Anxiety Therapists in L4B

Photo of Iris Chanmi Park, Registered Psychotherapist in L4B, ON
Iris Chanmi Park
Registered Psychotherapist, MDiv, RP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Richmond Hill, ON L4B  (Online Only)
My areas of specialization are depression, anxiety, anger, trauma, abuse, PTSD, family/interpersonal issues, and parenting.
I am a Registered Psychotherapist with expertise in working with individuals, couples, and families who are struggling with social, emotional, and mental health challenges. I am passionate about journeying with people sensitively through their changes, growth and healing process, and helping clients recover from trauma. I have experience working with individuals (children, youth, and adults), couples and families to manage overwhelming emotions. I enjoy working with parents, providing them with strategies to manage different challenges.
My areas of specialization are depression, anxiety, anger, trauma, abuse, PTSD, family/interpersonal issues, and parenting.
I am a Registered Psychotherapist with expertise in working with individuals, couples, and families who are struggling with social, emotional, and mental health challenges. I am passionate about journeying with people sensitively through their changes, growth and healing process, and helping clients recover from trauma. I have experience working with individuals (children, youth, and adults), couples and families to manage overwhelming emotions. I enjoy working with parents, providing them with strategies to manage different challenges.
(289) 275-9196 View (289) 275-9196
Photo of Dr Carolyne Lee @ FLEX Psychology, Psychologist in L4B, ON
Dr Carolyne Lee @ FLEX Psychology
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Many people experience difficulty managing their emotions or feel “stuck” in life. Collaboratively, we will work together towards meaningful change. My approach is informed by Emotion-Focused, Cognitive-Behavioural, and Acceptance and Commitment therapies. I provide therapy to teens and adults, with particular expertise in depression, anxiety, relationship issues, and trauma/abuse.
Many people experience difficulty managing their emotions or feel “stuck” in life. Collaboratively, we will work together towards meaningful change. My approach is informed by Emotion-Focused, Cognitive-Behavioural, and Acceptance and Commitment therapies. I provide therapy to teens and adults, with particular expertise in depression, anxiety, relationship issues, and trauma/abuse.
(289) 809-6177 View (289) 809-6177
Photo of Charmaine Johnson, Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying) in L4B, ON
Charmaine Johnson
Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying), MACP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Richmond Hill, ON L4B  (Online Only)
My areas of expertise include anxiety, depression, self-worth, interpersonal relationships, racial identity, body image, inter-generational patterns/trauma, addictions & career strategizing.
Holistic Well-being / Career Counselling / Hypnotherapy ... As a culturally competent Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying), I understand the cultural nuances that influence the Black/BIPOC community in the GTA. From personal struggles to intercultural dynamics, intergenerational matters, workplace/educational hurdles, systemic barriers, and micro-aggressions — these factors influence how you perceive yourself and your role within society. While the majority of my clients are from the African diaspora, I’m happy to meet with anyone who wants to share their story with me and welcome me as a supportive member of your village.
My areas of expertise include anxiety, depression, self-worth, interpersonal relationships, racial identity, body image, inter-generational patterns/trauma, addictions & career strategizing.
Holistic Well-being / Career Counselling / Hypnotherapy ... As a culturally competent Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying), I understand the cultural nuances that influence the Black/BIPOC community in the GTA. From personal struggles to intercultural dynamics, intergenerational matters, workplace/educational hurdles, systemic barriers, and micro-aggressions — these factors influence how you perceive yourself and your role within society. While the majority of my clients are from the African diaspora, I’m happy to meet with anyone who wants to share their story with me and welcome me as a supportive member of your village.
(647) 496-1166 View (647) 496-1166
Photo of Andrea Keel | Wild Sage Therapy, Registered Social Worker in L4B, ON
Andrea Keel | Wild Sage Therapy
Registered Social Worker, MSW, RSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Richmond Hill, ON L4B  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
You thought you'd have life all figured out by the time you reached your 30s but you're feeling more lost & anxious than ever lately. The pressure of hitting those life milestones (get married, buy a home, have kids, progress your career) leaves your head spinning. You're constantly overthinking, doubting yourself & feeling like your best is never good enough. Not to mention the every day struggle of balancing all of your responsibilities, relationships & goals. Everything has gotten so overwhelming and this isn't where you pictured yourself at this point in your life. You're ready for a change.
You thought you'd have life all figured out by the time you reached your 30s but you're feeling more lost & anxious than ever lately. The pressure of hitting those life milestones (get married, buy a home, have kids, progress your career) leaves your head spinning. You're constantly overthinking, doubting yourself & feeling like your best is never good enough. Not to mention the every day struggle of balancing all of your responsibilities, relationships & goals. Everything has gotten so overwhelming and this isn't where you pictured yourself at this point in your life. You're ready for a change.
(289) 312-2770 View (289) 312-2770
Photo of Wild Sage Therapy | Thriving in your 20s & 30s in L4B, ON
Wild Sage Therapy | Thriving in your 20s & 30s
MSW, RSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Richmond Hill, ON L4B  (Online Only)
Life in your 20s/30s has felt so defeating lately and you're TIRED. It feels like no matter how hard you try, you're spinning in circles and can't catch a break. Maybe a big change happened recently- a breakup, big move, job change, or family shift- that completely flipped your world upside down and brought everything to the surface? Maybe you've been feeling stuck, anxious and unfulfilled for awhile now and see that you're repeating the same patterns over and over again? You're ready for a change and want to dig deeper, gain a better understanding of yourself & create new patterns that will get you where you want to be.
Life in your 20s/30s has felt so defeating lately and you're TIRED. It feels like no matter how hard you try, you're spinning in circles and can't catch a break. Maybe a big change happened recently- a breakup, big move, job change, or family shift- that completely flipped your world upside down and brought everything to the surface? Maybe you've been feeling stuck, anxious and unfulfilled for awhile now and see that you're repeating the same patterns over and over again? You're ready for a change and want to dig deeper, gain a better understanding of yourself & create new patterns that will get you where you want to be.
(289) 271-1439 View (289) 271-1439
Photo of Amreeta Kaur - The Inner Compass Therapist, Registered Social Worker in L4B, ON
Amreeta Kaur - The Inner Compass Therapist
Registered Social Worker, MSW, RSW
Verified Verified
13 Endorsed
Richmond Hill, ON L4B  (Online Only)
What if you can stop feeling anxious and overwhelmed, and start feeling more secure and confident? What if you are no longer striving to please others and are able to stop worrying about whether others are judging you? I can help you to overcome these nagging insecurities and listen to your inner compass so that you can build motivation, courageously make choices and connect with others authentically.
What if you can stop feeling anxious and overwhelmed, and start feeling more secure and confident? What if you are no longer striving to please others and are able to stop worrying about whether others are judging you? I can help you to overcome these nagging insecurities and listen to your inner compass so that you can build motivation, courageously make choices and connect with others authentically.
(647) 931-4223 View (647) 931-4223
Photo of Suzan Chu, Registered Social Worker in L4B, ON
Suzan Chu
Registered Social Worker, MSW, RSW
Verified Verified
I have worked with children, teens, adults, and families for over 14 years in various settings, which include schools, day treatment programs, community mental health agencies, and within the child welfare and foster care system. I have also facilitated groups for parents who want to prevent and treat social, emotional, and behavioural problems that their children are facing. My mission is to help others navigate life's challenges by helping them develop tools to cope with challenges related to anxiety, depression, trauma, loss, fertility, parenting, self-esteem, relationships, and life transitions.
I have worked with children, teens, adults, and families for over 14 years in various settings, which include schools, day treatment programs, community mental health agencies, and within the child welfare and foster care system. I have also facilitated groups for parents who want to prevent and treat social, emotional, and behavioural problems that their children are facing. My mission is to help others navigate life's challenges by helping them develop tools to cope with challenges related to anxiety, depression, trauma, loss, fertility, parenting, self-esteem, relationships, and life transitions.
(289) 236-0976 View (289) 236-0976
Photo of Aastha Jain, Registered Psychotherapist in L4B, ON
Aastha Jain
Registered Psychotherapist
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Richmond Hill, ON L4B  (Online Only)
Trauma, immigration related difficulties, and anxiety psychotherapist. You may be considering therapy to understand yourself better, or you may be going through some intense emotional pain and want relief. The reasons you are seeking therapy could be due to depression, panic attacks, relationship difficulties, feeling ‘empty’ or ‘stuck’. At times it may feel like traumatic experiences from the past are still affecting you in unexplainable ways. You may have experienced a deep loss, it could be the loss of a loved one, one’s homeland, or the loss in terms of unlived life. Whatever your reason might be, your feelings are valid.
Trauma, immigration related difficulties, and anxiety psychotherapist. You may be considering therapy to understand yourself better, or you may be going through some intense emotional pain and want relief. The reasons you are seeking therapy could be due to depression, panic attacks, relationship difficulties, feeling ‘empty’ or ‘stuck’. At times it may feel like traumatic experiences from the past are still affecting you in unexplainable ways. You may have experienced a deep loss, it could be the loss of a loved one, one’s homeland, or the loss in terms of unlived life. Whatever your reason might be, your feelings are valid.
(289) 206-7300 View (289) 206-7300
Photo of Julia Mazzotta | Anxiety | Relationships | Dating | Life Stress, Registered Social Worker in L4B, ON
Julia Mazzotta | Anxiety | Relationships | Dating | Life Stress
Registered Social Worker, MSW, RSW
Verified Verified
Richmond Hill, ON L4B  (Online Only)
I specialize in helping millennial & gen z adults struggling with anxiety, depression, relationships, trauma & stress.
Your 20s/30s aren't what you expected them to be and you feel more lost than ever lately. Between building your career, relationships, life changes & responsibilities, it feels like you're drowning and the panic to get your life together is REAL. Some days you manage to push it all to the side and focus on your day-to-day, but your anxieties flood to the surface the second you're alone with your thoughts. Your mood shifts, you get a pit in your stomach, and you start to doubt and question ev-ery-thing. You're exhausted, over feeling stuck and are ready to feel good about your life and where you're headed. I hear you and I can help!
I specialize in helping millennial & gen z adults struggling with anxiety, depression, relationships, trauma & stress.
Your 20s/30s aren't what you expected them to be and you feel more lost than ever lately. Between building your career, relationships, life changes & responsibilities, it feels like you're drowning and the panic to get your life together is REAL. Some days you manage to push it all to the side and focus on your day-to-day, but your anxieties flood to the surface the second you're alone with your thoughts. Your mood shifts, you get a pit in your stomach, and you start to doubt and question ev-ery-thing. You're exhausted, over feeling stuck and are ready to feel good about your life and where you're headed. I hear you and I can help!
(289) 367-0004 View (289) 367-0004
Photo of Koon-Chee Grace Chan, Registered Psychotherapist in L4B, ON
Koon-Chee Grace Chan
Registered Psychotherapist, MSocSc, RSW, RP
Verified Verified
Having a passion for Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy and Mindfulness, she uses these therapeutic approaches effectively to work with clients who experience emotional distress, such as depression and anxiety.
Ms. Koon-chee Grace Chan (preferred to be called Grace) received her Bachelor's degree in Psychology from the University of Wisconsin-Madison, and her Master's degree in Counselling from the University of South Australia. She is a Registered Psychotherapist and Registered Social Worker in Ontario and is an experienced mental health practitioner. She obtained an Advanced Certificate of Cognitive Behavior Therapy for Complex Disorders from the University of Toronto and is a member of the Canadian Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy Association. She is also a member of Hong Kong Professional Counselling Association.
Having a passion for Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy and Mindfulness, she uses these therapeutic approaches effectively to work with clients who experience emotional distress, such as depression and anxiety.
Ms. Koon-chee Grace Chan (preferred to be called Grace) received her Bachelor's degree in Psychology from the University of Wisconsin-Madison, and her Master's degree in Counselling from the University of South Australia. She is a Registered Psychotherapist and Registered Social Worker in Ontario and is an experienced mental health practitioner. She obtained an Advanced Certificate of Cognitive Behavior Therapy for Complex Disorders from the University of Toronto and is a member of the Canadian Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy Association. She is also a member of Hong Kong Professional Counselling Association.
(289) 807-2671 View (289) 807-2671
Photo of Natalie Ho, Registered Psychotherapist in L4B, ON
Natalie Ho
Registered Psychotherapist, MA, RP
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Richmond Hill, ON L4B  (Online Only)
I have experience providing services in both short-term and long-term contexts to adults who have presented with issues such as anxiety, depression, relationship issues, and grief.
The last few years have been hard on all of us. We have all grieved in some capacity, whether it be over the loss of a loved one, a relationship, a career, or simply the life that we knew before the world was changed by the pandemic. As someone who has been in therapy myself, I know how important it is to have a safe space in which we can process the ups and downs of life.
I have experience providing services in both short-term and long-term contexts to adults who have presented with issues such as anxiety, depression, relationship issues, and grief.
The last few years have been hard on all of us. We have all grieved in some capacity, whether it be over the loss of a loved one, a relationship, a career, or simply the life that we knew before the world was changed by the pandemic. As someone who has been in therapy myself, I know how important it is to have a safe space in which we can process the ups and downs of life.
(289) 272-8502 View (289) 272-8502
Photo of About Fact Online Counselling .ca, Registered Social Worker in L4B, ON
About Fact Online Counselling .ca
Registered Social Worker, RSW, MSW, BSW, BA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Richmond Hill, ON L4B  (Online Only)
If you are suffering with PTSD, Anxiety, marital issues, relationship issues, eating disorders, addictions, infidelity and anger issues I would love to speak to you!.
I served in the Canadian Armed Forces. I counsel Veteran’s and Veteran Couples and I practice all over Ontario. I have worked for 15 years with soldiers and Veterans with mainly PTSD. I use C-CBT, CBT, Solution Focus Brief Therapy and Narrative therapy.
If you are suffering with PTSD, Anxiety, marital issues, relationship issues, eating disorders, addictions, infidelity and anger issues I would love to speak to you!.
I served in the Canadian Armed Forces. I counsel Veteran’s and Veteran Couples and I practice all over Ontario. I have worked for 15 years with soldiers and Veterans with mainly PTSD. I use C-CBT, CBT, Solution Focus Brief Therapy and Narrative therapy.
(289) 270-6871 View (289) 270-6871
Photo of GTA Psychotherapy, Registered Psychotherapist in L4B, ON
GTA Psychotherapy
Registered Psychotherapist, RP, RSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Hello, and Welcome to our page! Our practice specializes in Addiction, Anxiety, Stabilizing emotions, Depression, Sexual and Physical Abuse, Family/Relationships problems, and self-esteem. Not only can we assist you by giving you tools that you can use to cope with your day-to-day mental health struggles, but we can help you find the root of the cause. We are a team of Psychotherapists and Social Workers combined we have over 25+years of experience working with clients that have challenges with their past trauma that comes up and their overall mental health that is affecting their quality of life.
Hello, and Welcome to our page! Our practice specializes in Addiction, Anxiety, Stabilizing emotions, Depression, Sexual and Physical Abuse, Family/Relationships problems, and self-esteem. Not only can we assist you by giving you tools that you can use to cope with your day-to-day mental health struggles, but we can help you find the root of the cause. We are a team of Psychotherapists and Social Workers combined we have over 25+years of experience working with clients that have challenges with their past trauma that comes up and their overall mental health that is affecting their quality of life.
(289) 217-3608 View (289) 217-3608
Photo of Ariana Adibrad, Registered Social Worker in L4B, ON
Ariana Adibrad
Registered Social Worker, MSW
Verified Verified
I am a Registered Clinical Social Worker who exclusively work with children, teens and young adults who are struggling with anxiety, depression, trauma. I also help teens and adults in their career development journeys and guide them to build social skills and emotional intelligence as they grow.The basis of my work is focused on assisting clients to identify and overcome the challenges to achieve personal, and relational growth. I earned my Master’s degree in Clinical Social Work from Wilfrid Laurier University in Kitchener, Ontario.
I am a Registered Clinical Social Worker who exclusively work with children, teens and young adults who are struggling with anxiety, depression, trauma. I also help teens and adults in their career development journeys and guide them to build social skills and emotional intelligence as they grow.The basis of my work is focused on assisting clients to identify and overcome the challenges to achieve personal, and relational growth. I earned my Master’s degree in Clinical Social Work from Wilfrid Laurier University in Kitchener, Ontario.
(289) 807-0907 View (289) 807-0907
Photo of Shabana B, Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying) in L4B, ON
Shabana B
Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying), RP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
My work focuses on a wide range of struggles including Anxiety, Depression, Personality Disorder, Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), Relationship and Family struggles, and Stress.
I received her undergraduate degree in Health Science and later graduated with her Master’s in Clinical Mental Health Counselling. I am currently a professional member of the Canadian Counselling and Psychotherapy Association (CCPA) and a Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying) with the College of Registered Psychotherapists of Ontario (CRPO). During my internship, I worked with teens, adults, and couples.
My work focuses on a wide range of struggles including Anxiety, Depression, Personality Disorder, Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), Relationship and Family struggles, and Stress.
I received her undergraduate degree in Health Science and later graduated with her Master’s in Clinical Mental Health Counselling. I am currently a professional member of the Canadian Counselling and Psychotherapy Association (CCPA) and a Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying) with the College of Registered Psychotherapists of Ontario (CRPO). During my internship, I worked with teens, adults, and couples.
(289) 236-0761 View (289) 236-0761
Photo of Malaka Hakim, Registered Psychotherapist in L4B, ON
Malaka Hakim
Registered Psychotherapist, MD, MA, RP, TITC-CT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Malaka Hakim has a Doctorate in Medicine and a Master's of Arts in Counselling Psychology. She is an active member of the CRPO and a certified Clinical Traumatologist. Malaka helps clients with their stress, anxiety, depression, substance-use, anger management, behavioral issues, ADHD, ASD, along with other mental health disorders. She also works with a multitude of different approaches, including client -centered, ACT, Trauma-Focused CBT, DBT, MI, EFT, and strength based therapy. Malaka’s authentic personality, paired with a genuine respect for others allows her to work with clients that encounter varying degrees of challenges.
Malaka Hakim has a Doctorate in Medicine and a Master's of Arts in Counselling Psychology. She is an active member of the CRPO and a certified Clinical Traumatologist. Malaka helps clients with their stress, anxiety, depression, substance-use, anger management, behavioral issues, ADHD, ASD, along with other mental health disorders. She also works with a multitude of different approaches, including client -centered, ACT, Trauma-Focused CBT, DBT, MI, EFT, and strength based therapy. Malaka’s authentic personality, paired with a genuine respect for others allows her to work with clients that encounter varying degrees of challenges.
(437) 224-1329 View (437) 224-1329
Photo of Mahshid Abbasi, Registered Psychotherapist in L4B, ON
Mahshid Abbasi
Registered Psychotherapist, RP, CHyp, EFT, EMDR, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
I am a Registered Psychotherapist with the College of Ontario and an EMDR Clinician, Hypnotherapist in bilingual counselling (Farsi-English) to individuals, couples and families experiencing a variety of life transitions and challenges. I offer counselling within a safe conducive environment to individuals and couples. I have worked successfully with clients seeking support with personal growth, anger management, anxiety, coping with loss, child sexual abuse, relationship issues, life crisis, divorce and many other personal issues.
I am a Registered Psychotherapist with the College of Ontario and an EMDR Clinician, Hypnotherapist in bilingual counselling (Farsi-English) to individuals, couples and families experiencing a variety of life transitions and challenges. I offer counselling within a safe conducive environment to individuals and couples. I have worked successfully with clients seeking support with personal growth, anger management, anxiety, coping with loss, child sexual abuse, relationship issues, life crisis, divorce and many other personal issues.
(855) 976-3256 View (855) 976-3256
Photo of Zainab Abedini, Registered Psychotherapist in L4B, ON
Zainab Abedini
Registered Psychotherapist, MA, CRPO
Verified Verified
Richmond Hill, ON L4B  (Online Only)
My primary therapeutic modality is Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, a highly effective approach for individuals dealing with a wide range of psychological issues, including depression, anxiety, OCD, PTSD, etc.
As a registered psychotherapist with over 17 years of experience, I specialize in working with adults both individually and with their families. My approach is rooted in the belief that when we recognize areas in our lives that require change, we can work towards those changes with the necessary patience and courage. I also emphasize the importance of acceptance for those aspects of life that we cannot change. Through psychotherapy, I will work with you to build the quality of acceptance within yourself. My primary modality is cognitive behavior therapy (CBT), which has proven to be effective in treating a range of psychological dis
My primary therapeutic modality is Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, a highly effective approach for individuals dealing with a wide range of psychological issues, including depression, anxiety, OCD, PTSD, etc.
As a registered psychotherapist with over 17 years of experience, I specialize in working with adults both individually and with their families. My approach is rooted in the belief that when we recognize areas in our lives that require change, we can work towards those changes with the necessary patience and courage. I also emphasize the importance of acceptance for those aspects of life that we cannot change. Through psychotherapy, I will work with you to build the quality of acceptance within yourself. My primary modality is cognitive behavior therapy (CBT), which has proven to be effective in treating a range of psychological dis
(289) 271-0422 View (289) 271-0422
Photo of Hourzad Salehi, Registered Psychotherapist in L4B, ON
Hourzad Salehi
Registered Psychotherapist, MA, RP, CCC
Verified Verified
"There are times in life when you feel overwhelmed, lost, anxious, depressed or need answers." "You don't need to go through it alone."
"There are times in life when you feel overwhelmed, lost, anxious, depressed or need answers." "You don't need to go through it alone."
(289) 796-0401 View (289) 796-0401
Photo of Elle Norine Bradley, Registered Psychotherapist in L4B, ON
Elle Norine Bradley
Registered Psychotherapist, RP
Verified Verified
Elle is committed to helping clients heal. She works from various modalities to help integrate various aspects of the personality to overcome a variety of issues such as addiction, anxiety, depression, personality issues, relationship issues and chronic pain. Elle's ultimate goal is to assist others to use their inner wisdom to make changes that promote lasting happiness and authentic power.
Elle is committed to helping clients heal. She works from various modalities to help integrate various aspects of the personality to overcome a variety of issues such as addiction, anxiety, depression, personality issues, relationship issues and chronic pain. Elle's ultimate goal is to assist others to use their inner wisdom to make changes that promote lasting happiness and authentic power.
(855) 981-6190 View (855) 981-6190

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What are the most common treatments for anxiety?

Talk therapy, particularly cognitive behavioural therapy, is the most common treatment for anxiety. Studies have shown it is equally effective as medication. Other forms of therapy are popular, depending on a patient’s experience. Exposure therapy, for instance, can be useful for people dealing with fears and phobias, or who have experienced traumatic events. Dialectical Behavioural Therapy may be useful for patients who need help with emotion regulation. Anxiolytic medications, like benzodiazepines, can also help with calming a person enough to focus on the skills they’ve learned, and physical exercise has been shown to help symptoms of anxiety across the board.

How long does therapy for anxiety take to work?

The amount of time needed to alleviate symptoms depends on the severity of a person’s condition. Some therapies may take 5-20 weekly sessions to show results. Anti-depressant medications typically take two to four weeks before a benefit is felt. Anti-anxiety medications are felt typically within 20-30 minutes. Medications are best used to offer a patient a better headspace in which to work on techniques learned in therapy. Exercise, improved sleep habits, and meditation are effective, but takes weeks or months to show results.

When should I seek treatment for anxiety?

Everyone feels anxious at times, but when anxiety causes disruption to your daily life, it may be time to seek help. Such disruption can be mental, physical, or both: having fear dominate your thoughts, avoiding situations or objects that bring on feelings of anxiety, or experiencing shortness of breath, sweating, dizziness, or panic attacks. When these symptoms are recurrent and distressing, it may be time to talk to someone.

How effective is treatment for anxiety?

Treatment for anxiety has been shown to be moderately to highly effective, according to a large body of psychology studies and analyses. For some people, treatment using CBT or exposure therapy alone is effective. Others respond best to a combination of medication and therapy.