Photo of Ivan Hronek, PsyD, Psychologist
Ivan Hronek
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Las Vegas, NV 89117
Culturally-competent neuropsychological and psychological evaluation services for children, adolescents, and young adults. I am excited to share with you that my practice now also provides psychological therapy. Please find additional information about my services on my website: www.silverstatepsychology.com
Culturally-competent neuropsychological and psychological evaluation services for children, adolescents, and young adults. I am excited to share with you that my practice now also provides psychological therapy. Please find additional information about my services on my website: www.silverstatepsychology.com
(702) 625-7409 View (702) 625-7409
Photo of Yoni Banayan, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Yoni Banayan
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Las Vegas, NV 89117
Do you want results? Are you finding that you keep getting in your own way? That your emotions, trauma, pain, past experiences and anxiety are preventing you from living the life you are meant to live? Or perhaps things are just not clicking no matter how hard you try? The good news is that there is always a way, a technique or perspective that can and will shift you and your life. The catch? You need to be willing to step into the unknown and get uncomfortable.
Do you want results? Are you finding that you keep getting in your own way? That your emotions, trauma, pain, past experiences and anxiety are preventing you from living the life you are meant to live? Or perhaps things are just not clicking no matter how hard you try? The good news is that there is always a way, a technique or perspective that can and will shift you and your life. The catch? You need to be willing to step into the unknown and get uncomfortable.
(702) 829-6682 View (702) 829-6682
Photo of Lynda Mari, MS, LCPC, CPC, Counselor
Lynda Mari
Counselor, MS, LCPC, CPC
Verified Verified
Las Vegas, NV 89117
I work collaboratively with my clients to address symptoms of depression, anxiety, panic attacks, obsessive thoughts and maladaptive behaviors. Central to my work with clients is my dedication to creating a safe, non-judgmental space, and building a strong therapeutic relationship to effectively address presenting concerns. In addition, I work with a keen awareness of the interconnection between medical and mental health. I also work with clients who are going through major life changes, and are experiencing distress that comes with the challenges of making major adjustments.
I work collaboratively with my clients to address symptoms of depression, anxiety, panic attacks, obsessive thoughts and maladaptive behaviors. Central to my work with clients is my dedication to creating a safe, non-judgmental space, and building a strong therapeutic relationship to effectively address presenting concerns. In addition, I work with a keen awareness of the interconnection between medical and mental health. I also work with clients who are going through major life changes, and are experiencing distress that comes with the challenges of making major adjustments.
(702) 487-9318 View (702) 487-9318
Photo of Emily Burggraf, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Emily Burggraf
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Las Vegas, NV 89117
Are you struggling with depression, emptiness, conflict in relationships or lack of purpose? Allow me the opportunity to help you discover the correct Steps for Your Success! "I am a licensed clinical social worker with over 30 years working in the helping profession. My background includes working with individuals of all ages, couples, families, and groups. I have extensive experience working with adult women, who are survivors of trauma, particularly sexual abuse. My experience also involves treatment of dissociative disorders. Christian counseling is also offered."
Are you struggling with depression, emptiness, conflict in relationships or lack of purpose? Allow me the opportunity to help you discover the correct Steps for Your Success! "I am a licensed clinical social worker with over 30 years working in the helping profession. My background includes working with individuals of all ages, couples, families, and groups. I have extensive experience working with adult women, who are survivors of trauma, particularly sexual abuse. My experience also involves treatment of dissociative disorders. Christian counseling is also offered."
(725) 217-9852 View (725) 217-9852
Photo of Crystal Narula, CPC-I, MS
Crystal Narula
Clinical Professional Counselor Intern, CPC-I, MS
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Las Vegas, NV 89117
Accepting New Clients! Life comes with great challenges, and everyone should have the support and resources to navigate those challenges. I will provide a safe and judgement-free zone in which you can express and share difficult experiences you are facing in your life. I help children, adolescents, and adults cope with and manage their mental health concerns and get their life back! I will be dedicated to supporting you, connecting with you, and helping you feel like yourself again.
Accepting New Clients! Life comes with great challenges, and everyone should have the support and resources to navigate those challenges. I will provide a safe and judgement-free zone in which you can express and share difficult experiences you are facing in your life. I help children, adolescents, and adults cope with and manage their mental health concerns and get their life back! I will be dedicated to supporting you, connecting with you, and helping you feel like yourself again.
(725) 234-6120 View (725) 234-6120
Photo of Angel Denise Toscano, CPC-I, LPC Intern
Angel Denise Toscano
LPC Intern, CPC-I
Verified Verified
Las Vegas, NV 89117
Hello! I'm Angel, a passionate Clinical Professional Counselor Intern dedicated to making a difference in the lives of individuals. My journey in counseling has been shaped by a deep-seated belief in the importance of fostering resilience and providing unwavering support to those in need. My heart lies in working with a diverse range of individuals, from the tender age of 6 to the formative years of 50. Each person I meet holds a unique story and an invaluable potential waiting to be uncovered.
Hello! I'm Angel, a passionate Clinical Professional Counselor Intern dedicated to making a difference in the lives of individuals. My journey in counseling has been shaped by a deep-seated belief in the importance of fostering resilience and providing unwavering support to those in need. My heart lies in working with a diverse range of individuals, from the tender age of 6 to the formative years of 50. Each person I meet holds a unique story and an invaluable potential waiting to be uncovered.
(725) 234-2072 View (725) 234-2072
Photo of Jennifer Applebaum, MS, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Jennifer Applebaum
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
Las Vegas, NV 89117
My approach to therapy is direct and solution-oriented, with a balancing measure of warm support and compassion. It is a priority that you feel safe and understood here. I will also appropriately and respectfully challenge you at times; you did not come to therapy to keep things the same. I act as a mirror, helping to identify and reflect back to you things that you may be unaware of that are contributing to the problem. With this new insight, we then decide what kind of action may be needed, wanted, and/or possible. Sometimes insight and understanding alone are enough; other cases require more.
My approach to therapy is direct and solution-oriented, with a balancing measure of warm support and compassion. It is a priority that you feel safe and understood here. I will also appropriately and respectfully challenge you at times; you did not come to therapy to keep things the same. I act as a mirror, helping to identify and reflect back to you things that you may be unaware of that are contributing to the problem. With this new insight, we then decide what kind of action may be needed, wanted, and/or possible. Sometimes insight and understanding alone are enough; other cases require more.
(725) 208-5360 View (725) 208-5360
Photo of Sarah Hawkins, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Sarah Hawkins
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Las Vegas, NV 89117
“Our wounds are often the openings into the best and most beautiful part of us.” No matter what wound or wounds you are suffering with, no matter how big or small I am here to help you heal. Let me meet you where you are. Currently I am available in-home, office, telehealth sessions. I am a licensed marriage and family therapist with training in Accelerated Resolution Therapy (ART), Trust based relational interventions (TBRI) and certified in Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT). Currently working on my doctorate in Sexology with a concentration on sex offender treatment. I have been a member of the ATSA for 10+ years.
“Our wounds are often the openings into the best and most beautiful part of us.” No matter what wound or wounds you are suffering with, no matter how big or small I am here to help you heal. Let me meet you where you are. Currently I am available in-home, office, telehealth sessions. I am a licensed marriage and family therapist with training in Accelerated Resolution Therapy (ART), Trust based relational interventions (TBRI) and certified in Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT). Currently working on my doctorate in Sexology with a concentration on sex offender treatment. I have been a member of the ATSA for 10+ years.
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Photo of Joanna Buffalini, MS, MFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Joanna Buffalini
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, MFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Las Vegas, NV 89117
Not accepting new clients
Hello! My name is Joanna and thank you for reading my profile. I provide individual and family therapy to clients of most ages (5 and older). Prior to working as a therapist, I was a special education teacher. Working as a teacher taught me the importance of a trusting relationship. I love working as a therapist and my favorite part is the unique relationship I build with each client. It is through this trusting, judgement-free relationship that clients can feel safe to self-examine. I work side by side with clients to explore the root causes of unhelpful behaviors and identify a better way of relating to oneself and others.
Hello! My name is Joanna and thank you for reading my profile. I provide individual and family therapy to clients of most ages (5 and older). Prior to working as a therapist, I was a special education teacher. Working as a teacher taught me the importance of a trusting relationship. I love working as a therapist and my favorite part is the unique relationship I build with each client. It is through this trusting, judgement-free relationship that clients can feel safe to self-examine. I work side by side with clients to explore the root causes of unhelpful behaviors and identify a better way of relating to oneself and others.
(702) 872-2944 View (702) 872-2944
Photo of JoLae Brandt-Shapiro, MFT-I, Marriage & Family Therapist Intern
JoLae Brandt-Shapiro
Marriage & Family Therapist Intern, MFT-I
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Las Vegas, NV 89117
Whether you're facing anxiety, depression, relationship challenges, or seeking personal growth, my goal is to support you in finding greater harmony and wholeness within yourself and your relationships. We are ALL incredibly resilient humans and adapt to our environments; over time, these well-intended parts of us may hinder our growth and sense of peace. I am here to be your ally on the path of self-discovery, healing, and strengthening your relationship with yourself to discover ways of connecting and communicating that are conducive to deep and meaningful relationships.
Whether you're facing anxiety, depression, relationship challenges, or seeking personal growth, my goal is to support you in finding greater harmony and wholeness within yourself and your relationships. We are ALL incredibly resilient humans and adapt to our environments; over time, these well-intended parts of us may hinder our growth and sense of peace. I am here to be your ally on the path of self-discovery, healing, and strengthening your relationship with yourself to discover ways of connecting and communicating that are conducive to deep and meaningful relationships.
(702) 330-8846 View (702) 330-8846
Photo of Shonna Erickson, MA, MFT, LADC, Marriage & Family Therapist
Shonna Erickson
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT, LADC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Las Vegas, NV 89117
Most physical injuries heal and become painless in time. Emotional scars, on the other hand, can run deep and continue to show up in ways you cannot understand and are not prepared to handle. Depression, worry, fatigue, anxiety, relationship issues, and addiction are just some of the many ways deep hurts can continue to haunt you. In some cases, the fallout can be life-altering and debilitating. Like anything worthwhile, it can be a complicated and difficult process to figure it all out. My approach to counseling does not rely on any one "model" or a simple textbook formula.
Most physical injuries heal and become painless in time. Emotional scars, on the other hand, can run deep and continue to show up in ways you cannot understand and are not prepared to handle. Depression, worry, fatigue, anxiety, relationship issues, and addiction are just some of the many ways deep hurts can continue to haunt you. In some cases, the fallout can be life-altering and debilitating. Like anything worthwhile, it can be a complicated and difficult process to figure it all out. My approach to counseling does not rely on any one "model" or a simple textbook formula.
(702) 527-3231 View (702) 527-3231
Photo of Jacqueline Harris, MA, MFT, LADC, Marriage & Family Therapist
Jacqueline Harris
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT, LADC
Verified Verified
Las Vegas, NV 89117
Not accepting new clients
As a Licensed Marriage & Family Therapist and Alcohol & Drug Counselor, I have over 25 years of experience working with children, adults, and families. I am always looking for the unique strengths and solutions of each client that I serve. I am trained in a variety of evidenced-based practices, such as Motivational Interviewing, Solution-Focused, and Cognitive Behavior Therapies.
As a Licensed Marriage & Family Therapist and Alcohol & Drug Counselor, I have over 25 years of experience working with children, adults, and families. I am always looking for the unique strengths and solutions of each client that I serve. I am trained in a variety of evidenced-based practices, such as Motivational Interviewing, Solution-Focused, and Cognitive Behavior Therapies.
(702) 879-8991 View (702) 879-8991
Photo of Maggie Tursi, MSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Maggie Tursi
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Las Vegas, NV 89117
As a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with over 16 years of experience, my philosophy of care is rooted in social justice, autonomy, and living life to its full potential. Through a collaborative therapeutic relationship, treatment is focused on solutions and strengths. I believe we all have unique gifts as well as unique hurts. Let's use pain to motivate progress!! ******************CURRENTLY PRACTICING VIA TELEHEALTH***********************
As a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with over 16 years of experience, my philosophy of care is rooted in social justice, autonomy, and living life to its full potential. Through a collaborative therapeutic relationship, treatment is focused on solutions and strengths. I believe we all have unique gifts as well as unique hurts. Let's use pain to motivate progress!! ******************CURRENTLY PRACTICING VIA TELEHEALTH***********************
(702) 246-2405 View (702) 246-2405
Photo of Rachel Hansen, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Rachel Hansen
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Las Vegas, NV 89117
Wish you felt peaceful and whole? Feeling emotionally exhausted isn’t a failure—it's a sign your current approach isn't working. Imagine handling current stressors and processing past challenges to move forward with confidence. I’m for you if you want more than talk therapy and ready to understand the “why’s” that keep you stuck. You need guidance to grasp how you got here, calm your desperation, and let go of unhelpful thoughts. You need someone who believes in you and can help you build self-trust and make confident decisions.
Wish you felt peaceful and whole? Feeling emotionally exhausted isn’t a failure—it's a sign your current approach isn't working. Imagine handling current stressors and processing past challenges to move forward with confidence. I’m for you if you want more than talk therapy and ready to understand the “why’s” that keep you stuck. You need guidance to grasp how you got here, calm your desperation, and let go of unhelpful thoughts. You need someone who believes in you and can help you build self-trust and make confident decisions.
(732) 889-7787 View (732) 889-7787
Photo of Danielle Moreggi - Psychology Institute of Las Vegas, PhD, Psychologist
Psychology Institute of Las Vegas
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Las Vegas, NV 89117
Dr. Moreggi has been practicing in the field of psychology since 1997. She is a nationally recognized professional trainer and the Owner/Founder of The Psychology Institute of Las Vegas (PILV). PILV is a specialized group of mental health professionals made up of top rated Licensed Psychologists, LCPC Therapists, and Psychology Interns. The team specializes in treating and assessing Trauma- Related Disorders, Depression, Anxiety, and Relationship/Stress- Related concerns. We provide Neuropsychological Assessments, EMDR, Career/Executive Evaluations, Individual Psychotherapy, Couples Counseling, and Board Clinical Supervision.
Dr. Moreggi has been practicing in the field of psychology since 1997. She is a nationally recognized professional trainer and the Owner/Founder of The Psychology Institute of Las Vegas (PILV). PILV is a specialized group of mental health professionals made up of top rated Licensed Psychologists, LCPC Therapists, and Psychology Interns. The team specializes in treating and assessing Trauma- Related Disorders, Depression, Anxiety, and Relationship/Stress- Related concerns. We provide Neuropsychological Assessments, EMDR, Career/Executive Evaluations, Individual Psychotherapy, Couples Counseling, and Board Clinical Supervision.
(702) 766-6814 View (702) 766-6814
Photo of Cheri Montgomery, MS, MFT, Marriage & Family Therapist Intern
Cheri Montgomery
Marriage & Family Therapist Intern, MS, MFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Las Vegas, NV 89117  (Online Only)
Accepting New Clients. In my practice, clients embark on a journey of self-discovery, seeking to cultivate relationship skills, gain insights into unproductive behaviors, and enhance communication habits. With a focus on Couples, Individuals, and Families, I foster a collaborative environment that prioritizes safety, empathy, compassion, and understanding. Through guided exploration and introspection, clients uncover personal challenges, gaining valuable insights and understanding to navigate their issues effectively.
Accepting New Clients. In my practice, clients embark on a journey of self-discovery, seeking to cultivate relationship skills, gain insights into unproductive behaviors, and enhance communication habits. With a focus on Couples, Individuals, and Families, I foster a collaborative environment that prioritizes safety, empathy, compassion, and understanding. Through guided exploration and introspection, clients uncover personal challenges, gaining valuable insights and understanding to navigate their issues effectively.
(702) 966-9541 View (702) 966-9541
Photo of Ashley Kelly, MS, CPC-I, Pre-Licensed Professional
Ashley Kelly
Pre-Licensed Professional, MS, CPC-I
Verified Verified
Las Vegas, NV 89117
Hi! I’m Ashley, a dedicated and compassionate therapist committed to helping individuals of all ages unlock their inner strength and achieve holistic wellness. My goal is to create a safe and supportive space where clients can explore their experiences, heal from past traumas, and develop effective coping strategies. If you find yourself stuck in patterns you don't want or completely unaware of what is happening in your life, I know I can help you come back to a space of wholeness and peace. The limiting beliefs you have do not have last. The Whole Life embodies the idea of living fully in developing mind, body, and heart.
Hi! I’m Ashley, a dedicated and compassionate therapist committed to helping individuals of all ages unlock their inner strength and achieve holistic wellness. My goal is to create a safe and supportive space where clients can explore their experiences, heal from past traumas, and develop effective coping strategies. If you find yourself stuck in patterns you don't want or completely unaware of what is happening in your life, I know I can help you come back to a space of wholeness and peace. The limiting beliefs you have do not have last. The Whole Life embodies the idea of living fully in developing mind, body, and heart.
(702) 903-3998 View (702) 903-3998
Photo of Richard Humes III - Las Vegas Family Therapy Center, PsyD, Psychologist
Las Vegas Family Therapy Center
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Las Vegas, NV 89117
Have you ever felt sad, angry, irritated, anxious, or down? Do you have difficulty sleeping, completing tasks, or enjoying activities? Is your son or daughter struggling in school, following rules at home, or having behavioral problems? Are there relationships in your life you would like to improve? Maybe nothing is wrong, but you would like to improve something in your life? If you answered yes to any of these questions or are having other difficulties in your life, you are not alone. Many people experience troubling events, thoughts, and feelings at some point in life.
Have you ever felt sad, angry, irritated, anxious, or down? Do you have difficulty sleeping, completing tasks, or enjoying activities? Is your son or daughter struggling in school, following rules at home, or having behavioral problems? Are there relationships in your life you would like to improve? Maybe nothing is wrong, but you would like to improve something in your life? If you answered yes to any of these questions or are having other difficulties in your life, you are not alone. Many people experience troubling events, thoughts, and feelings at some point in life.
(725) 213-9279 View (725) 213-9279
Photo of Rick Habeck, MA, LCPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Rick Habeck
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LCPC
Verified Verified
Las Vegas, NV 89117
Relationships can be difficult but should they be? The short answer is yes ... at times. In nearly every relationship, there will be difficult challenges that test the commitment and resolve of each partner. How do we overcome challenges that seem so overwhelming that the relationship appears to be irreconcilable? Couples counseling can help redirect us to the path that once seemed so happy and full of promise. Through hard work and commitment, finding the joy you first experienced as a couple is possible.
Relationships can be difficult but should they be? The short answer is yes ... at times. In nearly every relationship, there will be difficult challenges that test the commitment and resolve of each partner. How do we overcome challenges that seem so overwhelming that the relationship appears to be irreconcilable? Couples counseling can help redirect us to the path that once seemed so happy and full of promise. Through hard work and commitment, finding the joy you first experienced as a couple is possible.
(702) 887-1292 View (702) 887-1292
Photo of Shad Scott, MS, Counselor
Shad Scott
Counselor, MS
Verified Verified
Las Vegas, NV 89117
Pain can either define us or serve as the driving force for personal growth. I have dedicated an extensive amount of time to working with children, teens, parents, and adults who struggle with impulse control, existential crises, emotional challenges, and behavioral disturbances. I firmly believe that knowledge alone is insufficient; true change goes beyond conceptualization—it requires action. Clients require proven tools to actively pursue self-sufficiency.
Pain can either define us or serve as the driving force for personal growth. I have dedicated an extensive amount of time to working with children, teens, parents, and adults who struggle with impulse control, existential crises, emotional challenges, and behavioral disturbances. I firmly believe that knowledge alone is insufficient; true change goes beyond conceptualization—it requires action. Clients require proven tools to actively pursue self-sufficiency.
(702) 710-5729 View (702) 710-5729

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in 89117

100+

Average cost per session

$125

Therapists in 89117 who prioritize treating:

91% Anxiety
86% Depression
78% Self Esteem
73% Relationship Issues
73% Trauma and PTSD
69% Coping Skills
69% Stress

Average years in practice

8 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

81% Aetna
71% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
69% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in 89117 see their clients

75% In Person and Online
25% Online Only

Gender breakdown

82% Female
17% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in 89117?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.