Photo of Kim Tsui - EMDR and IFS - Half Day Intensives, EMDR, IFS, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
EMDR and IFS - Half Day Intensives
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, EMDR, IFS, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Having a trauma-informed lens in therapy means recognizing that some of your difficulties (symptoms) may have their roots in trauma. Our brains and bodies are deeply influenced by those experiences. When we acknowledge, understand and reframe our traumatic experiences, we can get unstuck from patterns that no longer serve us.
Having a trauma-informed lens in therapy means recognizing that some of your difficulties (symptoms) may have their roots in trauma. Our brains and bodies are deeply influenced by those experiences. When we acknowledge, understand and reframe our traumatic experiences, we can get unstuck from patterns that no longer serve us.
(725) 215-7772 View (725) 215-7772
Photo of LaTeisha Morgan, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
LaTeisha Morgan
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Las Vegas, NV 89107
***Accepting New Clients*** afternoons and weekends avaliable! I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker and I believe in helping others get through life. One thing is for certain, LIFE happens and you can find yourself overwhelmed or feeling like there is no way to get through LIFE. I am here to help you find your way.
***Accepting New Clients*** afternoons and weekends avaliable! I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker and I believe in helping others get through life. One thing is for certain, LIFE happens and you can find yourself overwhelmed or feeling like there is no way to get through LIFE. I am here to help you find your way.
(702) 825-7675 View (702) 825-7675
Photo of Yvette Howard, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Yvette Howard
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Online Only
Hey! I get it. You’re a successful woman who feels overwhelmed by anxiety and burnout due to the pressure of perfectionism and fear of failure. Your issues may include a constant feeling of not being good enough, the inability to relax or enjoy accomplishments, or a pervasive fear of making mistakes. Your needs likely revolve around finding a sense of calm, learning effective stress management techniques, and redefining success. Your goals might include achieving a healthier work-life balance, and cultivating self-compassion. Ultimately, you want to feel confident, content, and fulfilled in both your personal and professional life.
Hey! I get it. You’re a successful woman who feels overwhelmed by anxiety and burnout due to the pressure of perfectionism and fear of failure. Your issues may include a constant feeling of not being good enough, the inability to relax or enjoy accomplishments, or a pervasive fear of making mistakes. Your needs likely revolve around finding a sense of calm, learning effective stress management techniques, and redefining success. Your goals might include achieving a healthier work-life balance, and cultivating self-compassion. Ultimately, you want to feel confident, content, and fulfilled in both your personal and professional life.
(725) 238-6990 View (725) 238-6990
Photo of Natasha Mosby, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Natasha Mosby
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Las Vegas, NV 89107
Waitlist for new clients
As a therapist I have learned every client is unique in their experiences. Their sense of themselves, their outlook on life, needs and expectations are individualized and no single method or theory is helpful to everyone. I approach each client and session with an open mind, and self awareness while exploring with the client what was, what is, and what can be.
As a therapist I have learned every client is unique in their experiences. Their sense of themselves, their outlook on life, needs and expectations are individualized and no single method or theory is helpful to everyone. I approach each client and session with an open mind, and self awareness while exploring with the client what was, what is, and what can be.
(702) 675-8442 View (702) 675-8442
Photo of A K Smee, LPC, LCPC, LCMHC, SCL, Counselor
A K Smee
Counselor, LPC, LCPC, LCMHC, SCL
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Online Only
Hi! Worried about communicating/interacting with family members during the holidays? Exhausted of feeling heart broken and dealing with dating games? In an unsatisfying or tumultuous relationship? Or perhaps exhausted of dealing with emotionally immature parents or family members? Recovering from narcissistic abuse? I can help! My focus and my passion are helping people find and maintain fulfillment in their various relationships and heal from relationship trauma. Our relationships with others impact so many aspects of our lives and I aim to help you gain control of those impacts.
Hi! Worried about communicating/interacting with family members during the holidays? Exhausted of feeling heart broken and dealing with dating games? In an unsatisfying or tumultuous relationship? Or perhaps exhausted of dealing with emotionally immature parents or family members? Recovering from narcissistic abuse? I can help! My focus and my passion are helping people find and maintain fulfillment in their various relationships and heal from relationship trauma. Our relationships with others impact so many aspects of our lives and I aim to help you gain control of those impacts.
(702) 710-0146 View (702) 710-0146
Photo of Keeley Luan, CPC-I, LPC Intern
Keeley Luan
LPC Intern, CPC-I
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Las Vegas, NV 89107
As a therapist, I am deeply drawn to working with individuals who are navigating the complex challenges of anxiety, generational trauma, self-esteem issues, depression, ADHD, and struggles with a lack of self-compassion.
As a therapist, I am deeply drawn to working with individuals who are navigating the complex challenges of anxiety, generational trauma, self-esteem issues, depression, ADHD, and struggles with a lack of self-compassion.
(702) 707-5147 View (702) 707-5147
Photo of Teri Lynn Ku'ulei Kim - National Center of Counseling Services & Training, LMHC, LCPC, MA, MPhil, Counselor
National Center of Counseling Services & Training
Counselor, LMHC, LCPC, MA, MPhil
Verified Verified
Las Vegas, NV 89107
You can’t control the challenging factors you are faced with in life but you can be empowered by how you perceive and respond. Difficulties, trials, struggles, pain, and grief are unavoidable even if you perceive to make the "right" choices. Life can be hard sometimes and unfair. Even the daily stressors of work, career, family, responsibilities, life transitions, difficult relationships, and lack of expectations being met can weigh you down. You live life through experiences, and experiences are understood through your perceptions. When you develop the tools to manage your perceptions, you can also manage those experiences.
You can’t control the challenging factors you are faced with in life but you can be empowered by how you perceive and respond. Difficulties, trials, struggles, pain, and grief are unavoidable even if you perceive to make the "right" choices. Life can be hard sometimes and unfair. Even the daily stressors of work, career, family, responsibilities, life transitions, difficult relationships, and lack of expectations being met can weigh you down. You live life through experiences, and experiences are understood through your perceptions. When you develop the tools to manage your perceptions, you can also manage those experiences.
(725) 800-9531 View (725) 800-9531
Photo of Shelly Ervin, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Shelly Ervin
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Las Vegas, NV 89107
Welcome! I’m Shelly Ervin, a licensed clinical social worker dedicated to helping you navigate life's challenges. If you’re struggling with emotional dysregulation, chronic stress, or difficulties in your relationships, know that you’re not alone. Together, we can work towards finding balance and building the life you want.
Welcome! I’m Shelly Ervin, a licensed clinical social worker dedicated to helping you navigate life's challenges. If you’re struggling with emotional dysregulation, chronic stress, or difficulties in your relationships, know that you’re not alone. Together, we can work towards finding balance and building the life you want.
(702) 664-8685 View (702) 664-8685
Photo of Brent G Ryder, PsyD, Psychologist
Brent G Ryder
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Las Vegas, NV 89107
Not accepting new clients
Are you challenged with feeling stressed, overwhelmed, or lacking hope? Are you unsure of what to do or where to turn? Maybe a strained relationship is adversely affecting your life. Whether you are dealing with a difficult illness, feeling challenged by daily struggles, dealing with a difficult life transition, or desiring more life meaning and enjoyment, you can improve your life. You can increase your hope for the future, and experience more life satisfaction. Living well is an art that involves personal discovery and developing your own life plan. Join me and enrich this next phase in your life.
Are you challenged with feeling stressed, overwhelmed, or lacking hope? Are you unsure of what to do or where to turn? Maybe a strained relationship is adversely affecting your life. Whether you are dealing with a difficult illness, feeling challenged by daily struggles, dealing with a difficult life transition, or desiring more life meaning and enjoyment, you can improve your life. You can increase your hope for the future, and experience more life satisfaction. Living well is an art that involves personal discovery and developing your own life plan. Join me and enrich this next phase in your life.
(702) 728-4988 View (702) 728-4988
Photo of Joanne T Culver - Diversity Counseling of Nevada, MA, LCADC, Drug & Alcohol Counselor
Diversity Counseling of Nevada
Drug & Alcohol Counselor, MA, LCADC
Verified Verified
Las Vegas, NV 89107
Waitlist for new clients
Diversity Counseling of Nevada provides evidenced based, client centered approaches for people who are a part of a marginalized community with Substance abuse and co-occurring mental health disorders, particularly LGBTQ+ clients. Diversity Counseling of Nevada will take all clients who are either part of this marginalized group or is an ally of this marginalized group. Diversity Counseling of Nevada is only taking cash paying clients. My hours are by appointment.
Diversity Counseling of Nevada provides evidenced based, client centered approaches for people who are a part of a marginalized community with Substance abuse and co-occurring mental health disorders, particularly LGBTQ+ clients. Diversity Counseling of Nevada will take all clients who are either part of this marginalized group or is an ally of this marginalized group. Diversity Counseling of Nevada is only taking cash paying clients. My hours are by appointment.
(702) 842-0720 View (702) 842-0720
Photo of Marc Tedoff - Applied Behavior Analysis Institute, Inc, PhD, BCBA, LBA
Applied Behavior Analysis Institute, Inc
Behavior Analyst, PhD, BCBA, LBA
Verified Verified
Las Vegas, NV 89107
Applied Behavior Analysis Institute has been providing in-home, research-based autism treatment and parent training since 2011. We use standardized assessments, caretaker interview, observation, and review of documents from schools and other providers (e.g., schools and outside therapists) to develop treatment plans specific to our clients' needs based on their skill sets and environmental needs. We focus treatment in all five developmental domains including: Cognitive, Motor, Social, Communication, and Adaptive Living Skills. We also assist parents in navigating the IEP development process with their child's school.
Applied Behavior Analysis Institute has been providing in-home, research-based autism treatment and parent training since 2011. We use standardized assessments, caretaker interview, observation, and review of documents from schools and other providers (e.g., schools and outside therapists) to develop treatment plans specific to our clients' needs based on their skill sets and environmental needs. We focus treatment in all five developmental domains including: Cognitive, Motor, Social, Communication, and Adaptive Living Skills. We also assist parents in navigating the IEP development process with their child's school.
(505) 587-0722 View (505) 587-0722
Photo of Anita Thornton, MFT, Marriage & Family Therapist Intern
Anita Thornton
Marriage & Family Therapist Intern, MFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Online Only
I approach therapy as a collaborator. My method is client-centered and humanistic. I aim to accompany my clients in achieving the goals brought into the therapeutic environment with openness, empathy, and compassion. Creating goals in small steps is vital for progress and change. Identifying dysfunctional patterns and processing trauma will create lasting changes. My clients can learn to recognize unhealthy cycles and learn more in-depth about their attachment styles. I have a BA in psychology and a minor in child and adolescent development. My master's is in MFT.
I approach therapy as a collaborator. My method is client-centered and humanistic. I aim to accompany my clients in achieving the goals brought into the therapeutic environment with openness, empathy, and compassion. Creating goals in small steps is vital for progress and change. Identifying dysfunctional patterns and processing trauma will create lasting changes. My clients can learn to recognize unhealthy cycles and learn more in-depth about their attachment styles. I have a BA in psychology and a minor in child and adolescent development. My master's is in MFT.
(702) 718-6585 View (702) 718-6585
Photo of Emma Bartlett, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Emma Bartlett
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Las Vegas, NV 89107
My passion in the therapy field began with my interest in substance abuse/addictions where I have over 20 years of experience working amongst diverse populations in individual, group and family settings to promote healthy coping and lifestyle changes with children, adolescents and adults. I am licensed in Nevada with 10 years of professional work experience in helping clients coping with stress, depression, anxiety, loss/grief, PTSD/trauma, relationship & attachment issues, marital/family of origin issues and abandonment, abuse and neglect.
My passion in the therapy field began with my interest in substance abuse/addictions where I have over 20 years of experience working amongst diverse populations in individual, group and family settings to promote healthy coping and lifestyle changes with children, adolescents and adults. I am licensed in Nevada with 10 years of professional work experience in helping clients coping with stress, depression, anxiety, loss/grief, PTSD/trauma, relationship & attachment issues, marital/family of origin issues and abandonment, abuse and neglect.
(725) 208-5529 View (725) 208-5529
Photo of Dominique Montenegro, MS, CPC-I, LPC Intern
Dominique Montenegro
LPC Intern, MS, CPC-I
Verified Verified
Online Only
Looking for a therapist is more than just a search on a website. It is a bold act of courage, demonstrating great power in letting go of the familiar. That alone is an admirable action. Receiving therapy is a personal and unique process. No two people are alike and there is no specific formula designed for healing. I offer a safe space that will allow you to fully explore yourself from within and open to your own innate wisdom. I demonstrate warmth and compassion in my work and encourage a sense of humor when necessary.
Looking for a therapist is more than just a search on a website. It is a bold act of courage, demonstrating great power in letting go of the familiar. That alone is an admirable action. Receiving therapy is a personal and unique process. No two people are alike and there is no specific formula designed for healing. I offer a safe space that will allow you to fully explore yourself from within and open to your own innate wisdom. I demonstrate warmth and compassion in my work and encourage a sense of humor when necessary.
(702) 690-9375 View (702) 690-9375
Photo of Katelyn Mullett, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Katelyn Mullett
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Las Vegas, NV 89107
I am here to empower individuals to achieve self-sustainability and growth in all areas of their lives by identifying one's unique strengths and weakness through in-person and virtual therapy. My role is to be a guide by providing the tools and support necessary to allow clients to navigate their personal journeys to the healthiest extent possible. I strive to use a client-centered approach, where I create a safe and supportive space that allows clients to make informed decisions by tapping into their own experiences.
I am here to empower individuals to achieve self-sustainability and growth in all areas of their lives by identifying one's unique strengths and weakness through in-person and virtual therapy. My role is to be a guide by providing the tools and support necessary to allow clients to navigate their personal journeys to the healthiest extent possible. I strive to use a client-centered approach, where I create a safe and supportive space that allows clients to make informed decisions by tapping into their own experiences.
(702) 224-2068 View (702) 224-2068
Photo of Stephen M Thornton, MFT, Intern, Marriage & Family Therapist Intern
Stephen M Thornton
Marriage & Family Therapist Intern, MFT, Intern
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Las Vegas, NV 89107
I help clients turn challenge into transformation. I am an expert in healing past trauma, which often shows up as anxiety or depression, a personality disorder or a dysfunctional relationship. My approach is compassionate and person-centered, focused on helping you grow into the next best version of yourself. The interventions I use are evidence-based, so you can be confident you are receiving the most effective treatment. I work primarily with adults, couples, and teenagers. I work with children on a limited basis if the caregivers are willing to participate in treatment. I am very LGBTQIA+ supportive and sex-positve.
I help clients turn challenge into transformation. I am an expert in healing past trauma, which often shows up as anxiety or depression, a personality disorder or a dysfunctional relationship. My approach is compassionate and person-centered, focused on helping you grow into the next best version of yourself. The interventions I use are evidence-based, so you can be confident you are receiving the most effective treatment. I work primarily with adults, couples, and teenagers. I work with children on a limited basis if the caregivers are willing to participate in treatment. I am very LGBTQIA+ supportive and sex-positve.
(702) 872-2563 View (702) 872-2563
Photo of Tracy S Moore - Dr. Moore's Tele-Therapy, LLC, MFT-I, PsyD, Marriage & Family Therapist Intern
Dr. Moore's Tele-Therapy, LLC
Marriage & Family Therapist Intern, MFT-I, PsyD
Verified Verified
Online Only
Dr. Moore's Tele-Therapy, LLC is dedicated to creating a positive, healthy atmosphere for all patients. An environment that promotes academic, career, personal and social development. Whatever your situation, no matter how desperate things might seem, no matter what has happened in your past--you can experience a better life. If something in your life is not how you want it to be, and you want to experience change, make an appointment now.
Dr. Moore's Tele-Therapy, LLC is dedicated to creating a positive, healthy atmosphere for all patients. An environment that promotes academic, career, personal and social development. Whatever your situation, no matter how desperate things might seem, no matter what has happened in your past--you can experience a better life. If something in your life is not how you want it to be, and you want to experience change, make an appointment now.
(702) 935-6316 View (702) 935-6316
Photo of Dawn N Riggs, PhD, Psychologist
Dawn N Riggs
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Online Only
Waitlist for new clients
Most of my clients have reached a point at which their lives have become uncomfortable & maybe even untenable. They may be nervous about embarking on the therapeutic journey with a stranger. Often, this is their first experience with therapy. Or, perhaps, they have been in therapy on & off throughout their lives. Because this is new & anxiety-provoking, we move slowly at first. My clients do not want to be pushed into talking about trauma or uncomfortable life events until they are ready. I respect & honor that. Most people want to move at their own pace & will tell me what that means. As trust grows, we are able to begin healing.
Most of my clients have reached a point at which their lives have become uncomfortable & maybe even untenable. They may be nervous about embarking on the therapeutic journey with a stranger. Often, this is their first experience with therapy. Or, perhaps, they have been in therapy on & off throughout their lives. Because this is new & anxiety-provoking, we move slowly at first. My clients do not want to be pushed into talking about trauma or uncomfortable life events until they are ready. I respect & honor that. Most people want to move at their own pace & will tell me what that means. As trust grows, we are able to begin healing.
(775) 238-9423 View (775) 238-9423
Photo of Michele Ramey - Michele Ramey at MRTherapy Wellness Space LLC, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Michele Ramey at MRTherapy Wellness Space LLC
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Online Only
You're constantly in the spotlight, struggling with loneliness despite your success, and fighting impostor syndrome amidst the relentless pressure to excel. Unresolved traumas and internal conflicts shadow your achievements, leaving you overwhelmed, stressed, and battling recurring fears of inadequacy. You've tried therapy and self-help but didn't get positive results. You crave tailored guidance that understands the weight of your past, the demands of your present, and the uncertainty of your future, to find solid boundaries and peace of mind. You seek clarity, real results, meaningful progress, and tailored guidance.
You're constantly in the spotlight, struggling with loneliness despite your success, and fighting impostor syndrome amidst the relentless pressure to excel. Unresolved traumas and internal conflicts shadow your achievements, leaving you overwhelmed, stressed, and battling recurring fears of inadequacy. You've tried therapy and self-help but didn't get positive results. You crave tailored guidance that understands the weight of your past, the demands of your present, and the uncertainty of your future, to find solid boundaries and peace of mind. You seek clarity, real results, meaningful progress, and tailored guidance.
(702) 829-6641 View (702) 829-6641
Photo of Lacey Campbell, CPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Lacey Campbell
Licensed Professional Counselor, CPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Las Vegas, NV 89107
Do you feel like a lingering weight on your shoulders that keeps you feeling drained, less interested and not your best self? At times, it can seem as though we cannot achieve what we want. Sometimes our thoughts, feelings or our behaviors get in the way and we need someone to offer skills and techniques to help us manage life stressors. Let’s move through, instead of around, emotional pain. Let me help you address underlying issues that influence current self-sabotaging or unhelpful behaviors.
Do you feel like a lingering weight on your shoulders that keeps you feeling drained, less interested and not your best self? At times, it can seem as though we cannot achieve what we want. Sometimes our thoughts, feelings or our behaviors get in the way and we need someone to offer skills and techniques to help us manage life stressors. Let’s move through, instead of around, emotional pain. Let me help you address underlying issues that influence current self-sabotaging or unhelpful behaviors.
(702) 710-6279 View (702) 710-6279
1

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in 89107

30+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in 89107 who prioritize treating:

91% Depression
86% Anxiety
74% Self Esteem
74% Stress
71% Trauma and PTSD
71% Life Transitions
69% Grief

Average years in practice

9 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

80% Aetna
68% Cigna and Evernorth
60% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in 89107 see their clients

60% In Person and Online
40% Online Only

Gender breakdown

82% Female
15% Male
3% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in 89107?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.