Therapists in 49009
![Photo of Lisa C Block, LMSW-C, Clinical Social Work/Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/d65dafe4-03fc-4a44-a5ca-9472264341ef/1/320x400.jpeg)
Lisa C Block
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW-C
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Kalamazoo, MI 49009
Waitlist for new clients
Life is hard and at times it can feel overwhelming and difficult to find answers. Therapy should be a non-judgmental space to explore challenges and possibilities and also to work on healing hurts, setting goals, and moving from a place of merely surviving to a place of independently thriving.
Life is hard and at times it can feel overwhelming and difficult to find answers. Therapy should be a non-judgmental space to explore challenges and possibilities and also to work on healing hurts, setting goals, and moving from a place of merely surviving to a place of independently thriving.
![Photo of Trevor Charbonneau, MLP, Limited Licensed Psychologist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/0e072081-3e7a-44db-a09f-37c244229894/3/320x400.jpeg)
When working with children, I strive to create a calm and inviting environment where children and adolescents feel safe enough to discuss trauma or any other concerns impacting their daily life. I believe therapy is a very personal experience that requires a non-judgmental, genuine, and compassionate relationship between client and therapist. I understand that building a truly effective, collaborative relationship must include transparency and openness. In therapy, I understand the connection between physiology, environment, and mental health.
When working with children, I strive to create a calm and inviting environment where children and adolescents feel safe enough to discuss trauma or any other concerns impacting their daily life. I believe therapy is a very personal experience that requires a non-judgmental, genuine, and compassionate relationship between client and therapist. I understand that building a truly effective, collaborative relationship must include transparency and openness. In therapy, I understand the connection between physiology, environment, and mental health.
![Photo of Heather L. Huber, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/a573e09b-933d-4dfa-880e-822a888380f8/1/320x400.jpeg)
Heather L. Huber
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Kalamazoo, MI 49009
Life gets difficult. I'm here to offer support in a safe and relational way. I will listen to everything you are going through and we will work together to figure out tools and strategies that suit you so that you can move forward to meet your goals.
Life gets difficult. I'm here to offer support in a safe and relational way. I will listen to everything you are going through and we will work together to figure out tools and strategies that suit you so that you can move forward to meet your goals.
![Photo of Leah Hoekstra, LMSW, CAADC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/132da5c9-89f3-482c-a748-9bf67bb3eb2e/1/320x400.jpeg)
Leah Hoekstra
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW, CAADC
Verified Verified
Kalamazoo, MI 49009 (Online Only)
Life can be challenging at times. Trying to make sense and work through painful and difficult life experiences can often seem like a daunting task. Whether you are struggling with day to day stress, anxiety, depression, relationship issues or behaviors that interfere with you living the life that you desire, my practice provides a safe and warm environment where you can identify personal goals, engage in meaningful therapy and find resolution and healing. Empathy and sensitivity to your struggles are key components of my work. This first step towards change solidifies your courage and innate potential toward intentional living.
Life can be challenging at times. Trying to make sense and work through painful and difficult life experiences can often seem like a daunting task. Whether you are struggling with day to day stress, anxiety, depression, relationship issues or behaviors that interfere with you living the life that you desire, my practice provides a safe and warm environment where you can identify personal goals, engage in meaningful therapy and find resolution and healing. Empathy and sensitivity to your struggles are key components of my work. This first step towards change solidifies your courage and innate potential toward intentional living.
![Photo of Christy Heffron, LMSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/4f7ab948-46cd-11ea-a6ad-06142c356176/3/320x400.jpeg)
It is important to me that I offer a safe, respectful and confidential environment for clients as they process challenges in their lives. I believe that every individual has the ability to recognize their internal self-worth, which external factors often impede. I believe in focusing on the person as a whole, with attention to the emotional, physical, and spiritual components of wellness. I have a great deal of respect for my clients, and I recognize the strength it takes to address concerns and seek assistance. It is my goal to offer encouragement and support as clients work towards making positive changes to their lives.
It is important to me that I offer a safe, respectful and confidential environment for clients as they process challenges in their lives. I believe that every individual has the ability to recognize their internal self-worth, which external factors often impede. I believe in focusing on the person as a whole, with attention to the emotional, physical, and spiritual components of wellness. I have a great deal of respect for my clients, and I recognize the strength it takes to address concerns and seek assistance. It is my goal to offer encouragement and support as clients work towards making positive changes to their lives.
![Photo of Elizabeth Terrel, Pre-Licensed Professional](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/ff8365ef-d6df-4b6b-acbe-6d01ddef4993/1/320x400.jpeg)
What is needed to overcome a challenge, or simply find a more joyful way of living, is often someone who can help us look at things from another angle. Whether working to transform your relationship or on a personal growth path, a different perspective can be life-changing. When faced with challenges, it can be hard to know where to turn. This is a new chapter for me - as an educator/artist, I'm now earning a graduate degree in counseling. I understand what it is to navigate change - it can be exciting and scary! I am passionate about supporting others through choice points and transitions to help them create their favorite lives.
What is needed to overcome a challenge, or simply find a more joyful way of living, is often someone who can help us look at things from another angle. Whether working to transform your relationship or on a personal growth path, a different perspective can be life-changing. When faced with challenges, it can be hard to know where to turn. This is a new chapter for me - as an educator/artist, I'm now earning a graduate degree in counseling. I understand what it is to navigate change - it can be exciting and scary! I am passionate about supporting others through choice points and transitions to help them create their favorite lives.
![Photo of Ray Brandon, MA, LLC, NCC, Licensed Professional Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/3a47d94f-eb48-420d-9009-38c484857171/2/320x400.jpeg)
The most important relationships in our lives can often feel the most challenging. Clients who come to me often feel "stuck" in their relationships with a spouse or family member. They seek guidance on how to strengthen their connections, foster closeness, and reduce conflict.
The most important relationships in our lives can often feel the most challenging. Clients who come to me often feel "stuck" in their relationships with a spouse or family member. They seek guidance on how to strengthen their connections, foster closeness, and reduce conflict.
![Photo of Kim Hayward, MA, LPC, SCL, Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/00cc828c-900a-430f-a5bf-f890dbc056ca/2/320x400.jpeg)
Immediate availability. Finding a therapist is about building a relationship with someone you can trust. Beginning the process can be overwhelming and intimidating, but in reaching out, your journey has already begun. I believe in an eclectic approach to meet each person’s individual needs. I have trained in Brainspotting, Art Therapy, Person Centered and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy. Through our work together, my goal is to provide a warm, caring atmosphere infused with a bit of laughter.
Immediate availability. Finding a therapist is about building a relationship with someone you can trust. Beginning the process can be overwhelming and intimidating, but in reaching out, your journey has already begun. I believe in an eclectic approach to meet each person’s individual needs. I have trained in Brainspotting, Art Therapy, Person Centered and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy. Through our work together, my goal is to provide a warm, caring atmosphere infused with a bit of laughter.
![Photo of Lisa M. Bailey, LLPC, Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/b95f8249-79a8-47d6-ab23-1a873502ac51/3/320x400.jpeg)
A positive vibe between therapist and client is key to successful progress in therapy. A rich investment in yourself, relationships, and the quality of your life begin in an environment that is your own, where we work together to bring into focus a life that aligns with your deep authentic values as an individual, partner in a relationship, caregiver, family member, colleague, and friend. I work with individual adults and couples, inclusive of the LGBTQ community, and clients who are navigating growth and life transitions of any kind. My muse is human connections and I truly love bridging compassion and understanding.
A positive vibe between therapist and client is key to successful progress in therapy. A rich investment in yourself, relationships, and the quality of your life begin in an environment that is your own, where we work together to bring into focus a life that aligns with your deep authentic values as an individual, partner in a relationship, caregiver, family member, colleague, and friend. I work with individual adults and couples, inclusive of the LGBTQ community, and clients who are navigating growth and life transitions of any kind. My muse is human connections and I truly love bridging compassion and understanding.
![Photo of Brigette Sitarski, LPC, CAADC, Licensed Professional Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/4a9bc55d-ba0f-4dc9-b331-9cb7d76a6da8/1/320x400.jpeg)
Brigette Sitarski
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, CAADC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Kalamazoo, MI 49009
I approach counseling as a partnership. I will work alongside you, help you sort through difficulties, and move forward. Together we can unravel issues preventing you from optimizing your full potential. I strive to understand each unique perspective and encourage action guided by your values.
I approach counseling as a partnership. I will work alongside you, help you sort through difficulties, and move forward. Together we can unravel issues preventing you from optimizing your full potential. I strive to understand each unique perspective and encourage action guided by your values.
![Photo of Leslie Johnsen - Child & Family Psychological Services, MA, LLP, Limited Licensed Psychologist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/a3cfb36e-3b7e-4b84-a7fd-cb3ec967a1c6/1/320x400.png)
Child & Family Psychological Services
Limited Licensed Psychologist, MA, LLP
Verified Verified
Kalamazoo, MI 49009
Child & Family Psychological Services is a full-service private practice offering psychological and counseling services in Kalamazoo, Portage, and Battle Creek and teletherapy services throughout Michigan. Our clients are all ages, from all walks of life and come to us with a wide range of concerns. If you need help getting to a better place in your life, we invite you to learn more about our professional services, areas of expertise and clinical staff. At CFPS, we like to say It’s About Relationships. Because how happy we are in our relationships — both with others and with ourselves — largely determines how happy we are in life.
Child & Family Psychological Services is a full-service private practice offering psychological and counseling services in Kalamazoo, Portage, and Battle Creek and teletherapy services throughout Michigan. Our clients are all ages, from all walks of life and come to us with a wide range of concerns. If you need help getting to a better place in your life, we invite you to learn more about our professional services, areas of expertise and clinical staff. At CFPS, we like to say It’s About Relationships. Because how happy we are in our relationships — both with others and with ourselves — largely determines how happy we are in life.
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![Photo of Michelle Simmons, LLMSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/967fc900-6a62-4f0a-91ff-e939afa58d4b/2/320x400.jpeg)
Michelle Simmons
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LLMSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Kalamazoo, MI 49009
Not accepting new clients
I am passionate about helping others on their journey to recovery and healing. My specialties include addiction, alcoholism, trauma, anxiety, depression, and phobias.
I am passionate about helping others on their journey to recovery and healing. My specialties include addiction, alcoholism, trauma, anxiety, depression, and phobias.
![Photo of Jessica Hansen, MA, LPC, LMFT, Licensed Professional Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/6d6b6d5e-a484-4549-814b-97a477799f92/3/320x400.jpeg)
Jessica Hansen
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, LMFT
Verified Verified
Kalamazoo, MI 49009
Waitlist for new clients
I consider being a therapist a unique privilege. For someone to meet a complete stranger, feel safe enough to take risks, and disclose very personal details of one's life takes great courage and commitment to one's self. I believe in creating a safe, confidential environment free of judgment and one of trust and acceptance. My mission is to help individuals, couples, and families achieve the goals they set for themselves as they seek to be healthier, happier, and create a new life path and, perhaps, a new life story.
I consider being a therapist a unique privilege. For someone to meet a complete stranger, feel safe enough to take risks, and disclose very personal details of one's life takes great courage and commitment to one's self. I believe in creating a safe, confidential environment free of judgment and one of trust and acceptance. My mission is to help individuals, couples, and families achieve the goals they set for themselves as they seek to be healthier, happier, and create a new life path and, perhaps, a new life story.
![Photo of Erin Vlietstra, LMSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/85fa3726-46aa-4f8a-b92f-c0d782bfbc55/2/320x400.jpeg)
Erin Vlietstra
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Kalamazoo, MI 49009
Waitlist for new clients
Life is hard, and I’m here to help. As a therapist, I believe by making conscious choices we have the power to make purposeful change. If you're feeling anxious, sad, overwhelmed, or angry, I'm here for you. Sometimes we avoid our troubles, but they always seem to catch up one way or another. I want to walk alongside you through this season of life and guide you to the best version of yourself.
Life is hard, and I’m here to help. As a therapist, I believe by making conscious choices we have the power to make purposeful change. If you're feeling anxious, sad, overwhelmed, or angry, I'm here for you. Sometimes we avoid our troubles, but they always seem to catch up one way or another. I want to walk alongside you through this season of life and guide you to the best version of yourself.
![Photo of Jasmine Granville, Clinical Social Work/Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/9f04b1da-9b8b-4a5b-a932-ee4f18cf4a21/2/320x400.png)
Jasmine Granville
Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Verified Verified
Kalamazoo, MI 49009 (Online Only)
I’ve worked in many capacities including corrections, child welfare, health care, and more. The complexities of substance abuse, sexual trauma, dysfunction within a family, and mental health are some of many issues that individuals I’ve worked along side have faced. Through those different journeys, I found I really enjoy helping people! Going thru some of the darkest times of your life shouldn’t be spent alone. I love providing a safe space, one without judgement or worry to others while guiding them with evidence-based practices.
I’ve worked in many capacities including corrections, child welfare, health care, and more. The complexities of substance abuse, sexual trauma, dysfunction within a family, and mental health are some of many issues that individuals I’ve worked along side have faced. Through those different journeys, I found I really enjoy helping people! Going thru some of the darkest times of your life shouldn’t be spent alone. I love providing a safe space, one without judgement or worry to others while guiding them with evidence-based practices.
![Photo of David Moore - David Moore Counseling Services , LMSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/55dd3c8e-f75f-4d82-b08e-c6d43b5516b0/1/320x400.png)
David Moore Counseling Services
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Kalamazoo, MI 49009
Life has many joys as well as sorrows. It's important to stay connected and take special care of your self and seeking help when you need or want it is a good thing. Some areas I have helped people with include recovery from PTSD, divorce, death of a loved one, dealing with depression and anxiety, self-improvement, goal setting, life coaching and developing relationship and communication skills.
Life has many joys as well as sorrows. It's important to stay connected and take special care of your self and seeking help when you need or want it is a good thing. Some areas I have helped people with include recovery from PTSD, divorce, death of a loved one, dealing with depression and anxiety, self-improvement, goal setting, life coaching and developing relationship and communication skills.
![Photo of Kim Yore, MS, LPC, NCC, Licensed Professional Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/408a0f9f-46cd-11ea-a6ad-06142c356176/3/320x400.jpeg)
Kim Yore
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
Kalamazoo, MI 49009
Let's work together to problem solve, learn skills and strategies to achieve your ultimate goals. Through therapy and increased awareness we can identify possible obstacles in having the life you want as we explore and discover ways to increase happiness and success in areas that are important to you.
Let's work together to problem solve, learn skills and strategies to achieve your ultimate goals. Through therapy and increased awareness we can identify possible obstacles in having the life you want as we explore and discover ways to increase happiness and success in areas that are important to you.
![Photo of Julie M. Waldron, LPC, LLP, Licensed Professional Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/e1b18dcf-b448-4455-a2a2-334465383f43/2/320x400.jpeg)
Julie M. Waldron
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, LLP
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Kalamazoo, MI 49009
Not accepting new clients
Welcome to Hope & Healing Therapy Services, LLC, in Kalamazoo, MI. I offer compassionate care and practical support tailored to your needs. Practicing primarily from a trauma-informed, Cognitive Behavioral perspective, I strive to listen, teach and guide you through evidence-based treatment that involves taking a closer look at how thoughts, emotions and behaviors work together. Together we will make a plan to help you grow and heal. Grief, loss, anxiety, depression, trauma, post-traumatic stress disorder, life changes, relationships, identity & self-esteem are the concerns most commonly addressed in my practice.
Welcome to Hope & Healing Therapy Services, LLC, in Kalamazoo, MI. I offer compassionate care and practical support tailored to your needs. Practicing primarily from a trauma-informed, Cognitive Behavioral perspective, I strive to listen, teach and guide you through evidence-based treatment that involves taking a closer look at how thoughts, emotions and behaviors work together. Together we will make a plan to help you grow and heal. Grief, loss, anxiety, depression, trauma, post-traumatic stress disorder, life changes, relationships, identity & self-esteem are the concerns most commonly addressed in my practice.
![Photo of Haley Nelson, MA, LLPC, Pre-Licensed Professional](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/64075faf-e519-473a-ade3-41478a7d8339/2/320x400.png)
Haley Nelson
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, LLPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Kalamazoo, MI 49009 (Online Only)
I provide individual psychotherapy to clients who are experiencing distress in their lives. This includes children, adolescents, adults, and families struggling with issues such as depression, anxiety, mood disorders, life changes, and a wide range of psychosocial stressors. I am a graduate of University of Central Florida, Clinical Mental Health Counseling program, a top ten program in the nation. I have experience working in private practice and residential facilities treating severe and persistent mental illnesses. We will work together in defining your goals and figuring out how to approach obstacles you may be facing.
I provide individual psychotherapy to clients who are experiencing distress in their lives. This includes children, adolescents, adults, and families struggling with issues such as depression, anxiety, mood disorders, life changes, and a wide range of psychosocial stressors. I am a graduate of University of Central Florida, Clinical Mental Health Counseling program, a top ten program in the nation. I have experience working in private practice and residential facilities treating severe and persistent mental illnesses. We will work together in defining your goals and figuring out how to approach obstacles you may be facing.
![Photo of Andre J. Wayne, MA, LLP, Limited Licensed Psychologist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/a5c87507-2a38-47ef-a04a-a477f2981907/2/320x400.jpeg)
Are you feeling overwhelmed by depression, anxiety, trauma, personality disorders, or challenging behaviors? If you’re determined to overcome these hurdles and rediscover peace and joy, we can work together. My ideal client is someone ready to transform their struggles into strengths, eager to set and achieve meaningful goals, and committed to living a more mindful and fulfilling life. You seek to understand yourself better, build resilience, and cultivate positive change. Let’s navigate this journey together and unlock the potential for a happier, healthier you.
Are you feeling overwhelmed by depression, anxiety, trauma, personality disorders, or challenging behaviors? If you’re determined to overcome these hurdles and rediscover peace and joy, we can work together. My ideal client is someone ready to transform their struggles into strengths, eager to set and achieve meaningful goals, and committed to living a more mindful and fulfilling life. You seek to understand yourself better, build resilience, and cultivate positive change. Let’s navigate this journey together and unlock the potential for a happier, healthier you.
See more therapy options for 49009
How does your Therapist compare?
Number of Therapists in 49009
200+
Average cost per session
$160
Therapists in 49009 who prioritize treating:
95% | Anxiety |
92% | Depression |
79% | Relationship Issues |
77% | Self Esteem |
75% | Coping Skills |
75% | Stress |
71% | Trauma and PTSD |
Average years in practice
9 Years
Top 3 insurances accepted
94% | BlueCross and BlueShield |
71% | UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH |
69% | Blue Care Network |
How Therapists in 49009 see their clients
84% | In Person and Online | |
16% | Online Only |
Gender breakdown
79% | Female | |
20% | Male | |
1% | Non-Binary |
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling
How can I find a therapist in 49009?
Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.
Learn more about how to find a therapist
Learn more about how to find a therapist
Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?
The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.
Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.
Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.
What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?
Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.
Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.
Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.
What type of therapy is right for me?
The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.
How much does therapy cost?
The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.
What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?
Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.
Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?
Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.
Is online therapy a good option?
Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.
Are therapy sessions confidential?
Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.