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Vicky A. Tejada
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Pleasant Hill, CA 94523
Thank you for reaching out and taking the first step to ask for help. I know it can be difficult, but I am confident you will not regret the decision. It's not easy navigating through the trials, challenges and stressors of life. We are often put in situations, whether balancing work or family responsibilities, being a caretaker or a student dealing with school and social pressures. You may be feeling overwhelmed, anxious, depressed, guilty or at a loss with yourself or your relationships. Perhaps, as a parent, you are feeling concerned about the changes in your child's mood, behavior or academic performance and need some support.
Thank you for reaching out and taking the first step to ask for help. I know it can be difficult, but I am confident you will not regret the decision. It's not easy navigating through the trials, challenges and stressors of life. We are often put in situations, whether balancing work or family responsibilities, being a caretaker or a student dealing with school and social pressures. You may be feeling overwhelmed, anxious, depressed, guilty or at a loss with yourself or your relationships. Perhaps, as a parent, you are feeling concerned about the changes in your child's mood, behavior or academic performance and need some support.
(925) 477-2767 View (925) 477-2767
Photo of Dr. Jennifer Malabag-Evans, Psychologist, PsyD
Dr. Jennifer Malabag-Evans
Psychologist, PsyD
Pleasant Hill, CA 94523
Not accepting new clients
My focus is working with children, adolescents, families, and adults who are struggling with emotional and behavioral issues. Some examples include school challenges, behavioral problems, depression, anxiety, trauma, self-esteem, grief, and relationship issues. How I work, depends on the individual and situation. I believe everyone’s experience is unique and I work from a relational, culturally competent, warm, and nonjudgmental way. I have over 10 yrs of experience working with children, adolescents, families, and adults with trauma (including sexual and physical abuse), depression, anxiety, and academic and behavioral issues.
My focus is working with children, adolescents, families, and adults who are struggling with emotional and behavioral issues. Some examples include school challenges, behavioral problems, depression, anxiety, trauma, self-esteem, grief, and relationship issues. How I work, depends on the individual and situation. I believe everyone’s experience is unique and I work from a relational, culturally competent, warm, and nonjudgmental way. I have over 10 yrs of experience working with children, adolescents, families, and adults with trauma (including sexual and physical abuse), depression, anxiety, and academic and behavioral issues.
(925) 290-6395 View (925) 290-6395
Photo of Francesca Miller, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Francesca Miller
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
5 Endorsed
Pleasant Hill, CA 94523
My purpose as a therapist is to help clients feel less alone in their experiences and learn tools to live a life with more ease, insight, and awareness. I support children, teens, adolescents, and young adults in having a space to feel seen, gain deeper self-awareness, implement coping strategies and reach attainable goals to live life more fully. As a client myself, I aim to normalize the process of therapy and reduce the stigma around receiving mental health support. I acknowledge the bravery and courage it takes to start therapy and hold deep respect for those investing in this process.
My purpose as a therapist is to help clients feel less alone in their experiences and learn tools to live a life with more ease, insight, and awareness. I support children, teens, adolescents, and young adults in having a space to feel seen, gain deeper self-awareness, implement coping strategies and reach attainable goals to live life more fully. As a client myself, I aim to normalize the process of therapy and reduce the stigma around receiving mental health support. I acknowledge the bravery and courage it takes to start therapy and hold deep respect for those investing in this process.
(925) 940-6779 View (925) 940-6779
Photo of Samantha Schaefer, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, PMH-C
Samantha Schaefer
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, PMH-C
6 Endorsed
Pleasant Hill, CA 94523
Waitlist for new clients
Feeling stuck, overwhelmed, or like life hasn’t turned out the way you thought it would? Maybe you’re in the middle of a big transition—becoming a parent, navigating a breakup, adjusting to a new role, or simply realizing that what used to work…doesn’t anymore. Change can stir up anxiety, self-doubt, and even grief for the versions of ourselves we’ve outgrown. You might find yourself questioning who you are or what comes next. These moments can feel isolating, but they’re also an invitation to slow down, reconnect with yourself, and begin again—with support along the way.
Feeling stuck, overwhelmed, or like life hasn’t turned out the way you thought it would? Maybe you’re in the middle of a big transition—becoming a parent, navigating a breakup, adjusting to a new role, or simply realizing that what used to work…doesn’t anymore. Change can stir up anxiety, self-doubt, and even grief for the versions of ourselves we’ve outgrown. You might find yourself questioning who you are or what comes next. These moments can feel isolating, but they’re also an invitation to slow down, reconnect with yourself, and begin again—with support along the way.
(925) 633-4084 View (925) 633-4084
Photo of Katie Brown, LEP, PhD
Katie Brown
Verified Verified
Pleasant Hill, CA 94523
It's time to start feeling more confident about your child’s education. The decision to seek evaluation means you have likely already experienced significant stress and disappointment with your child’s educational progress. Due to the complexity of the special education process, even competent and well-intentioned school staff often emphasize a child’s learning challenges rather than their learning strengths. This can lead to a limited understanding of a child’s learning potential.
It's time to start feeling more confident about your child’s education. The decision to seek evaluation means you have likely already experienced significant stress and disappointment with your child’s educational progress. Due to the complexity of the special education process, even competent and well-intentioned school staff often emphasize a child’s learning challenges rather than their learning strengths. This can lead to a limited understanding of a child’s learning potential.
(925) 725-3576 View (925) 725-3576
Photo of Crystal Blanton, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, SUDCCIV
Crystal Blanton
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, SUDCCIV
1 Endorsed
Pleasant Hill, CA 94523
Not accepting new clients
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with over 20 years of experience in the counseling field. I have worked with culturally diverse populations in a variety of settings to support with concerns related to depression, anxiety, trauma, substance abuse, and other life challenges. I am always honored to work with people who are in some stage of uncovering the next steps in achieving balance, wellness, and feelings of self fulfillment by exploring the intersecting elements of a person's experiences.
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with over 20 years of experience in the counseling field. I have worked with culturally diverse populations in a variety of settings to support with concerns related to depression, anxiety, trauma, substance abuse, and other life challenges. I am always honored to work with people who are in some stage of uncovering the next steps in achieving balance, wellness, and feelings of self fulfillment by exploring the intersecting elements of a person's experiences.
(925) 965-0485 View (925) 965-0485
Photo of Dr. Ashley Fiorilli, PhD, RYT 500, CCTSI
Dr. Ashley Fiorilli
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Online Only
Accepting New Clients Today - New Service: Virtual Sand Tray Therapy Hello there! I'm Dr. Ashley Fiorilli, passionate & dedicated Clinical Behavior Analyst. My mission is to empower individuals to unlock your true potential & lead fulfilling lives. I am committed to helping you create positive and meaningful change in your life. It is my passion to provide you with the tools and guidance necessary to uncover your strengths, tap into your inner resilience, and find harmony in all aspects of your life. Welcome to a world of transformation and self-discovery!
Accepting New Clients Today - New Service: Virtual Sand Tray Therapy Hello there! I'm Dr. Ashley Fiorilli, passionate & dedicated Clinical Behavior Analyst. My mission is to empower individuals to unlock your true potential & lead fulfilling lives. I am committed to helping you create positive and meaningful change in your life. It is my passion to provide you with the tools and guidance necessary to uncover your strengths, tap into your inner resilience, and find harmony in all aspects of your life. Welcome to a world of transformation and self-discovery!
(925) 393-0519 View (925) 393-0519
Photo of Zuri Montgomery, Marriage & Family Therapist
Zuri Montgomery
Marriage & Family Therapist
Online Only
Does your life feel heavy and overwhelming at times? Waking up angry or anxious with no clear reason why? Having issues connecting with your family, others or yourself? Experiencing the many stressors and situations of life can become exhausting when you aren't properly supported. I would like to help you expand your awareness of what is affecting you, so you can become a more supported and resourced you, while learning to cope using healthy strategies and tools that best fit your lifestyle.
Does your life feel heavy and overwhelming at times? Waking up angry or anxious with no clear reason why? Having issues connecting with your family, others or yourself? Experiencing the many stressors and situations of life can become exhausting when you aren't properly supported. I would like to help you expand your awareness of what is affecting you, so you can become a more supported and resourced you, while learning to cope using healthy strategies and tools that best fit your lifestyle.
(925) 332-0886 View (925) 332-0886
Photo of Michael Fritch, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Michael Fritch
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Pleasant Hill, CA 94523
I began providing psychotherapy in Contra Costa in 1996 while obtaining my MA Degree with a Specialization in Couple and Family Therapy at John F. Kennedy's Graduate School of Professional Psychology. Since then I have continued working in Solano County and more recently Contra Costa County with individual adults, children & teens, their families, and with couples. I facilitated men's groups in a jail-based substance abuse treatment program for four years while working at Youth And Family Services until 2005. I've been in private practice since then.
I began providing psychotherapy in Contra Costa in 1996 while obtaining my MA Degree with a Specialization in Couple and Family Therapy at John F. Kennedy's Graduate School of Professional Psychology. Since then I have continued working in Solano County and more recently Contra Costa County with individual adults, children & teens, their families, and with couples. I facilitated men's groups in a jail-based substance abuse treatment program for four years while working at Youth And Family Services until 2005. I've been in private practice since then.
(707) 809-5996 View (707) 809-5996
National University Community Counseling Center
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Pleasant Hill, CA 94523
The National University Community Counseling Center offers affordable, compassionate mental health services for individuals, couples, and families. Mental health is essential to individual well-being and community resilience. We aim to provide accessible, high-quality care to the community and train the next generation of compassionate therapists. Operated by the JFK School of Psychology and Social Sciences at National University, our center serves clients of all ages, backgrounds, and life stages, helping them navigate challenges such as anxiety, depression, grief, relationship concerns, and major life transitions.
The National University Community Counseling Center offers affordable, compassionate mental health services for individuals, couples, and families. Mental health is essential to individual well-being and community resilience. We aim to provide accessible, high-quality care to the community and train the next generation of compassionate therapists. Operated by the JFK School of Psychology and Social Sciences at National University, our center serves clients of all ages, backgrounds, and life stages, helping them navigate challenges such as anxiety, depression, grief, relationship concerns, and major life transitions.
Photo of Stacey Watson, Associate Professional Clinical Counselor, MS, APCC
Stacey Watson
Associate Professional Clinical Counselor, MS, APCC
Pleasant Hill, CA 94523
As a therapist, my goal is to provide a warm, safe, and non-judgmental space where you can feel truly heard and understood. I believe that healing and growth come from being met with compassion, and I am committed to offering you the support you need on your journey. I approach each session with empathy, respecting your unique experience, and offering a space where you can explore your feelings without fear of judgment. My work is centered on building trust and fostering a collaborative partnership where you feel empowered to make positive changes at your own pace.
As a therapist, my goal is to provide a warm, safe, and non-judgmental space where you can feel truly heard and understood. I believe that healing and growth come from being met with compassion, and I am committed to offering you the support you need on your journey. I approach each session with empathy, respecting your unique experience, and offering a space where you can explore your feelings without fear of judgment. My work is centered on building trust and fostering a collaborative partnership where you feel empowered to make positive changes at your own pace.
(925) 396-9836 View (925) 396-9836
Photo of Jennifer Brookman, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT
Jennifer Brookman
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT
Online Only
When I first meet with people, they often describe feeling lost, scared, and maybe even “broken.” Many feel that they are just barely scraping by, afraid that they will lose the things and people that matter to them if they don’t make a change. I help people recover from life-altering events - such as addiction, loss, trauma, and shame - so that they can experience a life of purpose, joy, and meaningful relationships. People who work with me typically report feeling more at peace with themselves, more satisfied and comfortable in their relationships, and being more able to cope with life’s day-to-day stressors.
When I first meet with people, they often describe feeling lost, scared, and maybe even “broken.” Many feel that they are just barely scraping by, afraid that they will lose the things and people that matter to them if they don’t make a change. I help people recover from life-altering events - such as addiction, loss, trauma, and shame - so that they can experience a life of purpose, joy, and meaningful relationships. People who work with me typically report feeling more at peace with themselves, more satisfied and comfortable in their relationships, and being more able to cope with life’s day-to-day stressors.
(925) 489-1267 View (925) 489-1267

See more therapy options for Pleasant Hill

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Pleasant Hill, CA

100+

Average cost per session

$175

Therapists in Pleasant Hill, CA who prioritize treating:

91% Anxiety
91% Social Anxiety
91% Health Anxiety
91% Driving Anxiety
87% Depression
74% Self Esteem
73% Relationship Issues

Average years in practice

13 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

61% Aetna
55% Cigna and Evernorth
40% Optum

How Therapists in Pleasant Hill, CA see their clients

74% In Person and Online
26% Online Only

Gender breakdown

80% Female
20% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Pleasant Hill?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.