Counselling in B90

Photo of Julie Ellis - Crystalclear counselling, Counsellor, MBACP
Crystalclear counselling
Counsellor, MBACP
My name is Julie and I am a qualified counsellor offering face to face counselling in my garden studio in Solihull. Psychodynamic therapy allows you to understand how events and emotions from your past may be acting as a trigger in the present. This is just one of the many techniques I use to unpack the unconscious thought patterns that can impact your behaviour and emotions. Therapy is for anyone suffering from any of the following:- Depression Anxiety Grief or bereavement Trauma Anger issues Stress Separation or relationship issues Low self esteem And many more every day mental health issues.
My name is Julie and I am a qualified counsellor offering face to face counselling in my garden studio in Solihull. Psychodynamic therapy allows you to understand how events and emotions from your past may be acting as a trigger in the present. This is just one of the many techniques I use to unpack the unconscious thought patterns that can impact your behaviour and emotions. Therapy is for anyone suffering from any of the following:- Depression Anxiety Grief or bereavement Trauma Anger issues Stress Separation or relationship issues Low self esteem And many more every day mental health issues.
0121 816 0220 View 0121 816 0220
Photo of Scott Mottram - Insight Counselling and Psychotherapy, Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
Therapy for a More Grounded and Resilient You! It’s completely normal to feel overwhelmed, stuck, or stretched thin by life's pressures. Perhaps you’re tired of the constant hum of anxiety, the lingering shadow of past experiences, or a quiet depression that dulls life's colors. These are not signs of weakness; they are a sign you need support. You don't have to navigate these challenges alone, and reaching out takes courage.As a BACP accredited counsellor, I provide a safe, confidential space where we focus on what's holding you back. My goal is to help you gently untangle your challenges and gain the confidence to move forward.
Therapy for a More Grounded and Resilient You! It’s completely normal to feel overwhelmed, stuck, or stretched thin by life's pressures. Perhaps you’re tired of the constant hum of anxiety, the lingering shadow of past experiences, or a quiet depression that dulls life's colors. These are not signs of weakness; they are a sign you need support. You don't have to navigate these challenges alone, and reaching out takes courage.As a BACP accredited counsellor, I provide a safe, confidential space where we focus on what's holding you back. My goal is to help you gently untangle your challenges and gain the confidence to move forward.
01564 335091 View 01564 335091
Photo of Gurmeash Kaur, Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Gurmeash Kaur
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
1 Endorsed
It can be a daunting, nervous and courageous step when accessing psychological support and reading this means that you have already thought about this, which is an achievement! It can sometimes be difficult to prioritise and give importance to our own needs, it can make us feel guilty or undeserving. However, I believe self-care and self-love, are at the root of living a healthy well-being. I have a positive working attitude and strongly believe in creating an open and honest therapeutic relationship. I use different psychological frameworks and tailor my approach to effectively support my clients with their psychological distress.
It can be a daunting, nervous and courageous step when accessing psychological support and reading this means that you have already thought about this, which is an achievement! It can sometimes be difficult to prioritise and give importance to our own needs, it can make us feel guilty or undeserving. However, I believe self-care and self-love, are at the root of living a healthy well-being. I have a positive working attitude and strongly believe in creating an open and honest therapeutic relationship. I use different psychological frameworks and tailor my approach to effectively support my clients with their psychological distress.
0121 817 7161 View 0121 817 7161
Photo of Lydia Charlotte Stafford
Lydia Charlotte Stafford
Verified Verified
Are you feeling stuck or overwhelmed by emotional, physical, or behavioural struggles linked to past trauma? I’m a certified EMDR therapist with over 20 years of experience in Mental Health, including work with children, adolescents, and adults. I offer EMDR as a powerful, evidence-based therapy to help reduce distress, build resilience, and support post-traumatic growth. Based in the West Midlands, I provide both in-person and online sessions, and offer a free initial consultation. All ages and backgrounds welcome. With younger children, I also offer joint work with parents.
Are you feeling stuck or overwhelmed by emotional, physical, or behavioural struggles linked to past trauma? I’m a certified EMDR therapist with over 20 years of experience in Mental Health, including work with children, adolescents, and adults. I offer EMDR as a powerful, evidence-based therapy to help reduce distress, build resilience, and support post-traumatic growth. Based in the West Midlands, I provide both in-person and online sessions, and offer a free initial consultation. All ages and backgrounds welcome. With younger children, I also offer joint work with parents.
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Photo of Stuart Hannah, Psychotherapist, ACP
Stuart Hannah
Psychotherapist, ACP
Hello I am an experienced Child and Adolescent Psychotherapist and Adult Psychotherapist in Training. Contact me to talk over your worries about you, your family or for help with issues like depression, anxiety, relationship difficulties, neurodivergence amongst others
Hello I am an experienced Child and Adolescent Psychotherapist and Adult Psychotherapist in Training. Contact me to talk over your worries about you, your family or for help with issues like depression, anxiety, relationship difficulties, neurodivergence amongst others
0121 809 2389 View 0121 809 2389
Photo of Emma Carrington, Counsellor, MSc, MBACP
Emma Carrington
Counsellor, MSc, MBACP
5 Endorsed
My counselling approach combines aspects of Person Centred Therapy, Transactional Analysis and Psychodynamic Therapy. As a counsellor my job is to help you to both make sense of what is happening to you and to find a way to live with the challenges you are facing. I strongly believe that the best way to do this is to create a safe relationship where you don’t feel judged and can explore all of your feelings. My counselling approach combines aspects of Person Centred Therapy, Transactional Analysis and Psychodynamic Therapy. As a counsellor my job is to help you to both make sense of what is happening to you.
My counselling approach combines aspects of Person Centred Therapy, Transactional Analysis and Psychodynamic Therapy. As a counsellor my job is to help you to both make sense of what is happening to you and to find a way to live with the challenges you are facing. I strongly believe that the best way to do this is to create a safe relationship where you don’t feel judged and can explore all of your feelings. My counselling approach combines aspects of Person Centred Therapy, Transactional Analysis and Psychodynamic Therapy. As a counsellor my job is to help you to both make sense of what is happening to you.
0117 463 0464 View 0117 463 0464
Photo of Sophie Rose, Counsellor, MBACP
Sophie Rose
Counsellor, MBACP
5 Endorsed
Life brings all sorts of challenges and some can be much harder to overcome than others. Most adults can remember a time when they were dealing with a situation so tough that everyday living became more challenging than usual. For children and young people, who have not had time to develop their own coping strategies, such situations are even more difficult to cope with. Many children who are having a difficult time do not know what it is that they are feeling and cannot put it into words. Counselling for children and young people might be slightly different to the traditional idea of therapy you may have in mind.
Life brings all sorts of challenges and some can be much harder to overcome than others. Most adults can remember a time when they were dealing with a situation so tough that everyday living became more challenging than usual. For children and young people, who have not had time to develop their own coping strategies, such situations are even more difficult to cope with. Many children who are having a difficult time do not know what it is that they are feeling and cannot put it into words. Counselling for children and young people might be slightly different to the traditional idea of therapy you may have in mind.
01564 335981 View 01564 335981
Photo of Dr Abida Choudhry, Psychologist, AFBPSsS
Dr Abida Choudhry
Psychologist, AFBPSsS
1 Endorsed
Welcome to my page! If you are feeling stressed, anxious, or overwhelmed, you are not alone. The simple fact that you are here shows a powerful desire for change and a longing for inner healing. I am a chartered psychologist (BPS & HCPC accredited) with an extensive experience in providing assessments and treatment to adult, children and families. My practice is informed by Counselling, CBT, Psychodynamic, Person Centered, Existential, attachment and Systemic Family approaches. I am a fully qualified EMDR therapist. EMDR is an evidence-based therapy widely used for complex traumas.
Welcome to my page! If you are feeling stressed, anxious, or overwhelmed, you are not alone. The simple fact that you are here shows a powerful desire for change and a longing for inner healing. I am a chartered psychologist (BPS & HCPC accredited) with an extensive experience in providing assessments and treatment to adult, children and families. My practice is informed by Counselling, CBT, Psychodynamic, Person Centered, Existential, attachment and Systemic Family approaches. I am a fully qualified EMDR therapist. EMDR is an evidence-based therapy widely used for complex traumas.
01564 334894 View 01564 334894
Photo of Karine Harber, Psychotherapist, MSc
Karine Harber
Psychotherapist, MSc
5 Endorsed
In my therapeutic practice, I combine person-centred approaches with developmental and attachment theories. I specialise in working with children who have limited verbal communication skills and in some cases therapy for non-verbal children. I integrate art, play, movement, role play, and storytelling into my work with young people and children. By employing a wide range of creative techniques, I aim to engage and connect with each child individually, fostering their personal growth and self-expression. My passion lies in helping and supporting children in their journey to become the best versions of themselves. .
In my therapeutic practice, I combine person-centred approaches with developmental and attachment theories. I specialise in working with children who have limited verbal communication skills and in some cases therapy for non-verbal children. I integrate art, play, movement, role play, and storytelling into my work with young people and children. By employing a wide range of creative techniques, I aim to engage and connect with each child individually, fostering their personal growth and self-expression. My passion lies in helping and supporting children in their journey to become the best versions of themselves. .
0117 463 2156 View 0117 463 2156
Photo of Carla Devereux, Psychotherapist, MA, GMBPsS
Carla Devereux
Psychotherapist, MA, GMBPsS
I support individuals and couples facing stress, anxiety, trauma, and early childhood challenges. A key focus of my work is supporting relationships that are experiencing strain or disconnection. This may include communication breakdown, where conversations become difficult, unproductive or conflict-driven; a decline in intimacy, where emotional or physical closeness has faded; or broken trust, including the complex and often painful aftermath of affairs. I help you gain insight into your thoughts and behaviours, while guiding you to develop practical skills to cope, repair and move forward.
I support individuals and couples facing stress, anxiety, trauma, and early childhood challenges. A key focus of my work is supporting relationships that are experiencing strain or disconnection. This may include communication breakdown, where conversations become difficult, unproductive or conflict-driven; a decline in intimacy, where emotional or physical closeness has faded; or broken trust, including the complex and often painful aftermath of affairs. I help you gain insight into your thoughts and behaviours, while guiding you to develop practical skills to cope, repair and move forward.
0121 312 3546 View 0121 312 3546
Photo of Gabriel Laurent Cadet de Fontenay, Psychologist, MA, HCPC - Couns. Psych.
Gabriel Laurent Cadet de Fontenay
Psychologist, MA, HCPC - Couns. Psych.
If work has pushed you past your limits, you may recognise the pattern. Exhausted but wired. Irritable with people you care about. Unable to switch off, and starting to wonder whether this is burnout or something more like depression. Many of my clients are professional men who carried this for a long time before contacting anyone. Therapy with me is confidential and practical, and we work to a plan agreed between us.
If work has pushed you past your limits, you may recognise the pattern. Exhausted but wired. Irritable with people you care about. Unable to switch off, and starting to wonder whether this is burnout or something more like depression. Many of my clients are professional men who carried this for a long time before contacting anyone. Therapy with me is confidential and practical, and we work to a plan agreed between us.
0121 728 2225 View 0121 728 2225
Photo of Dr Rebecca Morgan, Counsellor, PhD, MNCPS Acc.
Dr Rebecca Morgan
Counsellor, PhD, MNCPS Acc.
1 Endorsed
Are feeling overwhelmed, stuck, or exhausted from masking feelings of shame, feeling "different", or like there's something wrong with you? I understand that things may look manageable from the outside when inside, it feels like a constant effort. As an AuDHD therapist, I bring both lived understanding and over 20 years' professional experience in psychology and mental health. I recognise how important it is to feel truly seen and accepted as you are, not to be "fixed". I offer a warm, nonjudgmental space to help make sense of your experiences at your own pace. Please get in touch to arrange a chat - I'd love to hear from you.
Are feeling overwhelmed, stuck, or exhausted from masking feelings of shame, feeling "different", or like there's something wrong with you? I understand that things may look manageable from the outside when inside, it feels like a constant effort. As an AuDHD therapist, I bring both lived understanding and over 20 years' professional experience in psychology and mental health. I recognise how important it is to feel truly seen and accepted as you are, not to be "fixed". I offer a warm, nonjudgmental space to help make sense of your experiences at your own pace. Please get in touch to arrange a chat - I'd love to hear from you.
0121 816 0101 View 0121 816 0101
Photo of Hayley Clayton - Hayley Jayne Clayton, Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
Hayley Jayne Clayton
Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
Hi I’m Hayley and I’m a qualified intregative counsellor, which means I draw from different therapeutic styles to suit my clients individual needs. I was once in your position so I know how daunting it can be to reach out for support. I am passionate about guiding others to find their path to a fulfilling life
Hi I’m Hayley and I’m a qualified intregative counsellor, which means I draw from different therapeutic styles to suit my clients individual needs. I was once in your position so I know how daunting it can be to reach out for support. I am passionate about guiding others to find their path to a fulfilling life
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Photo of Amy McFetridge, Psychotherapist, MBACP
Amy McFetridge
Psychotherapist, MBACP
You’ve tried to push through. You’ve read the books, listened to podcasts, maybe even told yourself it’s “not that bad.” But deep down, you know something isn’t shifting. The anxiety lingers, your confidence takes a hit, and the same patterns keep showing up in your relationships. If you’re feeling overwhelmed, disconnected, or stuck in survival mode, you don’t have to navigate it alone.
You’ve tried to push through. You’ve read the books, listened to podcasts, maybe even told yourself it’s “not that bad.” But deep down, you know something isn’t shifting. The anxiety lingers, your confidence takes a hit, and the same patterns keep showing up in your relationships. If you’re feeling overwhelmed, disconnected, or stuck in survival mode, you don’t have to navigate it alone.
01564 335110 View 01564 335110
Photo of Yulia Claridge, Psychotherapist, UKCP Trainee
Yulia Claridge
Psychotherapist, UKCP Trainee
6 Endorsed
Are you wondering why becoming a parent feels so different from what you expected? Or questioning whether you want children at all? Pregnancy, infertility, miscarriage, later motherhood, early parenthood, relationship strain, or raising a child away from family can quietly unsettle your foundation. These experiences often bring loneliness, resentment, guilt, numbness, or doubt. You may love your child deeply and still feel overwhelmed. You may question your relationship. You may question yourself.
Are you wondering why becoming a parent feels so different from what you expected? Or questioning whether you want children at all? Pregnancy, infertility, miscarriage, later motherhood, early parenthood, relationship strain, or raising a child away from family can quietly unsettle your foundation. These experiences often bring loneliness, resentment, guilt, numbness, or doubt. You may love your child deeply and still feel overwhelmed. You may question your relationship. You may question yourself.
0121 809 5174 View 0121 809 5174
Photo of Sinead Carroll, Psychologist, HCPC - Forensic Psych.
Sinead Carroll
Psychologist, HCPC - Forensic Psych.
Serves Area
I am a chartered forensic psychologist with 20 yrs’ experience of working with people with a history of mental illness, emotional disturbance, personality difficulties, learning difficulties, offending behaviour, and other psychological difficulties. I trained and supervised a range of healthcare professionals across the UK. Working with both male, female and non-binary clients, my aim is to personalise therapy to individual client needs, having a proven track record in positive outcomes for people experiencing emotional difficulties. I understand the importance for clients to feel safe, to connect with their values, and others.
I am a chartered forensic psychologist with 20 yrs’ experience of working with people with a history of mental illness, emotional disturbance, personality difficulties, learning difficulties, offending behaviour, and other psychological difficulties. I trained and supervised a range of healthcare professionals across the UK. Working with both male, female and non-binary clients, my aim is to personalise therapy to individual client needs, having a proven track record in positive outcomes for people experiencing emotional difficulties. I understand the importance for clients to feel safe, to connect with their values, and others.
07403 928506 View 07403 928506
Photo of Joanne Kenning, Psychotherapist, MBACP Accred
Joanne Kenning
Psychotherapist, MBACP Accred
Serves Area
A warm welcome to you! I'm Jo and I’m a counsellor and psychotherapist with a wealth of experience in providing support to clients with a range of difficulties and concerns from relationship difficulties to anxiety, low self-esteem and work related issues to name a few! Whatever your struggle may be, the good news is you’ve taken the first step in making a positive change, and that is why you are currently reading these very words - you are considering counselling and although that may seem scary right now it also may be the best decision you ever made. (I offer an initial free 30 minute online consultation to all new clients)
A warm welcome to you! I'm Jo and I’m a counsellor and psychotherapist with a wealth of experience in providing support to clients with a range of difficulties and concerns from relationship difficulties to anxiety, low self-esteem and work related issues to name a few! Whatever your struggle may be, the good news is you’ve taken the first step in making a positive change, and that is why you are currently reading these very words - you are considering counselling and although that may seem scary right now it also may be the best decision you ever made. (I offer an initial free 30 minute online consultation to all new clients)
01676 939487 View 01676 939487
Photo of Punam Farmah - Red Maple Counselling, Counsellor, MBACP
Red Maple Counselling
Counsellor, MBACP
Serves Area
The relationships and experiences that we have, shape the way that we understand the world around. These can make us feel uneasy, and we need to think out aloud. Having an objective ear can help to better understand ourselves. This can be related to personal relationships, our working life, family challenges, life events and many aspects of the world around us. I offer a space that works ethically, and within the boundaries of confidentiality and safeguarding. I aim to support exploration of how challenges and concerns can be overcome in a collaborative way and at your pace. I offer individual counselling.
The relationships and experiences that we have, shape the way that we understand the world around. These can make us feel uneasy, and we need to think out aloud. Having an objective ear can help to better understand ourselves. This can be related to personal relationships, our working life, family challenges, life events and many aspects of the world around us. I offer a space that works ethically, and within the boundaries of confidentiality and safeguarding. I aim to support exploration of how challenges and concerns can be overcome in a collaborative way and at your pace. I offer individual counselling.
01785 904995 View 01785 904995
Photo of Dr Michael Swift, Psychotherapist, MSc, MBACP
Dr Michael Swift
Psychotherapist, MSc, MBACP
Serves Area
Hi, I'm Dr Mike! I value authenticity and transparency in the therapy room. I became a therapist to empower you to make positive and lasting change. I'll be honest, I won't have all the answers, but I'm never afraid to accompany you on the journey to find them. In my practice, I am a compassionate and knowledgeable integrative psychotherapist who has worked in health care organizations for over 10 years. I mainly specialize in the use of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy and third wave therapy approaches for a range of mental health difficulties including anxiety, depression, specific phobias, OCD and health anxiety.
Hi, I'm Dr Mike! I value authenticity and transparency in the therapy room. I became a therapist to empower you to make positive and lasting change. I'll be honest, I won't have all the answers, but I'm never afraid to accompany you on the journey to find them. In my practice, I am a compassionate and knowledgeable integrative psychotherapist who has worked in health care organizations for over 10 years. I mainly specialize in the use of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy and third wave therapy approaches for a range of mental health difficulties including anxiety, depression, specific phobias, OCD and health anxiety.
01564 335986 View 01564 335986
Photo of Rita Squarza, Psychologist, PsychD, CPsychol
Rita Squarza
Psychologist, PsychD, CPsychol
Serves Area
Hello, I’m Dr Rita, a Chartered Psychologist and Associate Fellow of the British Psychological Society, and a UKCP-registered Full Clinical Psychotherapist. I am also a Certified Transactional Analyst (CTA; UKATA & EATA qualified member), a Certified Anxiety Treatment Professional (CCATP), and a Jungian Coach. I offer personalised integrative therapy for adults and young adults—students, staff, couples, or anyone facing stress, anxiety, life transitions, or relationship challenges. I help you feel grounded, gain clarity, and build healthier relationships. Available near the University of Warwick, Coventry, and surrounding areas.
Hello, I’m Dr Rita, a Chartered Psychologist and Associate Fellow of the British Psychological Society, and a UKCP-registered Full Clinical Psychotherapist. I am also a Certified Transactional Analyst (CTA; UKATA & EATA qualified member), a Certified Anxiety Treatment Professional (CCATP), and a Jungian Coach. I offer personalised integrative therapy for adults and young adults—students, staff, couples, or anyone facing stress, anxiety, life transitions, or relationship challenges. I help you feel grounded, gain clarity, and build healthier relationships. Available near the University of Warwick, Coventry, and surrounding areas.
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How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in B90

70+

Average cost per session

£60

Counsellors in B90 who prioritize treating:

94% Anxiety
91% Self Esteem
86% Depression
86% Stress
80% Relationship Issues
67% Trauma and PTSD
67% Complex PTSD

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

81% Aviva
76% AXA PPP
62% Bupa

How Counsellors in B90 see their clients

84% In Person and Online
16% Online Only

Gender breakdown

74% Female
26% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in B90?

Search for nearby therapists or counsellors by inputting your city, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (BACP) and the UK Council for Psychotherapy (UKCP). Most Psychologists in the directory are accredited members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and/or are registered in the Health and Care Professions Council (HPCP).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for psychotherapists and counsellors in the UK, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in the UK. Psychologists have earned a degree in psychology and many are members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and have completed a postgraduate qualification in a specialism. Counsellors and Psychotherapists are not required to have a psychology degree, but to belong to a professional organisation such as the BACP or UKCP, they are required to have completed a training course as well as clinical and supervision hours.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the UK could be between £30 - £60 when seeing a counsellor and £60 - £150 and up when seeing a clinical psychologist. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The NHS Talking therapies programme offers free of charge counselling for common mental health problems like anxiety and depression. The service is available to anyone registered with a GP, though you do not necessarily need to be referred by your GP and can refer yourself directly to a Talking therapies service. The service will provide different solutions, including group and individual therapy, for a limited number of sessions which are generally up to six.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the BACP, the UKCP, or BPS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there has been participation in a criminal act or act of terror, or if there is potential or known harm to the client or others, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.