Photo of Amber C. Walker - Healing In Color Counseling Services, PLLC, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, CAADC, ADS
Healing In Color Counseling Services, PLLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, CAADC, ADS
Verified Verified
7 Endorsed
Kalamazoo, MI 49009
Sometimes we find ourselves in a whirlwind, looking for a place that is safe to express ourselves and our needs. Here is that place...a place where you can find peace to resolve the crushing feelings of hurt, pain, and being misunderstood. Imagine a day when you are able to navigate through life effectively, communicate your needs, and accomplish your goals with less anxiety, less depression, and less anger. Awesome right? It is our intent to help guide adolescents, families, and individuals in learning healthy communication and healthy coping skills to incorporate into their daily lives. Let's learn together.
Sometimes we find ourselves in a whirlwind, looking for a place that is safe to express ourselves and our needs. Here is that place...a place where you can find peace to resolve the crushing feelings of hurt, pain, and being misunderstood. Imagine a day when you are able to navigate through life effectively, communicate your needs, and accomplish your goals with less anxiety, less depression, and less anger. Awesome right? It is our intent to help guide adolescents, families, and individuals in learning healthy communication and healthy coping skills to incorporate into their daily lives. Let's learn together.
(269) 795-6914 View (269) 795-6914
Photo of Lisa M. Bailey, Counselor, LLPC
Lisa M. Bailey
Counselor, LLPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Kalamazoo, MI 49009
A positive vibe between therapist and client is key to successful progress in therapy. A rich investment in yourself, relationships, and the quality of your life begin in an environment that is your own, where we work together to bring into focus a life that aligns with your deep authentic values as an individual, partner in a relationship, caregiver, family member, colleague, and friend. I work with young adults, college students, adults and couples, who are navigating growth and life transitions of any kind. My muse is human connections, and I truly love bridging compassion and understanding.
A positive vibe between therapist and client is key to successful progress in therapy. A rich investment in yourself, relationships, and the quality of your life begin in an environment that is your own, where we work together to bring into focus a life that aligns with your deep authentic values as an individual, partner in a relationship, caregiver, family member, colleague, and friend. I work with young adults, college students, adults and couples, who are navigating growth and life transitions of any kind. My muse is human connections, and I truly love bridging compassion and understanding.
(269) 390-8920 View (269) 390-8920
Photo of Shannon Renee Birkhold, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LLP, LPC
Shannon Renee Birkhold
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LLP, LPC
Verified Verified
Online Only
Life's challenges can become overwhelming and we can feel anxious, hopeless, depressed, and simply stuck.
Life's challenges can become overwhelming and we can feel anxious, hopeless, depressed, and simply stuck.
(269) 775-4440 View (269) 775-4440
Photo of Madelynn Lauck, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LLMSW
Madelynn Lauck
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LLMSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Kalamazoo, MI 49009
Is it hard to manage emotions or not sure how to process what’s happening in your body? Has it been hard to cope with the impacts of anxiety, self-esteem, life transitions, relationship struggles, trauma or general stressors? I am passionate about working alongside you as we gain understanding of challenges and identify root causes. We will work together to explore helpful solutions and coping skills. I work with individuals on alleviating anxious thoughts and distressing behaviors, exploring/ healing attachment styles, relationship stressors and increasing positive self-worth and understanding.
Is it hard to manage emotions or not sure how to process what’s happening in your body? Has it been hard to cope with the impacts of anxiety, self-esteem, life transitions, relationship struggles, trauma or general stressors? I am passionate about working alongside you as we gain understanding of challenges and identify root causes. We will work together to explore helpful solutions and coping skills. I work with individuals on alleviating anxious thoughts and distressing behaviors, exploring/ healing attachment styles, relationship stressors and increasing positive self-worth and understanding.
(269) 895-6086 View (269) 895-6086
Photo of Jenna Cooperrider, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Jenna Cooperrider
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
Kalamazoo, MI 49009
They say practice makes perfect in sports. The same goes for our mental health. Increasing our mind's strength through regular therapy and skill practicing can help make us stronger and better at navigating life's challenges. My goal as your therapist is to help you reach your goals by understanding you as an individual and utilizing skill practicing and thought challenging. I want to help you better understand yourself and build skills to thrive. I use philosophies from DBT and CBT and growth mindset ideals in our sessions together. I believe self care maintenance is a key component to mental clarity and want to help you learn to t
They say practice makes perfect in sports. The same goes for our mental health. Increasing our mind's strength through regular therapy and skill practicing can help make us stronger and better at navigating life's challenges. My goal as your therapist is to help you reach your goals by understanding you as an individual and utilizing skill practicing and thought challenging. I want to help you better understand yourself and build skills to thrive. I use philosophies from DBT and CBT and growth mindset ideals in our sessions together. I believe self care maintenance is a key component to mental clarity and want to help you learn to t
(269) 442-3816 View (269) 442-3816
Photo of Megan Hildebrandt, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA
Megan Hildebrandt
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Kalamazoo, MI 49009
The early years of a person’s life can provide the structure and foundation that shapes how they view the world around them, and how they view themselves. Giving someone the opportunity and tools to identify, process and embrace their thoughts and feelings can make all the difference in supporting someone in becoming who they will be. I specialize in helping children to learn how to embrace and cope with their strong emotions, behavioral struggles, and life changes using play therapy techniques and a strengths-based approach.
The early years of a person’s life can provide the structure and foundation that shapes how they view the world around them, and how they view themselves. Giving someone the opportunity and tools to identify, process and embrace their thoughts and feelings can make all the difference in supporting someone in becoming who they will be. I specialize in helping children to learn how to embrace and cope with their strong emotions, behavioral struggles, and life changes using play therapy techniques and a strengths-based approach.
(269) 399-4502 View (269) 399-4502
Photo of Thomasina Guidry, Counselor, MA, MBA, LLPC
Thomasina Guidry
Counselor, MA, MBA, LLPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Online Only
What situation qualifies for counseling? My answer to that is being human. Many believe that counseling is only necessary for major life events. The truth is you do not have to be on the high end of the stress spectrum to seek professional support. Life can be hard. Counseling provides a supportive and nonjudgmental space to process all circumstances.
What situation qualifies for counseling? My answer to that is being human. Many believe that counseling is only necessary for major life events. The truth is you do not have to be on the high end of the stress spectrum to seek professional support. Life can be hard. Counseling provides a supportive and nonjudgmental space to process all circumstances.
(269) 367-2017 View (269) 367-2017
Photo of David Moore - David Moore Counseling Services , Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW, LCSW
David Moore Counseling Services
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Kalamazoo, MI 49009
Life has many joys as well as sorrows. It's important to stay connected and take special care of your self and seeking help when you need or want it is a good thing. Some areas I have helped people with include recovery from PTSD, divorce, death of a loved one, dealing with depression and anxiety, self-improvement, goal setting, life coaching and developing relationship and communication skills.
Life has many joys as well as sorrows. It's important to stay connected and take special care of your self and seeking help when you need or want it is a good thing. Some areas I have helped people with include recovery from PTSD, divorce, death of a loved one, dealing with depression and anxiety, self-improvement, goal setting, life coaching and developing relationship and communication skills.
(269) 421-0094 View (269) 421-0094
Photo of Lynnette Lubinski Matar, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC, LLP
Lynnette Lubinski Matar
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC, LLP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Online Only
As a therapist I have been counseling children, adolescents and young adults in the Kalamazoo area for more than 21 years. My expertise is helping clients and families deal with depression and anxiety, skill-building, improving relationships and communication, healing from trauma and building on each individual’s personal strengths. I believe an integrative approach is best practice, tailored to each client. My goal as a therapist is to work together with clients, using creative and engaging activities, all in a safe, relaxed and non-judgmental setting to achieve their goals.
As a therapist I have been counseling children, adolescents and young adults in the Kalamazoo area for more than 21 years. My expertise is helping clients and families deal with depression and anxiety, skill-building, improving relationships and communication, healing from trauma and building on each individual’s personal strengths. I believe an integrative approach is best practice, tailored to each client. My goal as a therapist is to work together with clients, using creative and engaging activities, all in a safe, relaxed and non-judgmental setting to achieve their goals.
(269) 231-8537 View (269) 231-8537
Photo of Jill K Therrien, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA
Jill K Therrien
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA
Verified Verified
Kalamazoo, MI 49009
"Be patient with everything unresolved in your heart". -Rilke. I offer a safe place for clients to explore the dimensions of their experience, while learning skills and updated coping strategies to aid in their sense of wellness. Each session is an opportunity to reflect, connect, and express what is unresolved in their experience. Through an integrative process we will create pathways towards liberation by honoring change and learning new ways to tend to your experience.
"Be patient with everything unresolved in your heart". -Rilke. I offer a safe place for clients to explore the dimensions of their experience, while learning skills and updated coping strategies to aid in their sense of wellness. Each session is an opportunity to reflect, connect, and express what is unresolved in their experience. Through an integrative process we will create pathways towards liberation by honoring change and learning new ways to tend to your experience.
(269) 386-6048 View (269) 386-6048
Photo of Samantha Chilcote Ritenburgh, Limited Licensed Psychologist, MA MLP
Samantha Chilcote Ritenburgh
Limited Licensed Psychologist, MA MLP
Verified Verified
Online Only
I believe in order to make changes in our lives, we must first examine the impact that past relationships, experiences, and environments have had on us. The therapeutic process allows us to examine and process how things that have happened to us can impact who we are as individuals and integrate the past into who we are in the present. The therapeutic relationship can help us to identify sources of resilience and strength that can help us to overcome past negative experiences. By connecting our past with who we are in the present, we can start the process of change.
I believe in order to make changes in our lives, we must first examine the impact that past relationships, experiences, and environments have had on us. The therapeutic process allows us to examine and process how things that have happened to us can impact who we are as individuals and integrate the past into who we are in the present. The therapeutic relationship can help us to identify sources of resilience and strength that can help us to overcome past negative experiences. By connecting our past with who we are in the present, we can start the process of change.
(269) 225-3211 View (269) 225-3211
Photo of Alec Sullivan, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LLMSW
Alec Sullivan
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LLMSW
Verified Verified
Kalamazoo, MI 49009
Life is challenging enough—navigating change shouldn’t feel impossible. My role is to collaborate with you to create practical, meaningful strategies that lead to sustainable change. Sometimes, our bodies or mental health conditions create distress in our lives. Other times, life’s challenges take a toll on our physical and mental well-being. How do we break free from this cycle? Well, we work on it. I specialize in working with individuals and families adjusting to chronic illness, facing difficulties with daily activities—such as eating, sleeping, toileting—or struggling to stay on track with their treatment/educational plans.
Life is challenging enough—navigating change shouldn’t feel impossible. My role is to collaborate with you to create practical, meaningful strategies that lead to sustainable change. Sometimes, our bodies or mental health conditions create distress in our lives. Other times, life’s challenges take a toll on our physical and mental well-being. How do we break free from this cycle? Well, we work on it. I specialize in working with individuals and families adjusting to chronic illness, facing difficulties with daily activities—such as eating, sleeping, toileting—or struggling to stay on track with their treatment/educational plans.
(269) 241-4094 View (269) 241-4094
Photo of Andrew Rajzer - Andrew Rajzer - Mind Grove Therapy Services, PLLC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Andrew Rajzer - Mind Grove Therapy Services, PLLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Kalamazoo, MI 49009
As a compassionate and experienced therapist, I am dedicated to providing a safe, supportive space where you can explore your thoughts and emotions without judgment. With extensive training in evidence-based approaches, I specialize in helping individuals navigate a wide range of challenges, including trauma, anxiety, depression, relationship difficulties, and personal growth. My goal is to guide you toward healing, resilience, and greater self-understanding, empowering you with the tools and insights needed to overcome obstacles and build a more fulfilling life.
As a compassionate and experienced therapist, I am dedicated to providing a safe, supportive space where you can explore your thoughts and emotions without judgment. With extensive training in evidence-based approaches, I specialize in helping individuals navigate a wide range of challenges, including trauma, anxiety, depression, relationship difficulties, and personal growth. My goal is to guide you toward healing, resilience, and greater self-understanding, empowering you with the tools and insights needed to overcome obstacles and build a more fulfilling life.
(269) 682-1022 View (269) 682-1022
Photo of Kimberly Jermyn, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW-C
Kimberly Jermyn
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW-C
Verified Verified
Kalamazoo, MI 49009
As a child and family therapist, I focus on supporting children, teenagers, and parents in enhancing their relationships and overall happiness. My main objective is establishing a secure and encouraging environment where my clients can address difficulties and develop deeper bonds. Through therapy, I strive to assist families in communicating more effectively, gaining a better understanding of one another, and nurturing positive relationships for long-lasting growth and well-being. Child and family therapy can be tailored to address either individual or family goals, depending on the specific needs and dynamics of the clients.
As a child and family therapist, I focus on supporting children, teenagers, and parents in enhancing their relationships and overall happiness. My main objective is establishing a secure and encouraging environment where my clients can address difficulties and develop deeper bonds. Through therapy, I strive to assist families in communicating more effectively, gaining a better understanding of one another, and nurturing positive relationships for long-lasting growth and well-being. Child and family therapy can be tailored to address either individual or family goals, depending on the specific needs and dynamics of the clients.
(269) 430-4308 View (269) 430-4308
Photo of Amber Jaramillo, Limited Licensed Psychologist, MA, MLP
Amber Jaramillo
Limited Licensed Psychologist, MA, MLP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Ambivalence is what we experience when having mixed feelings about something or someone. Does this describe you? If so, you are in good company. Ambivalence is the reason most people enter into therapy. Many feel torn when it comes to making change, and for good reason. It's hard letting go of familiar relationships or ways of coping- no matter how destructive. If you're yearning to break free of harmful ways, but afraid to embrace the uncertainty of change, you do not have to go it alone.
Ambivalence is what we experience when having mixed feelings about something or someone. Does this describe you? If so, you are in good company. Ambivalence is the reason most people enter into therapy. Many feel torn when it comes to making change, and for good reason. It's hard letting go of familiar relationships or ways of coping- no matter how destructive. If you're yearning to break free of harmful ways, but afraid to embrace the uncertainty of change, you do not have to go it alone.
(269) 820-0150 View (269) 820-0150
Photo of Lukas Pederson, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Lukas Pederson
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Kalamazoo, MI 49009
I have worked as an LPC for 17 years, much of it based in a school. I work with teens, parents, adults, and families and I am LGBTQIA+ affirming. I am committed to helping those who are struggling with depression, anxiety, self-esteem, self-harm, lack of motivation, life transitions, and other related challenges. I love to help clients find the best way to meet their own personal goals in a way that works best for them as an individual.
I have worked as an LPC for 17 years, much of it based in a school. I work with teens, parents, adults, and families and I am LGBTQIA+ affirming. I am committed to helping those who are struggling with depression, anxiety, self-esteem, self-harm, lack of motivation, life transitions, and other related challenges. I love to help clients find the best way to meet their own personal goals in a way that works best for them as an individual.
(269) 421-5357 View (269) 421-5357
Photo of Kristine Ann Briggs, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Kristine Ann Briggs
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Kalamazoo, MI 49009
I have more than eighteen (18) years of experience, working with children and adolescents struggling in school. I have helped numerous children and adolescents who suffer from severe behavior issues. My passion is helping a child learn the skills that they need to communicate and get along more effectively with others. I believe with the right tools any child can be more successful in school and their community. I enjoy helping children learn to better control their emotions and improve relationships within their families.
I have more than eighteen (18) years of experience, working with children and adolescents struggling in school. I have helped numerous children and adolescents who suffer from severe behavior issues. My passion is helping a child learn the skills that they need to communicate and get along more effectively with others. I believe with the right tools any child can be more successful in school and their community. I enjoy helping children learn to better control their emotions and improve relationships within their families.
(269) 220-6275 View (269) 220-6275
Photo of Ashley Outman-Bohne, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC , CAADC
Ashley Outman-Bohne
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC , CAADC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Kalamazoo, MI 49009
I approach therapy as a process of joining with my clients in dealing with difficult situations that they face. I will listen carefully and strive to provide an emotionally safe and nonjudgmental space to explore and work through your concerns. Experiencing a genuine connection in a relaxed atmosphere is an essential part of the therapy process. Whether you find yourself stuck in old patterns or life changes, I can provide support, discovery and insight that can help you move through painful issues to a life with more joy, meaning and peace.
I approach therapy as a process of joining with my clients in dealing with difficult situations that they face. I will listen carefully and strive to provide an emotionally safe and nonjudgmental space to explore and work through your concerns. Experiencing a genuine connection in a relaxed atmosphere is an essential part of the therapy process. Whether you find yourself stuck in old patterns or life changes, I can provide support, discovery and insight that can help you move through painful issues to a life with more joy, meaning and peace.
(269) 743-4845 View (269) 743-4845
Photo of Susan Vaughn, Counselor, MS, LLPC
Susan Vaughn
Counselor, MS, LLPC
Verified Verified
Kalamazoo, MI 49009
You have the ability to activate the change you seek. Like a river, your journey through life can at times be bumpy, going over several rocks, sticks and stones. It can overflow with excessive rainfall or dry up with no moisture. It can be shallow or deep. I believe in times of darkness the light is found within. Counseling can help you find peace inside yourself so that your river may never stop flowing. The counseling process is unique to every individual and is designed to encourage maximum growth within a supportive environment. Together we will identify goals and potential solutions to problems which cause emotional turmoil.
You have the ability to activate the change you seek. Like a river, your journey through life can at times be bumpy, going over several rocks, sticks and stones. It can overflow with excessive rainfall or dry up with no moisture. It can be shallow or deep. I believe in times of darkness the light is found within. Counseling can help you find peace inside yourself so that your river may never stop flowing. The counseling process is unique to every individual and is designed to encourage maximum growth within a supportive environment. Together we will identify goals and potential solutions to problems which cause emotional turmoil.
(269) 448-4252 View (269) 448-4252
Photo of Amie Murphy-Powers, Counselor, MA, LPC
Amie Murphy-Powers
Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Kalamazoo, MI 49009
Waitlist for new clients
Hello! Come sit, talk, and work on what you'd like to change/heal. I specialize in working with children and adults. I am trained to treat a variety of presenting concerns including anxiety/depression, the spectrum of trauma, neurodevelopmental disorders including ADHD and autism, mood disorders, women's issues, relationship concerns, infertility, grief, self-esteem, parenting, and various issues with life changes. Therapy is a collaborative journey, my approach is compassionate and tailored to meet your needs. My goal is to empower you with practical strategies and a deeper self-awareness to help you thrive.
Hello! Come sit, talk, and work on what you'd like to change/heal. I specialize in working with children and adults. I am trained to treat a variety of presenting concerns including anxiety/depression, the spectrum of trauma, neurodevelopmental disorders including ADHD and autism, mood disorders, women's issues, relationship concerns, infertility, grief, self-esteem, parenting, and various issues with life changes. Therapy is a collaborative journey, my approach is compassionate and tailored to meet your needs. My goal is to empower you with practical strategies and a deeper self-awareness to help you thrive.
(269) 367-8990 View (269) 367-8990
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See more therapy options for 49009

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in 49009

200+

Average cost per session

$160

Therapists in 49009 who prioritize treating:

94% Anxiety
90% Depression
77% Self Esteem
76% Relationship Issues
76% Coping Skills
73% Trauma and PTSD
72% Stress

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

96% BlueCross and BlueShield
72% Blue Care Network
70% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in 49009 see their clients

82% In Person and Online
18% Online Only

Gender breakdown

82% Female
17% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in 49009?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.