Therapists in Bellflower, CA

Photo of Heather Choi, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Bellflower, CA
Heather Choi
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Bellflower, CA 90707  (Online Only)
Heather Choi is a Korean-American immigrant raised in Southern California, where she was deeply formed by the diverse communities and neighborhoods she did life in. She has over 15 years of experience working with adolescents and adults experiencing chronic mental health disorders, addiction, trauma, and institutional injustice. Heather takes a holistic and integrated approach.
Heather Choi is a Korean-American immigrant raised in Southern California, where she was deeply formed by the diverse communities and neighborhoods she did life in. She has over 15 years of experience working with adolescents and adults experiencing chronic mental health disorders, addiction, trauma, and institutional injustice. Heather takes a holistic and integrated approach.
(562) 268-5616 View (562) 268-5616
Photo of Phil White, Psychologist in Bellflower, CA
Phil White
Psychologist, CP
Verified Verified
Bellflower, CA 90706
I am a licensed clinical psychologist in California with 13 years of professional work experience. I have experience in helping clients with stress and anxiety and both short and long term depression whether it is your first-time experiencing depression or you have struggled with it all your life, trauma and abuse, coping with grief and loss, & motivation, self-esteem, and confidence. I believe in setting realistic, achievable goals then building on the success of having reached them. I will tailor our dialog and treatment plan to meet your unique and specific needs.
I am a licensed clinical psychologist in California with 13 years of professional work experience. I have experience in helping clients with stress and anxiety and both short and long term depression whether it is your first-time experiencing depression or you have struggled with it all your life, trauma and abuse, coping with grief and loss, & motivation, self-esteem, and confidence. I believe in setting realistic, achievable goals then building on the success of having reached them. I will tailor our dialog and treatment plan to meet your unique and specific needs.
(562) 669-3732 View (562) 669-3732
Photo of Janine Ochoa, Marriage & Family Therapist in Bellflower, CA
Janine Ochoa
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Bellflower, CA 90706
My name is Janine Ochoa, and I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist (LMFT). I have worked with adolescents in foster care, as well as currently working with adults in substance counseling, anxiety, depression, and PTSD, just to name a few. I have used many approaches, however, have enhanced my skills in cognitive behavioral therapy and attachment-based therapy, to assist my clients in learning coping skills and enhancing their own self-determination. I have seen how the approach I utilize has helped adolescents and adults who have been enduring challenges with belonging and self-acceptance.
My name is Janine Ochoa, and I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist (LMFT). I have worked with adolescents in foster care, as well as currently working with adults in substance counseling, anxiety, depression, and PTSD, just to name a few. I have used many approaches, however, have enhanced my skills in cognitive behavioral therapy and attachment-based therapy, to assist my clients in learning coping skills and enhancing their own self-determination. I have seen how the approach I utilize has helped adolescents and adults who have been enduring challenges with belonging and self-acceptance.
(562) 620-7167 View (562) 620-7167
Photo of Julelisa Beltran, Marriage & Family Therapist in Bellflower, CA
Julelisa Beltran
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Bellflower, CA 90706
Hi, my name is Julelisa Beltran. I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist who is passionate about supporting others through life's challenges. Together we will create goals to help you overcome internal struggles and to experience healing and growth in your life. I have experience working with children and adolescents who struggle with anxiety and depression, PTSD, victims of abuse (e.g., child abuse, witnessed a crime or domestic violence), behavioral concerns associated with Autism Spectrum Disorder, ADHD, Conduct Disorder, and Emotional Disturbance.
Hi, my name is Julelisa Beltran. I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist who is passionate about supporting others through life's challenges. Together we will create goals to help you overcome internal struggles and to experience healing and growth in your life. I have experience working with children and adolescents who struggle with anxiety and depression, PTSD, victims of abuse (e.g., child abuse, witnessed a crime or domestic violence), behavioral concerns associated with Autism Spectrum Disorder, ADHD, Conduct Disorder, and Emotional Disturbance.
(562) 374-8908 View (562) 374-8908
Photo of Heather Gold, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Bellflower, CA
Heather Gold
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Bellflower, CA 90706
My name is Heather Gold, and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) based out of Redding, California, and working with clients statewide via teletherapy. I work with adults and specialize in hoarding, anxiety, depression, and life transitions, using Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Acceptance Commitment Therapy (ACT), and Grief/Loss Support. My approach to therapy is based on one of collaboration for I see each client as having their own expertise that I help.
My name is Heather Gold, and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) based out of Redding, California, and working with clients statewide via teletherapy. I work with adults and specialize in hoarding, anxiety, depression, and life transitions, using Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Acceptance Commitment Therapy (ACT), and Grief/Loss Support. My approach to therapy is based on one of collaboration for I see each client as having their own expertise that I help.
(562) 573-6609 View (562) 573-6609
Photo of Sheryl Torres, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Bellflower, CA
Sheryl Torres
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Bellflower, CA 90706
Hi, my name is Sheryl Torres. I'm a LCSW and I have a calling as a therapist to help those in need. The client-therapist connection is a key component of a client's success in therapy. I focus on helping clients heal from traumas and reduce their any anxious and depressive symptoms. I specialize in working with Individuals (teens and adults). I enjoy working with these individuals and also encourage families to partake in sessions as needed to ensure continuity of care in the home.
Hi, my name is Sheryl Torres. I'm a LCSW and I have a calling as a therapist to help those in need. The client-therapist connection is a key component of a client's success in therapy. I focus on helping clients heal from traumas and reduce their any anxious and depressive symptoms. I specialize in working with Individuals (teens and adults). I enjoy working with these individuals and also encourage families to partake in sessions as needed to ensure continuity of care in the home.
(310) 627-2562 View (310) 627-2562
Photo of Love and Loss Therapeutic Services , Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Bellflower, CA
Love and Loss Therapeutic Services
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Bellflower, CA 90706  (Online Only)
Accepting New Clients. Hello! As someone with lived experience with OCD, I am passionate about helping others through the anxiety and fear that overwhelms and grips us. My OCD developed during my perinatal period, a few short months after I gave birth to my son. For any parent, having those scary and intrusive thoughts can be terrifying.
Accepting New Clients. Hello! As someone with lived experience with OCD, I am passionate about helping others through the anxiety and fear that overwhelms and grips us. My OCD developed during my perinatal period, a few short months after I gave birth to my son. For any parent, having those scary and intrusive thoughts can be terrifying.
(562) 376-5589 View (562) 376-5589
Photo of Jessica Fernandez Sando, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Bellflower, CA
Jessica Fernandez Sando
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Bellflower, CA 90706
My name is Jessica Sando, and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker. My approach toward working with my clients stems from the belief that every individual possesses the ability the make changes to their lives if they choose if given a safe, supportive, and encouraging environment to do so. I focus my practice in the areas of individual and couples therapy, with a focus on depression, anxiety, and stress-related disorders.
My name is Jessica Sando, and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker. My approach toward working with my clients stems from the belief that every individual possesses the ability the make changes to their lives if they choose if given a safe, supportive, and encouraging environment to do so. I focus my practice in the areas of individual and couples therapy, with a focus on depression, anxiety, and stress-related disorders.
(310) 861-3671 View (310) 861-3671
Photo of Claudia Goedde, Psychologist in Bellflower, CA
Claudia Goedde
Psychologist, LCP
Verified Verified
Bellflower, CA 90706
Welcome! My name is Claudia Goedde, and I am a Licensed Clinical Psychologist, who enjoys supporting people through their life transitions, relationship challenges, and post traumatic growth. My approach is compassionate, collaborative, and strength based. I support women of all ages, from teens and young adults to more mature life stages. I treat anxiety disorders and mood disorders, post traumatic growth, stressful life transitions, pre and perimenopausal challenges, and relationship concerns.
Welcome! My name is Claudia Goedde, and I am a Licensed Clinical Psychologist, who enjoys supporting people through their life transitions, relationship challenges, and post traumatic growth. My approach is compassionate, collaborative, and strength based. I support women of all ages, from teens and young adults to more mature life stages. I treat anxiety disorders and mood disorders, post traumatic growth, stressful life transitions, pre and perimenopausal challenges, and relationship concerns.
(310) 905-8055 View (310) 905-8055
Photo of Ilya Shtykan, Marriage & Family Therapist in Bellflower, CA
Ilya Shtykan
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Bellflower, CA 90706
Mr. Ilya Shtykan is a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist and Masters's Degree graduate in Marriage and Family Therapy. In addition, Ilya has worked with multiple organizations and various types of client populations. Ilya has provided counseling for children and adolescents as part of a school-based program. Also, Ilya currently provides counseling services for sufferers of co-occurring substance abuse and mental health disorders.
Mr. Ilya Shtykan is a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist and Masters's Degree graduate in Marriage and Family Therapy. In addition, Ilya has worked with multiple organizations and various types of client populations. Ilya has provided counseling for children and adolescents as part of a school-based program. Also, Ilya currently provides counseling services for sufferers of co-occurring substance abuse and mental health disorders.
(562) 669-2572 View (562) 669-2572
Photo of Randi Fabrick, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Bellflower, CA
Randi Fabrick
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Bellflower, CA 90706
I'm Randi Fabrick, a Licensed Clinical Social Worker as well as a Registered Dietitian, and I have been working for many years providing supportive counseling to both individuals and families. I have worked in various settings and currently focus on women's health needs, including life transitions, pregnancy and postpartum, and family dynamics. I also enjoy working with teens to help them with their overall coping and focusing on their goals for the future. I incorporate CBT, interpersonal and family systems, supportive counseling, mindfulness, and other positive coping techniques that help with anxiety and depression.
I'm Randi Fabrick, a Licensed Clinical Social Worker as well as a Registered Dietitian, and I have been working for many years providing supportive counseling to both individuals and families. I have worked in various settings and currently focus on women's health needs, including life transitions, pregnancy and postpartum, and family dynamics. I also enjoy working with teens to help them with their overall coping and focusing on their goals for the future. I incorporate CBT, interpersonal and family systems, supportive counseling, mindfulness, and other positive coping techniques that help with anxiety and depression.
(562) 632-5910 View (562) 632-5910
Photo of Kellie Jarvie, Marriage & Family Therapist in Bellflower, CA
Kellie Jarvie
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Bellflower, CA 90706
Emotional pain, discomfort, and general dissatisfaction are the greatest motivators for change and generally are what lead people to seek psychotherapy. My primary goal is to help you implement change for improved emotional and relationship health. I strive to help people uncover what is “not working” in their lives and provide them with tools that will assist them in working through difficult situations. My therapeutic style is relatable and down-to-earth, and I believe an excellent client-therapist relationship is a key to the therapeutic process.
Emotional pain, discomfort, and general dissatisfaction are the greatest motivators for change and generally are what lead people to seek psychotherapy. My primary goal is to help you implement change for improved emotional and relationship health. I strive to help people uncover what is “not working” in their lives and provide them with tools that will assist them in working through difficult situations. My therapeutic style is relatable and down-to-earth, and I believe an excellent client-therapist relationship is a key to the therapeutic process.
(562) 502-8913 View (562) 502-8913
Photo of Kelly Rodriguez, Marriage & Family Therapist in Bellflower, CA
Kelly Rodriguez
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, PMH-C
Verified Verified
Bellflower, CA 90706  (Online Only)
Are you going through situations you’re not sure how to respond to? Are there days you need direction, or someone to confide in openly—someone who will ask you the hard questions? Most days you feel exhausted, not quite like yourself. You've wanted to get out of that downward spiral, find healing or discover a happier you. Therapy could be the path to where you want to be. Your days feel like a routine without purpose and motivation? get the kids dressed, eat, household chores, work, play with the kids, school work, sleep…task after task? And maybe throw in a self-help book, or at least glance at it over on your nightstand?
Are you going through situations you’re not sure how to respond to? Are there days you need direction, or someone to confide in openly—someone who will ask you the hard questions? Most days you feel exhausted, not quite like yourself. You've wanted to get out of that downward spiral, find healing or discover a happier you. Therapy could be the path to where you want to be. Your days feel like a routine without purpose and motivation? get the kids dressed, eat, household chores, work, play with the kids, school work, sleep…task after task? And maybe throw in a self-help book, or at least glance at it over on your nightstand?
(310) 340-1223 View (310) 340-1223
Photo of Kristal Powell, Marriage & Family Therapist in Bellflower, CA
Kristal Powell
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Bellflower, CA 90706
I utilize Motivational Interviewing, Solution-Focused Therapy, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), and Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT), mindfulness, and other evidence-based techniques based on client preferences and goals.
I utilize Motivational Interviewing, Solution-Focused Therapy, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), and Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT), mindfulness, and other evidence-based techniques based on client preferences and goals.
(562) 612-7319 View (562) 612-7319
Photo of Michelle Doucette, Marriage & Family Therapist in Bellflower, CA
Michelle Doucette
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Bellflower, CA 90706
Hi, my name is Michelle Doucette LMFT. I take a strengths based, motivational approach with my clients to meet them where they are at, and help them achieve their desired goals. I help my clients manage their moods, reduce anxiety and depression, and manage stress and adjustment. My modalities include Solution Focused, Motivational Interviewing, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, mindfulness, and several others. I work with clients to assist them in exploring and identifying realistic and achievable goals along with helping them develop a clear path to achieving those goals.
Hi, my name is Michelle Doucette LMFT. I take a strengths based, motivational approach with my clients to meet them where they are at, and help them achieve their desired goals. I help my clients manage their moods, reduce anxiety and depression, and manage stress and adjustment. My modalities include Solution Focused, Motivational Interviewing, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, mindfulness, and several others. I work with clients to assist them in exploring and identifying realistic and achievable goals along with helping them develop a clear path to achieving those goals.
(562) 609-4312 View (562) 609-4312
Photo of Jovanni Holloway, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Bellflower, CA
Jovanni Holloway
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Bellflower, CA 90706
Hello! I am excited to meet you. I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with the Board of Behavioral Sciences in California. I graduated from California State University San Bernardino with my master’s degree in social work. For over 10 years, I have been working with children, families, and individuals in the areas of case management, behavioral support, and mental health. My communication style is to create a safe environment for my clients to be themselves, and for them to feel free to share in a judgment-free zone.
Hello! I am excited to meet you. I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with the Board of Behavioral Sciences in California. I graduated from California State University San Bernardino with my master’s degree in social work. For over 10 years, I have been working with children, families, and individuals in the areas of case management, behavioral support, and mental health. My communication style is to create a safe environment for my clients to be themselves, and for them to feel free to share in a judgment-free zone.
(562) 539-2607 View (562) 539-2607
Photo of Kelly Schooner, Marriage & Family Therapist in Bellflower, CA
Kelly Schooner
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT, ADHD-CC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Bellflower, CA 90706  (Online Only)
Does your heart race? Do you get sweaty hands or a heavy feeling in your chest? Do you ever feel out of control? Do you second guess yourself or feel like others are out to get you? Do you ever wonder why you over re-act in certain situations? Do you have flash backs or night mares? If any of these situations sounds like you, you could be suffering from trauma related anxiety. Anxiety affects millions of people daily. There is help. I specialize in helping people with a variety of different types of anxiety and trauma. We can work together to alleviate your symptoms and work toward a more peaceful life.
Does your heart race? Do you get sweaty hands or a heavy feeling in your chest? Do you ever feel out of control? Do you second guess yourself or feel like others are out to get you? Do you ever wonder why you over re-act in certain situations? Do you have flash backs or night mares? If any of these situations sounds like you, you could be suffering from trauma related anxiety. Anxiety affects millions of people daily. There is help. I specialize in helping people with a variety of different types of anxiety and trauma. We can work together to alleviate your symptoms and work toward a more peaceful life.
(714) 790-9910 View (714) 790-9910
Photo of Steven W Cohen, Marriage & Family Therapist in Bellflower, CA
Steven W Cohen
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT
Verified Verified
Bellflower, CA 90706
I have been counseling professionally for more than 30 years. I am passionate about helping individuals, couples and families experience joy in life that is dependent not upon circumstances, but on making good choices and learning how to develop healthy interpersonal relationships. I am particularly interested in helping married couples experience the most satisfying relationships they can. There is no doubt in my mind that if a couple is committed to improving their relationship and doing the work involved, they will achieve the kind of marriage to which they aspire.
I have been counseling professionally for more than 30 years. I am passionate about helping individuals, couples and families experience joy in life that is dependent not upon circumstances, but on making good choices and learning how to develop healthy interpersonal relationships. I am particularly interested in helping married couples experience the most satisfying relationships they can. There is no doubt in my mind that if a couple is committed to improving their relationship and doing the work involved, they will achieve the kind of marriage to which they aspire.
(714) 312-3149 View (714) 312-3149
Photo of Michael Brooks, Marriage & Family Therapist in Bellflower, CA
Michael Brooks
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Bellflower, CA 90706
My name is Michael Brooks, and I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist. I take a very direct compassionate approach to therapy. My main focus areas of practice are PTSD, anxiety, and depression. I use a variety of therapeutic approaches during my therapy work however, my most common theoretical approaches are Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Trauma-focused CBT, and Positive Psychology. The type of clients I typically work with are trauma survivors. I am most comfortable treating trauma of all sorts, depression, anxiety as well as couples working through infidelity and other problems in their relationships.
My name is Michael Brooks, and I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist. I take a very direct compassionate approach to therapy. My main focus areas of practice are PTSD, anxiety, and depression. I use a variety of therapeutic approaches during my therapy work however, my most common theoretical approaches are Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Trauma-focused CBT, and Positive Psychology. The type of clients I typically work with are trauma survivors. I am most comfortable treating trauma of all sorts, depression, anxiety as well as couples working through infidelity and other problems in their relationships.
(310) 988-1484 View (310) 988-1484
Photo of Joseph Ferra, Marriage & Family Therapist in Bellflower, CA
Joseph Ferra
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Bellflower, CA 90706
Joe Ferra, M.S., LMFT45177 Licensed Marriage & Family Therapist since 2006 Family Mediation Associates since 2006 Specialize in treating individuals, couples, and families struggling with Mental Health and Substance Use Disorders. Specialize in treating individuals, couples, and families struggling with Mental Health and Substance Use Disorders.
Joe Ferra, M.S., LMFT45177 Licensed Marriage & Family Therapist since 2006 Family Mediation Associates since 2006 Specialize in treating individuals, couples, and families struggling with Mental Health and Substance Use Disorders. Specialize in treating individuals, couples, and families struggling with Mental Health and Substance Use Disorders.
(562) 669-3833 View (562) 669-3833

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Bellflower, CA

50+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Bellflower, CA who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
88% Depression
79% Relationship Issues
79% Self Esteem
75% Stress
66% Trauma and PTSD
66% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

93% Aetna
91% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
87% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Bellflower, CA see their clients

83% In Person and Online
17% Online Only

Gender breakdown

83% Female
17% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Bellflower?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.