Therapists in Tampa, FL

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Photo of Brian Matthew Ayer, LPCC-S, Counselor
Brian Matthew Ayer
Counselor, LPCC-S
Verified Verified
Tampa, FL 33612  (Online Only)
Immediate Openings! I use a strength based; person centered approach in a collaborative manner to assist my clients to see HOPE as they face challenges in life. I have worked as a counselor for over 20 years in a variety of settings. These include outpatient community mental health, crisis services, corporate/workplace settings, and owning and operating a private Christian counseling practice. I also have experience in training law enforcement on how to better assist individuals in a mental health crisis.
Immediate Openings! I use a strength based; person centered approach in a collaborative manner to assist my clients to see HOPE as they face challenges in life. I have worked as a counselor for over 20 years in a variety of settings. These include outpatient community mental health, crisis services, corporate/workplace settings, and owning and operating a private Christian counseling practice. I also have experience in training law enforcement on how to better assist individuals in a mental health crisis.
(813) 945-9929 View (813) 945-9929
Photo of Jenifer Gold, MS, LMHC, Counselor
Jenifer Gold
Counselor, MS, LMHC
Verified Verified
Tampa, FL 33612
I am a licensed mental health counselor committed to helping individuals reclaim their lives after being diagnosed with a mental health condition. My work focuses on addressing behaviors and symptoms that are standing in the way of the life you want to live. I believe everyone, regardless of the obstacle, has the ability and internal fortitude to overcome adversity and reach their goals.
I am a licensed mental health counselor committed to helping individuals reclaim their lives after being diagnosed with a mental health condition. My work focuses on addressing behaviors and symptoms that are standing in the way of the life you want to live. I believe everyone, regardless of the obstacle, has the ability and internal fortitude to overcome adversity and reach their goals.
(813) 592-5225 View (813) 592-5225
Photo of Karen Moorley, LMHC, Counselor
Karen Moorley
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Tampa, FL 33602
Are your issues impacting your functioning at home, work, school, and/or socially? An ideal client acknowledges a need for help and understands they cannot do it independently. They are ready and willing to make time in their busy schedule for therapy. They are committed and willing to do the work so that they can return to 'normal functioning.' They want to improve themselves to be better individuals and reach their full potential.
Are your issues impacting your functioning at home, work, school, and/or socially? An ideal client acknowledges a need for help and understands they cannot do it independently. They are ready and willing to make time in their busy schedule for therapy. They are committed and willing to do the work so that they can return to 'normal functioning.' They want to improve themselves to be better individuals and reach their full potential.
(561) 209-8283 View (561) 209-8283
Photo of Angelo Provenzano - Neuropsychiatric Institute
Neuropsychiatric Institute
Verified Verified
Tampa, FL 33607
The Neuropsychiatric Institute provides extensive outpatient Behavioral Health Services in the Tampa Bay Area. Our clinical staff is made up of Psychiatrists, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioners, Clinical Social Workers, and Mental Health Counselors. We use a multidisciplinary team approach to treatment.
The Neuropsychiatric Institute provides extensive outpatient Behavioral Health Services in the Tampa Bay Area. Our clinical staff is made up of Psychiatrists, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioners, Clinical Social Workers, and Mental Health Counselors. We use a multidisciplinary team approach to treatment.
(941) 241-2041 View (941) 241-2041
Photo of Annette B Pheby - Annette Pheby Therapist/Relational Life Coaching, MS, LMHC
Annette Pheby Therapist/Relational Life Coaching
MS, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Tampa, FL 33606
My clients are looking to get out of their own way relationally and in life. They accept the responsibility that all good relationships occur within the space of self regulation and full respect living. Healthy relationships are demanding of our time. Working with me clients learn a lot about their own power to influence their lives and the environment in which they live. Our relationships, whether with ourselves or others, are the most important driving force in our lives for long term happiness and life satisfaction. Harvard Study of 2017 " Good Relationships influence the outcome of our health, wealth, happiness and longevity."
My clients are looking to get out of their own way relationally and in life. They accept the responsibility that all good relationships occur within the space of self regulation and full respect living. Healthy relationships are demanding of our time. Working with me clients learn a lot about their own power to influence their lives and the environment in which they live. Our relationships, whether with ourselves or others, are the most important driving force in our lives for long term happiness and life satisfaction. Harvard Study of 2017 " Good Relationships influence the outcome of our health, wealth, happiness and longevity."
(727) 314-7670 View (727) 314-7670
Photo of Lamar Ingulli - Bay Area Neuropsychology, PsyD, PhD, Psychologist
Bay Area Neuropsychology
Psychologist, PsyD, PhD
Verified Verified
Tampa, FL 33609
Bay Area Neuropsychology specializes in evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment of neurological, neurodevelopmental, and neuropsychiatric/behavioral disorders effecting children, adolescents, and adults. In addition, we now offer medication management services for children, adolescents, and adults who struggle with symptoms related to anxiety, OCD, PTSD, depressive/mood disorders, ADHD/ADD, and Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD).
Bay Area Neuropsychology specializes in evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment of neurological, neurodevelopmental, and neuropsychiatric/behavioral disorders effecting children, adolescents, and adults. In addition, we now offer medication management services for children, adolescents, and adults who struggle with symptoms related to anxiety, OCD, PTSD, depressive/mood disorders, ADHD/ADD, and Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD).
(813) 642-6010 x2 View (813) 642-6010 x2
Photo of Dr. Kenya L King - Aya Psychological & Wellness Svcs | Dr. Kenya King, PhD, Psychologist
Aya Psychological & Wellness Svcs | Dr. Kenya King
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Tampa, FL 33618
Hi! I'm Dr. Kenya L. King, PhD, Psychologist & Owner of Aya Psych Wellness, LLC. A native New Yorker, with a sprinkle of Caribbean influence, I have extensive clinical experience working with teens, adults, & families. "Aya", or ferns are known for resiliency and capacity to flourish even in difficult circumstances. The word "aya" is also associated with themes of goodness, care, beauty, knowledge, & strength across several languages & cultures. "Ayapsychwelllness" was born out of a passion to help all people restore, or even establish skills that encourage balance, resilience, and resourcefulness as they navigate life's challenges.
Hi! I'm Dr. Kenya L. King, PhD, Psychologist & Owner of Aya Psych Wellness, LLC. A native New Yorker, with a sprinkle of Caribbean influence, I have extensive clinical experience working with teens, adults, & families. "Aya", or ferns are known for resiliency and capacity to flourish even in difficult circumstances. The word "aya" is also associated with themes of goodness, care, beauty, knowledge, & strength across several languages & cultures. "Ayapsychwelllness" was born out of a passion to help all people restore, or even establish skills that encourage balance, resilience, and resourcefulness as they navigate life's challenges.
(813) 295-2103 View (813) 295-2103
Photo of Kelly Johnson, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Kelly Johnson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Tampa, FL 33618
Kelly was born in Brooklyn, New York, and raised in Ithaca, New York. Kelly is a LCSW, Licensed Clinical Social Worker, and has 20 years of experience. As a psychotherapist, Kelly is holistic, bringing a humanistic and culturally expansive lens to her work. These lenses include cultural humility, recognition that every human being has inherent strengths, compassion, and the exploration of all aspects of one's physical, mental, spiritual, and social health. The foundation of her work rests on the collaborative building of the therapeutic relationship. She developed her psychotherapy approach working in a variety of practice settings.
Kelly was born in Brooklyn, New York, and raised in Ithaca, New York. Kelly is a LCSW, Licensed Clinical Social Worker, and has 20 years of experience. As a psychotherapist, Kelly is holistic, bringing a humanistic and culturally expansive lens to her work. These lenses include cultural humility, recognition that every human being has inherent strengths, compassion, and the exploration of all aspects of one's physical, mental, spiritual, and social health. The foundation of her work rests on the collaborative building of the therapeutic relationship. She developed her psychotherapy approach working in a variety of practice settings.
(813) 576-2279 View (813) 576-2279
Photo of Jon Jasper, LMHC, Counselor
Jon Jasper
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Tampa, FL 33615  (Online Only)
I'm here to provide positive, caring and honest counseling services for those seeking help during life's difficult challenges. Whether these challenges be in the form of trauma, relationship issues, or unexpected changes, I facilitate therapy with experience, maturity, and uplifting energy. I'm also accelerated resolution therapy (ART) basic certified.
I'm here to provide positive, caring and honest counseling services for those seeking help during life's difficult challenges. Whether these challenges be in the form of trauma, relationship issues, or unexpected changes, I facilitate therapy with experience, maturity, and uplifting energy. I'm also accelerated resolution therapy (ART) basic certified.
(813) 499-1103 View (813) 499-1103
Photo of Nelly Carusillo, LMHC, Counselor
Nelly Carusillo
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Tampa, FL 33605  (Online Only)
I truly enjoy supporting first-time counseling clients struggling with finding themselves, whether it be interpersonally or professionally. I enjoy building and working on motivation levels while offering guidance to clients in preparation to make some life changes.
I truly enjoy supporting first-time counseling clients struggling with finding themselves, whether it be interpersonally or professionally. I enjoy building and working on motivation levels while offering guidance to clients in preparation to make some life changes.
(813) 370-1007 View (813) 370-1007
Photo of Christina Jensen, LCSW, EMDR, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Christina Jensen
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, EMDR
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Tampa, FL 33613
Not accepting new clients
Welcome, I have over 15 years of experience providing solution focused counseling to teens, adults, and families. I recognize the importance of relationship building and put an emphasis on that in my work. I specialize in working with complex trauma and family histories, and am trained in EMDR and Functional Family Therapy. I strive to provide a safe and comfortable environment that will allow us to tailor treatment to your needs. Finding, and more importantly, trusting a therapist can be a challenging task and I am here to make this experience as easy as possible.
Welcome, I have over 15 years of experience providing solution focused counseling to teens, adults, and families. I recognize the importance of relationship building and put an emphasis on that in my work. I specialize in working with complex trauma and family histories, and am trained in EMDR and Functional Family Therapy. I strive to provide a safe and comfortable environment that will allow us to tailor treatment to your needs. Finding, and more importantly, trusting a therapist can be a challenging task and I am here to make this experience as easy as possible.
(813) 544-5921 View (813) 544-5921
Photo of Bobbie McArdle (She Her), MSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Bobbie McArdle (She Her)
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Tampa, FL 33613  (Online Only)
I am licensed in the states of FL, NJ, and NY and am currently accepting new clients. I am open to all populations although I primarily work with individuals who identify in the LGBTQIA+ community. I have experience helping clients with anxiety, depression, bipolar disorder, polyamorous relationships, sexual issues, and trauma. My approach is flexible and down to earth using research proven techniques. I am also a Gender Specialist who provides assistance to transgender, nonbinary, and gender non conforming adults, adolescents, and their families as well as writing the letters necessary to obtain gender affirming medical care.
I am licensed in the states of FL, NJ, and NY and am currently accepting new clients. I am open to all populations although I primarily work with individuals who identify in the LGBTQIA+ community. I have experience helping clients with anxiety, depression, bipolar disorder, polyamorous relationships, sexual issues, and trauma. My approach is flexible and down to earth using research proven techniques. I am also a Gender Specialist who provides assistance to transgender, nonbinary, and gender non conforming adults, adolescents, and their families as well as writing the letters necessary to obtain gender affirming medical care.
(813) 945-7202 View (813) 945-7202
Photo of Thomas Hanna, MS, LMHC, NCC, CCTP, CCATP, Counselor
Thomas Hanna
Counselor, MS, LMHC, NCC, CCTP, CCATP
Verified Verified
Tampa, FL 33635
Are you feeling overwhelmed? Struggling with the weight of anxiety, lingering trauma, or the deep-rooted wounds from harmful religious experiences? Please reach out to Thomas with Tempest Counseling. He is passionate about providing a compassionate space to help navigate life’s challenges. Our mission is providing expert mental health treatment rooted in proven methods and enhanced by our unique Breakthrough Accelerator app, guiding you towards a life of peace and understanding. Thomas is an expert in providing healing for anxiety, trauma, religious trauma, and grief. Schedule your free consultation to see how he can help you today.
Are you feeling overwhelmed? Struggling with the weight of anxiety, lingering trauma, or the deep-rooted wounds from harmful religious experiences? Please reach out to Thomas with Tempest Counseling. He is passionate about providing a compassionate space to help navigate life’s challenges. Our mission is providing expert mental health treatment rooted in proven methods and enhanced by our unique Breakthrough Accelerator app, guiding you towards a life of peace and understanding. Thomas is an expert in providing healing for anxiety, trauma, religious trauma, and grief. Schedule your free consultation to see how he can help you today.
(813) 535-4349 View (813) 535-4349
Photo of Aarti Mathur, PsyD, Psychologist
Aarti Mathur
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Tampa, FL 33626
I started my professional training in psychology in 1988, earning three masters and a doctorate degree. My training has focused extensively on working with adults and children in out-patient, in-patient and residential settings. I have served as an adjunct faculty at Argosy University. I conduct workshops to facilitate awareness of mental health issues and provide resources for different organizations. I am contracted with QTC Medical group - a group through the Department of Veterans Affairs, to provide psychological services to our veterans.
I started my professional training in psychology in 1988, earning three masters and a doctorate degree. My training has focused extensively on working with adults and children in out-patient, in-patient and residential settings. I have served as an adjunct faculty at Argosy University. I conduct workshops to facilitate awareness of mental health issues and provide resources for different organizations. I am contracted with QTC Medical group - a group through the Department of Veterans Affairs, to provide psychological services to our veterans.
(813) 701-2570 View (813) 701-2570
Photo of Megan Cherry, PhD, Psychologist
Megan Cherry
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Tampa, FL 33617  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
As your therapist, I will be compassionate and authentic. I will invite you into a healing space, nudging as needed, but never pushing beyond where you are ready. We will collaboratively identify steps to reach your goals. I will help you heal from pain, develop relationships that affirm you, cultivate hope, and empower you to become a more self-compassionate and authentic you. “I’m not enough” is a fear I’ve wrestled with, and a theme I constantly hear from clients who have experienced trauma, battled identity-based -isms, are wrestling with the complex emotions of being a teenager, and/or are coping with the stress of parenting.
As your therapist, I will be compassionate and authentic. I will invite you into a healing space, nudging as needed, but never pushing beyond where you are ready. We will collaboratively identify steps to reach your goals. I will help you heal from pain, develop relationships that affirm you, cultivate hope, and empower you to become a more self-compassionate and authentic you. “I’m not enough” is a fear I’ve wrestled with, and a theme I constantly hear from clients who have experienced trauma, battled identity-based -isms, are wrestling with the complex emotions of being a teenager, and/or are coping with the stress of parenting.
(813) 701-5907 View (813) 701-5907
Photo of Kristen Staron-La Cagnina, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Kristen Staron-La Cagnina
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Tampa, FL 33618
Are you struggling with your infant or young child's mood or behaviors? Are they having a tough time adjusting to changes in their home or life? Have they experienced something that has changed their mood or behaviors? Toddlers and young children can have difficulty expressing themselves and need help to learn how. They may also struggle with learning how to adjust and cope with changes in their home, daycare, or school environments. Play therapy is a natural and great way for children to express themselves and learn new skills. Working with them at their level of understanding fosters understanding and healing.
Are you struggling with your infant or young child's mood or behaviors? Are they having a tough time adjusting to changes in their home or life? Have they experienced something that has changed their mood or behaviors? Toddlers and young children can have difficulty expressing themselves and need help to learn how. They may also struggle with learning how to adjust and cope with changes in their home, daycare, or school environments. Play therapy is a natural and great way for children to express themselves and learn new skills. Working with them at their level of understanding fosters understanding and healing.
(813) 722-0748 View (813) 722-0748
Photo of Lana Phillips, MA, JD, BA, Pre-Licensed Professional
Lana Phillips
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, JD, BA
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Tampa, FL 33606
Therapy provides an unique opportunity to examine your current life circumstance with an empathic listener who accepts you unconditionally. Over time, you'll develop a better understanding of your own internal motivations, insecurities, values, and desires for your future. This self-knowledge opens up the possibility of living your life with greater intention, and hopefully, fewer regrets.
Therapy provides an unique opportunity to examine your current life circumstance with an empathic listener who accepts you unconditionally. Over time, you'll develop a better understanding of your own internal motivations, insecurities, values, and desires for your future. This self-knowledge opens up the possibility of living your life with greater intention, and hopefully, fewer regrets.
(813) 359-9862 View (813) 359-9862
Photo of Patsy Bernice Evans - HarmonyUs, Inc., LMHC, AP, PhD, Counselor
HarmonyUs, Inc.
Counselor, LMHC, AP, PhD
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Tampa, FL 33602
We believe in the importance of both Science and Spirituality in our work. We are advocates for both Herbal and Prescription treatment and believe in the use of both Eastern and Western medical systems to treat disease and maintain health. We practice a model of therapy, coaching, and counseling which is collaborative, open and holistic in nature. Our therapeutic relationship should feel warm, safe and be connecting. This model is different than many counseling models which have a less collaborative flavor. In these models typically the therapist is the "expert" in the room and should not be challenged.
We believe in the importance of both Science and Spirituality in our work. We are advocates for both Herbal and Prescription treatment and believe in the use of both Eastern and Western medical systems to treat disease and maintain health. We practice a model of therapy, coaching, and counseling which is collaborative, open and holistic in nature. Our therapeutic relationship should feel warm, safe and be connecting. This model is different than many counseling models which have a less collaborative flavor. In these models typically the therapist is the "expert" in the room and should not be challenged.
(813) 438-4599 View (813) 438-4599
Photo of Norrine L Russell - Russell Coaching, LLC
Russell Coaching, LLC
Verified Verified
Tampa, FL 33618
Let’s face it, being a parent of a struggling student is tough. So is being a struggling student. At Russell Coaching, we walk with you on your journey. Along the way we provide support, resources, and tools to help you and your student transform chaos into calm. We specialize in academic coaching for students, life coaching for tweens and teens, and coaching and school choice consultations for parents. Sessions are customized to match each client’s specific needs and goals. Our coaches have advanced degrees and extensive training working with youth and teens. Connect with us to see how we can help you and your student thrive!
Let’s face it, being a parent of a struggling student is tough. So is being a struggling student. At Russell Coaching, we walk with you on your journey. Along the way we provide support, resources, and tools to help you and your student transform chaos into calm. We specialize in academic coaching for students, life coaching for tweens and teens, and coaching and school choice consultations for parents. Sessions are customized to match each client’s specific needs and goals. Our coaches have advanced degrees and extensive training working with youth and teens. Connect with us to see how we can help you and your student thrive!
(813) 548-4208 View (813) 548-4208
Photo of Anne Marie Collier, LMHC, CHT, Counselor
Anne Marie Collier
Counselor, LMHC, CHT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Tampa, FL 33602
Not accepting new clients
It is time to stop avoiding painful and traumatic memories and to start living your life again. I strive to help my clients feel calm and secure within themselves and the world around them. As a licensed mental health counselor, my passion is helping people overcome challenges, make changes to become healthier and happier, and live their best lives. My goal is to help you prioritize your well-being and celebrate all aspects of your authentic self.
It is time to stop avoiding painful and traumatic memories and to start living your life again. I strive to help my clients feel calm and secure within themselves and the world around them. As a licensed mental health counselor, my passion is helping people overcome challenges, make changes to become healthier and happier, and live their best lives. My goal is to help you prioritize your well-being and celebrate all aspects of your authentic self.
(813) 536-5855 View (813) 536-5855
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How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Tampa, FL

2,000+

Average cost per session

$130

Therapists in Tampa, FL who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
87% Depression
75% Self Esteem
73% Coping Skills
68% Relationship Issues
68% Trauma and PTSD
68% Stress

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

89% Aetna
79% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
78% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Tampa, FL see their clients

51% In Person and Online
49% Online Only

Gender breakdown

83% Female
16% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Tampa?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.