Therapists in 05819
![Photo of Stephanie L Churchill, LMFT, MAMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/3bef52b4-46cd-11ea-a6ad-06142c356176/1/320x400.jpeg)
Stephanie L Churchill
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, MAMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Saint Johnsbury, VT 05819 (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
Everyone in a relationship experiences bumps in the road from time to time. I enjoy working with couples and families to help them smooth out those bumps and to improve the communication and intimacy in their relationship(s). I provide a relaxed atmosphere and lots of humor to help people reconnect with the people who are important in their lives. I am focused on strengths and will focus on what is going WELL in your life!
Everyone in a relationship experiences bumps in the road from time to time. I enjoy working with couples and families to help them smooth out those bumps and to improve the communication and intimacy in their relationship(s). I provide a relaxed atmosphere and lots of humor to help people reconnect with the people who are important in their lives. I am focused on strengths and will focus on what is going WELL in your life!
![Photo of Dean Corcoran, LMHC, LADC, Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/3d876cbd-46cd-11ea-a6ad-06142c356176/2/320x400.jpeg)
My goal in helping people is simple-To address the struggle or help you solve the problem that you present. This can take so many different shapes; mood, relationship difficulties, motivation problems, the need for referral for medication and much more. I try to personalize my attention to each individual.
My goal in helping people is simple-To address the struggle or help you solve the problem that you present. This can take so many different shapes; mood, relationship difficulties, motivation problems, the need for referral for medication and much more. I try to personalize my attention to each individual.
![Photo of Cecil H Hall, MS, LADC, NCC, Drug & Alcohol Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/cdcb8898-4452-42a6-b620-7154e6a247c4/2/320x400.jpeg)
Cecil H Hall
Drug & Alcohol Counselor, MS, LADC, NCC
Verified Verified
Saint Johnsbury, VT 05819 (Online Only)
Welcome. All human beings need help at times, and I believe it takes real courage and discipline to proceed on the path of getting therapy. People choose to seek therapy out of strength, not weakness. You now have, or can develop, the skills and potential you need to improve your life and more fully be the person you want to be. Therapy can help you uncover your inherent goodness and capabilities. Therapy can help provide you with a safe, supportive environment in which you can be free to share your fears, hopes, and vulnerabilities and work through them by tapping the wisdom and energy they hold. Good luck in your journey!
Welcome. All human beings need help at times, and I believe it takes real courage and discipline to proceed on the path of getting therapy. People choose to seek therapy out of strength, not weakness. You now have, or can develop, the skills and potential you need to improve your life and more fully be the person you want to be. Therapy can help you uncover your inherent goodness and capabilities. Therapy can help provide you with a safe, supportive environment in which you can be free to share your fears, hopes, and vulnerabilities and work through them by tapping the wisdom and energy they hold. Good luck in your journey!
![Photo of Christine Milne-O'Grady, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/66f8ff1a-0305-44bc-b1ef-28e80fabd0b3/2/320x400.jpeg)
Christine Milne-O'Grady
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Saint Johnsbury, VT 05819 (Online Only)
Please see my website for the most up-to-date information. I utilize strengths-based therapies to work with my clients to create customized sessions that build coping skills and replace maladaptive behaviors. I am mindful of the “person-in-environment” perspective, which acknowledges that each client and situation is different and shaped by environmental context. I like to meet the client where they are mentally and emotionally and work from that spot, understanding that growth is not always a linear process.
Please see my website for the most up-to-date information. I utilize strengths-based therapies to work with my clients to create customized sessions that build coping skills and replace maladaptive behaviors. I am mindful of the “person-in-environment” perspective, which acknowledges that each client and situation is different and shaped by environmental context. I like to meet the client where they are mentally and emotionally and work from that spot, understanding that growth is not always a linear process.
![Photo of Dr. David Helfand - Marriage Quest, PsyD, Psychologist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/297d616e-d645-4da2-971f-6c2bc12c9d2b/2/320x400.jpeg)
Is your marriage in trouble? Have you been trying to find a good solution and haven't found the right help yet? No one is ever taught how to be in a healthy romantic relationship, so it's not surprising that 50% of marriages end in divorce while another 30% of couples report significant challenges. If you have been struggling with communication issues, resentment, an affair, or a sexless marriage, then I can help. Unfortunately, almost half of the couples who get divorced report they regret it later. So before you make such an important decision about your future, let me help you give your marriage the best chance at success.
Is your marriage in trouble? Have you been trying to find a good solution and haven't found the right help yet? No one is ever taught how to be in a healthy romantic relationship, so it's not surprising that 50% of marriages end in divorce while another 30% of couples report significant challenges. If you have been struggling with communication issues, resentment, an affair, or a sexless marriage, then I can help. Unfortunately, almost half of the couples who get divorced report they regret it later. So before you make such an important decision about your future, let me help you give your marriage the best chance at success.
Our life experiences and how we feel can affect us deeply and sometimes we need some assistance or additional perspective to help get a little 'unstuck'. I believe all of us want to feel more connected, peace and enjoyment and that we have the ability to cultivate these qualities in our lives. I believe that we all have a natural desire to improve and bring about positive change in our lives. I have over twenty years of experience working collaboratively with adults, children and families. I am able to meet by video or in person at my office
Our life experiences and how we feel can affect us deeply and sometimes we need some assistance or additional perspective to help get a little 'unstuck'. I believe all of us want to feel more connected, peace and enjoyment and that we have the ability to cultivate these qualities in our lives. I believe that we all have a natural desire to improve and bring about positive change in our lives. I have over twenty years of experience working collaboratively with adults, children and families. I am able to meet by video or in person at my office
![Photo of Steve Waye, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/32ab1a4e-0a9e-47bf-997a-09ec77c2fabc/2/320x400.jpeg)
In person in St. Johnsbury only. Adult individuals AND couples with Blue Cross or MVP. Medicare, VT Medicaid & Cigna - Individuals ONLY. You or a loved one might have a serious or terminal illness, and need support and a place to share your fears and get support. You might need grief counseling because life is more disrupted than you thought it would be. You could want help with coming out or living trans or gay, or you just want to talk about anything else with someone who gets you. You feel like you're slipping with with anxiety, depression or bipolar and need to have a sense of gaining ground and optimism again.
In person in St. Johnsbury only. Adult individuals AND couples with Blue Cross or MVP. Medicare, VT Medicaid & Cigna - Individuals ONLY. You or a loved one might have a serious or terminal illness, and need support and a place to share your fears and get support. You might need grief counseling because life is more disrupted than you thought it would be. You could want help with coming out or living trans or gay, or you just want to talk about anything else with someone who gets you. You feel like you're slipping with with anxiety, depression or bipolar and need to have a sense of gaining ground and optimism again.
![Photo of Jamiee Murray, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/6abc9863-93bb-4341-ba89-9598a9c75227/1/320x400.jpeg)
Jamiee Murray
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Saint Johnsbury, VT 05819
Not accepting new clients
I enjoy working with children, adolescents (ages 5-18) and families. I have experience working as a therapist and a medical social worker for children with special health needs. I believe that parents are the experts on their children and that every child has the right to develop to their full potential. I work with clients to better understand their feelings and to learn practical coping skills to manage them. I try to make sessions engaging for kids and incorporate play therapy activities as much as possible.
I enjoy working with children, adolescents (ages 5-18) and families. I have experience working as a therapist and a medical social worker for children with special health needs. I believe that parents are the experts on their children and that every child has the right to develop to their full potential. I work with clients to better understand their feelings and to learn practical coping skills to manage them. I try to make sessions engaging for kids and incorporate play therapy activities as much as possible.
![Photo of Molly Barber, MA, LCMHC, Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/142804aa-ea28-413a-b585-3f7f6e5e0c4f/3/320x400.jpeg)
Molly Barber
Counselor, MA, LCMHC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Saint Johnsbury, VT 05819
Not accepting new clients
I offer compassionate, down-to-earth counseling in which I strive to build a collaborative therapeutic relationship. Through gentle curiosity of one's internal experience (emotions, thoughts, and sensations) the client can have a more complete, accurate and honest present moment experience of themselves, creating more self awareness, self responsiveness, compassion, trust, and authentic expression. My therapeutic style tends toward interactive, while collaborating with the client to guide the process at a safe pace. I work from a strength-based model that views individuals as having an innate capacity toward growth and health.
I offer compassionate, down-to-earth counseling in which I strive to build a collaborative therapeutic relationship. Through gentle curiosity of one's internal experience (emotions, thoughts, and sensations) the client can have a more complete, accurate and honest present moment experience of themselves, creating more self awareness, self responsiveness, compassion, trust, and authentic expression. My therapeutic style tends toward interactive, while collaborating with the client to guide the process at a safe pace. I work from a strength-based model that views individuals as having an innate capacity toward growth and health.
![Photo of Penny Kimball MacDonald, MS , LCMHC, LADC, Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/84f758ab-eb0a-4fab-8cf0-180c7a38dbb4/2/320x400.jpeg)
Penny Kimball MacDonald
Counselor, MS , LCMHC, LADC
Verified Verified
Saint Johnsbury, VT 05819
Not accepting new clients
I’m compassionate and want to get to know what is effecting you in your life. I’m curious about how your emotional distress is protected and how you attain and experience pleasure and balance in your life. Lots of our best attempts to get our needs met can become habitual and ineffective leading to more stress, tension, anxiety and depression. Making time to be curious and compassionate with yourself is a necessity for harmony and balance. I’ll be your guide on this journey.
I’m compassionate and want to get to know what is effecting you in your life. I’m curious about how your emotional distress is protected and how you attain and experience pleasure and balance in your life. Lots of our best attempts to get our needs met can become habitual and ineffective leading to more stress, tension, anxiety and depression. Making time to be curious and compassionate with yourself is a necessity for harmony and balance. I’ll be your guide on this journey.
![Photo of Janet Givens, MA, CGP, Registered Psychotherapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/4a2f6001-46cd-11ea-a6ad-06142c356176/2/320x400.jpeg)
My particular areas of interest include midlife change, from divorce to widowhood and the many changes in between; substance abuse and codependency recovery; trauma; chronic illness; loss; relationships, including the one with ourself. I'm particularly interested in the power of culture on the individual.
My particular areas of interest include midlife change, from divorce to widowhood and the many changes in between; substance abuse and codependency recovery; trauma; chronic illness; loss; relationships, including the one with ourself. I'm particularly interested in the power of culture on the individual.
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![Photo of Connie L Kellogg, LCMHC, Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/7c1a37d3-a1f6-4305-a28e-5a99e0e58ee3/2/320x400.jpeg)
Connie L Kellogg
Counselor, LCMHC
Verified Verified
Saint Johnsbury, VT 05819
Not accepting new clients
I am a dedicated professional committed to providing quality mental health services. It is my overall goal to enhance the quality of life for individuals and families. It is my belief that all people are valuable and unique and should be treated with dignity and respect. While recognizing the potential for change, an assessment of the client's emotional, physical, spiritual and life experience is provided in a caring environment.
I am a dedicated professional committed to providing quality mental health services. It is my overall goal to enhance the quality of life for individuals and families. It is my belief that all people are valuable and unique and should be treated with dignity and respect. While recognizing the potential for change, an assessment of the client's emotional, physical, spiritual and life experience is provided in a caring environment.
![Photo of Shannon Rodgers, MA, LADC, LCMHC, Drug & Alcohol Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/d4a7ebbe-c212-442e-94bd-8e27d46e2981/2/320x400.jpeg)
Shannon Rodgers
Drug & Alcohol Counselor, MA, LADC, LCMHC
Verified Verified
Saint Johnsbury, VT 05819 (Online Only)
Are you beginning to question your relationship with alcohol, drugs, or other unhealthy thoughts and behaviors? Or do you struggle with chronic relapse despite your best efforts to make changes? Has traditional substance use treatment not worked for you in the past? Often, habits and substances that once made us feel good or safe become problematic and difficult to control. Reducing or eliminating what no longer serves us maybe necessary to find balance and an improved quality of life. Making these changes and navigating recovery can be challenging and feel overwhelming, but you don't have to do it alone.
Are you beginning to question your relationship with alcohol, drugs, or other unhealthy thoughts and behaviors? Or do you struggle with chronic relapse despite your best efforts to make changes? Has traditional substance use treatment not worked for you in the past? Often, habits and substances that once made us feel good or safe become problematic and difficult to control. Reducing or eliminating what no longer serves us maybe necessary to find balance and an improved quality of life. Making these changes and navigating recovery can be challenging and feel overwhelming, but you don't have to do it alone.
![Photo of Karen Roy, MS, LCMHC, Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/45fb8994-46cd-11ea-a6ad-06142c356176/3/320x400.jpeg)
Karen Roy
Counselor, MS, LCMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Saint Johnsbury, VT 05819
Not accepting new clients
My passion is relationships; creating and building positive, lasting, healthy and satisfying relationships. I work with couples, mothers, families, young adults and adults to connect and rebuild trust with themselves and others, creating positive lasting change. I work from the belief that the client/therapist relationship is enormously important, allowing for a sincere and genuine therapeutic relationship to exist. I believe we all want to live "authentic" lives and my approach encourages clients to have the courage to be that person. I focus on a holistic approach working with the mind, body and soul to heal negative patterns of anxiety, depression, stress, and trauma.
My passion is relationships; creating and building positive, lasting, healthy and satisfying relationships. I work with couples, mothers, families, young adults and adults to connect and rebuild trust with themselves and others, creating positive lasting change. I work from the belief that the client/therapist relationship is enormously important, allowing for a sincere and genuine therapeutic relationship to exist. I believe we all want to live "authentic" lives and my approach encourages clients to have the courage to be that person. I focus on a holistic approach working with the mind, body and soul to heal negative patterns of anxiety, depression, stress, and trauma.
![Photo of Idolyn Villiotti-Carnahan, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/8f4473c2-7d1b-4ed6-b086-828ef4d9d13d/1/320x400.jpeg)
Idolyn Villiotti-Carnahan
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Saint Johnsbury, VT 05819
I am a licensed psychotherapist (LICSW) located in St. Johnsbury, VT. I specialize in working with adolescent and adult patients who struggle with suicidal ideation, anxiety, depression, PTSD, trauma, and major life transitions. I also have a lot of experience working with LGBT youth and adults. I use an integrative model of psychotherapy utilizing psychodynamic and cognitive behavioral techniques. I hold a master’s degree in social work from the University of New Hampshire.
I am a licensed psychotherapist (LICSW) located in St. Johnsbury, VT. I specialize in working with adolescent and adult patients who struggle with suicidal ideation, anxiety, depression, PTSD, trauma, and major life transitions. I also have a lot of experience working with LGBT youth and adults. I use an integrative model of psychotherapy utilizing psychodynamic and cognitive behavioral techniques. I hold a master’s degree in social work from the University of New Hampshire.
![Photo of Lauren Grader-Fox, MS, MEd, Pre-Licensed Professional](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/37a311a3-93ef-4253-a489-ffa057ed1593/1/320x400.jpeg)
If you are ready to begin, or continue, your journey of healing and growth, I am here to support you. I welcome children, teens, and adults who are experiencing challenges including, but not limited to anxiety, depression, trauma, behavioral issues, relational struggles, parenting support, grief and loss.
If you are ready to begin, or continue, your journey of healing and growth, I am here to support you. I welcome children, teens, and adults who are experiencing challenges including, but not limited to anxiety, depression, trauma, behavioral issues, relational struggles, parenting support, grief and loss.
![Photo of Kacey Dean, RN, LCMHC, Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/f7404e00-c7cc-4691-aa75-1dcc5b97ea4e/1/320x400.jpeg)
Internet use can become problematic due to addictive behaviors such as gaming, gambling and pornography. If you or someone you love believe that you may have a problem with your internet use, I can help to walk you through a process of identifying and treating these problematic behaviors. I am an RN and a licensed mental health therapist specializing in trauma informed care, anxiety and addictions.
Internet use can become problematic due to addictive behaviors such as gaming, gambling and pornography. If you or someone you love believe that you may have a problem with your internet use, I can help to walk you through a process of identifying and treating these problematic behaviors. I am an RN and a licensed mental health therapist specializing in trauma informed care, anxiety and addictions.
![Photo of Jessa Carpenter, LCMHC, LADC, Drug & Alcohol Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/40c1bb18-46cd-11ea-a6ad-06142c356176/3/320x400.jpeg)
We all have our own life story. We all go through events in our lives that make holes in our hearts. Sometimes those holes heal over time, and sometimes those holes needs some extra time and attention in order to mend. I believe YOU are the experts of your own life; therefore my goal in therapy is to build a supportive relationship with you based on care, trust, empathy and genuineness when you are sharing about these sensitive struggles.
We all have our own life story. We all go through events in our lives that make holes in our hearts. Sometimes those holes heal over time, and sometimes those holes needs some extra time and attention in order to mend. I believe YOU are the experts of your own life; therefore my goal in therapy is to build a supportive relationship with you based on care, trust, empathy and genuineness when you are sharing about these sensitive struggles.
Christopher Colpitts
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Saint Johnsbury, VT 05819
For over 20 years, I have enjoyed working with children, adolescents and their families to improve relationships, overcome the effects of complex trauma, and foster healthy attachments between children and parents. I have experience working with attachment issues, as well as training in Trauma-Focused CBT. With children, a directive, supportive and playful approach is used to overcome shame and fear. I also treat adults with a range of issues, including depression, anxiety and personality disorders. Meeting clients where they are is important to healing emotional wounds and building confidence in personal decision making.
For over 20 years, I have enjoyed working with children, adolescents and their families to improve relationships, overcome the effects of complex trauma, and foster healthy attachments between children and parents. I have experience working with attachment issues, as well as training in Trauma-Focused CBT. With children, a directive, supportive and playful approach is used to overcome shame and fear. I also treat adults with a range of issues, including depression, anxiety and personality disorders. Meeting clients where they are is important to healing emotional wounds and building confidence in personal decision making.
![Photo of Marissa Manning, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/b859d5b5-7406-4cc4-97f6-18b5db459c34/1/320x400.jpeg)
Hi, I'm Marissa Manning, a Vermont clinician with a master’s degree in social work from the University of Southern California. I have worked in the medical field for 13 years, and as a medical social worker for 5 of those years. I have a passion for supporting people throughout the lifespan including new mothers/fathers as they navigate changes that come with parenthood, as well as the geriatric community navigating aging, and at times loss of independence. With this I also enjoy working with caregivers discussing burnout and changes in roles in the family system.
Hi, I'm Marissa Manning, a Vermont clinician with a master’s degree in social work from the University of Southern California. I have worked in the medical field for 13 years, and as a medical social worker for 5 of those years. I have a passion for supporting people throughout the lifespan including new mothers/fathers as they navigate changes that come with parenthood, as well as the geriatric community navigating aging, and at times loss of independence. With this I also enjoy working with caregivers discussing burnout and changes in roles in the family system.
See more therapy options for 05819
How does your Therapist compare?
Number of Therapists in 05819
40+
Average cost per session
$125
Therapists in 05819 who prioritize treating:
78% | Relationship Issues |
78% | Depression |
76% | Anxiety |
74% | Self Esteem |
67% | Stress |
65% | Coping Skills |
61% | Trauma and PTSD |
Average years in practice
9 Years
Top 3 insurances accepted
88% | BlueCross and BlueShield |
76% | Medicaid |
56% | Cigna and Evernorth |
How Therapists in 05819 see their clients
81% | In Person and Online | |
19% | Online Only |
Gender breakdown
80% | Female | |
18% | Male | |
2% | Non-Binary |
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling
How can I find a therapist in 05819?
Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.
Learn more about how to find a therapist
Learn more about how to find a therapist
Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?
The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.
Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.
Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.
What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?
Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.
Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.
Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.
What type of therapy is right for me?
The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.
How much does therapy cost?
The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.
What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?
Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.
Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?
Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.
Is online therapy a good option?
Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.
Are therapy sessions confidential?
Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.