Counselling in 3189

Photo of Stav Gerakaris, Social Worker, AASW
Stav Gerakaris
Social Worker, AASW
Moorabbin, VIC 3189
Accepting new Clients - Hello, I'm Stavroula, but you can call me 'Stav' to spare us both the tongue-twisting adventures! I'm an accredited social worker dedicated to helping individuals navigate life's challenges. With a compassionate and client-centered approach, I provide a safe space for you to explore and overcome your concerns.
Accepting new Clients - Hello, I'm Stavroula, but you can call me 'Stav' to spare us both the tongue-twisting adventures! I'm an accredited social worker dedicated to helping individuals navigate life's challenges. With a compassionate and client-centered approach, I provide a safe space for you to explore and overcome your concerns.
(03) 8771 4927 View (03) 8771 4927
Photo of Dajana Sprajcer-Simeunovic, Counsellor, ACA-L4
Dajana Sprajcer-Simeunovic
Counsellor, ACA-L4
Moorabbin, VIC 3189
I am a fully qualified and registered counsellor with over 15 years of experience in the field of trauma, crisis counselling and supporting victims of crime. I have worked with individuals and families impacted by family violence, childhood trauma, addiction, grief and loss and relationship difficulties. If you feel stressed, anxious, sad or experience difficulties in coping with life challenges, supportive psychotherapy can be helpful. It may assist in gaining better understanding of yourself and how past experiences may affect your current behaviour, emotions, physical and mental health, and relationships.
I am a fully qualified and registered counsellor with over 15 years of experience in the field of trauma, crisis counselling and supporting victims of crime. I have worked with individuals and families impacted by family violence, childhood trauma, addiction, grief and loss and relationship difficulties. If you feel stressed, anxious, sad or experience difficulties in coping with life challenges, supportive psychotherapy can be helpful. It may assist in gaining better understanding of yourself and how past experiences may affect your current behaviour, emotions, physical and mental health, and relationships.
(03) 7500 5862 View (03) 7500 5862
Photo of Dr Christopher John Trotter, Social Worker, PhD, AMHSW
Dr Christopher John Trotter
Social Worker, PhD, AMHSW
Moorabbin, VIC 3189
Dr Trotter (BA(Psych), MSW, PhD) is an Emeritus Professor at Monash University with degrees in psychology and social work. He is an accredited mental health social worker, with expertise in focused psychological strategies, dealing with trauma and individual and family counselling.
Dr Trotter (BA(Psych), MSW, PhD) is an Emeritus Professor at Monash University with degrees in psychology and social work. He is an accredited mental health social worker, with expertise in focused psychological strategies, dealing with trauma and individual and family counselling.
(03) 7500 5556 View (03) 7500 5556
Photo of Natalie Sarah Cohen, Counsellor, ACA-L2
Natalie Sarah Cohen
Counsellor, ACA-L2
1 Endorsed
Moorabbin, VIC 3189
As a seasoned counselor, I endeavor to bring a wealth of empathy and insight to guide individuals on their journey to self-discovery and healing. With a blend of modalities and evidence-based therapeutic techniques, I create a safe space for clients to explore their emotions and experiences. I am dedicated to fostering resilience and empowering others to overcome obstacles. Known for a compassionate approach and a commitment to continuous professional development, I offer support and connection, helping individuals navigate life
As a seasoned counselor, I endeavor to bring a wealth of empathy and insight to guide individuals on their journey to self-discovery and healing. With a blend of modalities and evidence-based therapeutic techniques, I create a safe space for clients to explore their emotions and experiences. I am dedicated to fostering resilience and empowering others to overcome obstacles. Known for a compassionate approach and a commitment to continuous professional development, I offer support and connection, helping individuals navigate life
(03) 7500 5004 View (03) 7500 5004
Photo of Despina Tseros, Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA - Health Psych.
Despina Tseros
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA - Health Psych.
Moorabbin, VIC 3189
I am an experienced psychologist with a strong interest in the mind-body connection. I particularly enjoy working with individuals who actively seek to improve their overall mental health and psychological well-being. By applying practical techniques therapy focuses on exploring and dealing with mental health and psychological concerns comprehensively. Therapy is individually tailored and opens the door to a new paradigm - a way of thinking and living a rich and meaningful life.
I am an experienced psychologist with a strong interest in the mind-body connection. I particularly enjoy working with individuals who actively seek to improve their overall mental health and psychological well-being. By applying practical techniques therapy focuses on exploring and dealing with mental health and psychological concerns comprehensively. Therapy is individually tailored and opens the door to a new paradigm - a way of thinking and living a rich and meaningful life.
(03) 7500 5746 View (03) 7500 5746
Photo of Penelope Lovegrove, Psychologist, MA, PsyBA General
Penelope Lovegrove
Psychologist, MA, PsyBA General
Moorabbin, VIC 3189
Currently accepting new clients. I pride myself on developing a supportive, collaborative and compassionate relationship with my clients, focusing on delivering psychological treatments based on current evidence. I work with individuals aged 17 and above across a range of issues. I am particularly interested in anxiety and related disorders in men and the intersection of mental health and menopause in women. I also provide psychotherapy and coaching for the management of ADHD in adults.
Currently accepting new clients. I pride myself on developing a supportive, collaborative and compassionate relationship with my clients, focusing on delivering psychological treatments based on current evidence. I work with individuals aged 17 and above across a range of issues. I am particularly interested in anxiety and related disorders in men and the intersection of mental health and menopause in women. I also provide psychotherapy and coaching for the management of ADHD in adults.
(03) 7500 5592 View (03) 7500 5592
Photo of Philip Walker, Psychologist, MPsych, MAPS
Philip Walker
Psychologist, MPsych, MAPS
2 Endorsed
Moorabbin, VIC 3189
I am a Clinical and Counselling psychologist experienced in working with a wide variety of clients from various backgrounds, ages and walks of life. I assist clients to identify sources of distress and then work collaboratively with the client to develop tools and strategies that are tailored to the individual or the couple and that facilitate growth and wellbeing.
I am a Clinical and Counselling psychologist experienced in working with a wide variety of clients from various backgrounds, ages and walks of life. I assist clients to identify sources of distress and then work collaboratively with the client to develop tools and strategies that are tailored to the individual or the couple and that facilitate growth and wellbeing.
(03) 7500 5794 View (03) 7500 5794
Photo of Melissa Thompson, Psychotherapist, MC, PACFA
Melissa Thompson
Psychotherapist, MC, PACFA
Moorabbin, VIC 3189
Trying to find a therapist through an online site is a daunting task, but the fact that you're looking means that you're that much closer to feeling better. We all feel overwhelmed at times during our lives. There's no reason to feel alone. I'm here to sit beside you as we uncover and explore your inner resources together.
Trying to find a therapist through an online site is a daunting task, but the fact that you're looking means that you're that much closer to feeling better. We all feel overwhelmed at times during our lives. There's no reason to feel alone. I'm here to sit beside you as we uncover and explore your inner resources together.
(03) 7500 5860 View (03) 7500 5860
Photo of Shraevani Giri - Accolade Psychotherapy Services, Social Worker, AMHSW
Accolade Psychotherapy Services
Social Worker, AMHSW
Moorabbin, VIC 3189
Shraevani has over 25 years’ experience in clinical mental health as a clinician and as a leader. She has worked in public health and as a private practitioner. She has a practical and compassionate approach to therapy. Shraevani is trained in a number of evidence based therapeutic modalities including, but not limited to, CBT – cognitive behaviour therapy, EMDR – eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing therapy, MBCT – Mindfulness Based Cognitive Therapy, SFT – Solution Focused Therapy, Brief Therapy, EFT and Systems. She provides therapy for relationship problems/difficulties, anxiety, depression and other life stresses.
Shraevani has over 25 years’ experience in clinical mental health as a clinician and as a leader. She has worked in public health and as a private practitioner. She has a practical and compassionate approach to therapy. Shraevani is trained in a number of evidence based therapeutic modalities including, but not limited to, CBT – cognitive behaviour therapy, EMDR – eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing therapy, MBCT – Mindfulness Based Cognitive Therapy, SFT – Solution Focused Therapy, Brief Therapy, EFT and Systems. She provides therapy for relationship problems/difficulties, anxiety, depression and other life stresses.
(03) 7020 2725 View (03) 7020 2725
Photo of Kate Barber, Counsellor, ACA-L1
Kate Barber
Counsellor, ACA-L1
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
Hi, I'm Kate and I am the founder of Bloom Counselling. I specialise in providing support around anxiety, loss, grief and bereavement. I have a special interest in providing support for anyone affected by cancer or a life limiting illness (such as,MND). With my experience as a Counsellor ,and 20 plus years of being a nurse, I bring experience, empathy and understanding to help you manage this very uncertain time. From the shock of a diagnosis, managing treatment, being a carer, survivorship, end of life care, decision making and everything in between, I have an understanding of what you may be going through and can support you.
Hi, I'm Kate and I am the founder of Bloom Counselling. I specialise in providing support around anxiety, loss, grief and bereavement. I have a special interest in providing support for anyone affected by cancer or a life limiting illness (such as,MND). With my experience as a Counsellor ,and 20 plus years of being a nurse, I bring experience, empathy and understanding to help you manage this very uncertain time. From the shock of a diagnosis, managing treatment, being a carer, survivorship, end of life care, decision making and everything in between, I have an understanding of what you may be going through and can support you.
(03) 7003 2540 View (03) 7003 2540
Photo of Deborah Newburn - Person Centred Psychology, Psychologist, MPsych, MAPS
Person Centred Psychology
Psychologist, MPsych, MAPS
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
Deborah is a Clinical Psychologist with a particular interest in Eating Disorders, Depression, Anxiety, Attachment Difficulties and Grief. She works with a diverse population, seeing adult women and men. Deborah provides a compassionate and evidence informed treatment. In addition to her therapeutic work, she is a board approved supervisor and provides supervision to psychologists including clinical registrars. Deborah has a passion eating disorder prevention and is invigorated by supporting her clients to discover an empowered identity away from their suffering.
Deborah is a Clinical Psychologist with a particular interest in Eating Disorders, Depression, Anxiety, Attachment Difficulties and Grief. She works with a diverse population, seeing adult women and men. Deborah provides a compassionate and evidence informed treatment. In addition to her therapeutic work, she is a board approved supervisor and provides supervision to psychologists including clinical registrars. Deborah has a passion eating disorder prevention and is invigorated by supporting her clients to discover an empowered identity away from their suffering.
(03) 9069 8752 View (03) 9069 8752
Photo of Alina Rozenstein, Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
Alina Rozenstein
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
Serves Area
I am a psychologist dedicated to supporting psychological wellbeing across individual, workplace, and community settings. I work with adolescence and adults focusing on promoting mental health, resilience, and personal growth through evidence-based and compassionate care. I have experience working with a wide range of presentations, including anxiety, OCD, panic, depression, stress, interpersonal and self-esteem difficulties, adjustment issues, trauma, and life transitions.
I am a psychologist dedicated to supporting psychological wellbeing across individual, workplace, and community settings. I work with adolescence and adults focusing on promoting mental health, resilience, and personal growth through evidence-based and compassionate care. I have experience working with a wide range of presentations, including anxiety, OCD, panic, depression, stress, interpersonal and self-esteem difficulties, adjustment issues, trauma, and life transitions.
(03) 8771 5710 View (03) 8771 5710
Photo of Catherine Knott, Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
Catherine Knott
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
Serves Area
I work with adults and older adolescents who may be feeling anxious, overwhelmed, emotionally stuck, or navigating life transitions, relationship difficulties, trauma, ADHD-related concerns, or workplace stress. Many clients seek therapy when patterns that once helped them cope are no longer serving them well. I provide a warm, thoughtful space to understand what is happening, clarify goals, and develop practical strategies using evidence-based approaches tailored to individual needs.
I work with adults and older adolescents who may be feeling anxious, overwhelmed, emotionally stuck, or navigating life transitions, relationship difficulties, trauma, ADHD-related concerns, or workplace stress. Many clients seek therapy when patterns that once helped them cope are no longer serving them well. I provide a warm, thoughtful space to understand what is happening, clarify goals, and develop practical strategies using evidence-based approaches tailored to individual needs.
(03) 8771 4721 View (03) 8771 4721
Photo of Maria Dhroso, Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA - Ed. Psych.
Maria Dhroso
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA - Ed. Psych.
Serves Area
Maria provides counselling and intervention for neurodivergent and neurotypical children, young people and families (4 years+). Maria uses skills-based and cognitive-based approaches, as well as relational approaches, using Child Centre Play Therapy. Archie, a lovely Accredited Therapy dog can also be included in sessions. Support is provided for a wide range of common child and adolescent issues, including anxiety, depression, perfectionism, anger and others. Maria loves to work with neurodivergent young people in neuroaffirming ways to explore their identity. Maria also works with parents to help support them with parenting.
Maria provides counselling and intervention for neurodivergent and neurotypical children, young people and families (4 years+). Maria uses skills-based and cognitive-based approaches, as well as relational approaches, using Child Centre Play Therapy. Archie, a lovely Accredited Therapy dog can also be included in sessions. Support is provided for a wide range of common child and adolescent issues, including anxiety, depression, perfectionism, anger and others. Maria loves to work with neurodivergent young people in neuroaffirming ways to explore their identity. Maria also works with parents to help support them with parenting.
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Photo of Natalie Anker Cohen, Psychologist, MA, PsyBA General
Natalie Anker Cohen
Psychologist, MA, PsyBA General
Serves Area
Are you feeling stuck, overwhelmed, or uncertain about your next steps? Do you find yourself reacting in ways that don't align with who you want to be? You're not alone, and there's nothing wrong with you. As a Registered Psychologist, I believe lasting change comes from understanding yourself more deeply and developing practical skills for your real life. My practice honours who you are in your full complexity. You bring unique strengths, experiences, and goals to our work. My approach recognises that meaningful change happens collaboratively, building on your existing capabilities while developing new tools and perspectives.
Are you feeling stuck, overwhelmed, or uncertain about your next steps? Do you find yourself reacting in ways that don't align with who you want to be? You're not alone, and there's nothing wrong with you. As a Registered Psychologist, I believe lasting change comes from understanding yourself more deeply and developing practical skills for your real life. My practice honours who you are in your full complexity. You bring unique strengths, experiences, and goals to our work. My approach recognises that meaningful change happens collaboratively, building on your existing capabilities while developing new tools and perspectives.
(03) 7003 2764 View (03) 7003 2764
Photo of Vivienne Interrigi, Counsellor, MA, ACA-L4
Vivienne Interrigi
Counsellor, MA, ACA-L4
2 Endorsed
Serves Area
I am passionate about working with clients who are wanting to find that different path in life. As a family therapist, I have worked with families to focus on parenting, family dynamics, finding different ways or building relationships with each other. I enjoy working with couples who are wanting to explore the potentials of their relationship and to work out where their next steps are. As an ACA Clinical Supervisor, I run individual and group supervision for counsellors - to find a safe space to have a growth mindset to continually learn how to build up their therapeutic skills.
I am passionate about working with clients who are wanting to find that different path in life. As a family therapist, I have worked with families to focus on parenting, family dynamics, finding different ways or building relationships with each other. I enjoy working with couples who are wanting to explore the potentials of their relationship and to work out where their next steps are. As an ACA Clinical Supervisor, I run individual and group supervision for counsellors - to find a safe space to have a growth mindset to continually learn how to build up their therapeutic skills.
(03) 7500 5338 View (03) 7500 5338
Photo of Belinda Maher - The Neuroaffirmation Station (Belinda Maher), Social Worker, AASW
The Neuroaffirmation Station (Belinda Maher)
Social Worker, AASW
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
Belinda is a child & adolescent mental health social worker with significant expertise in mental health and trauma therapy. She specialises in supporting young people & their families/carers through a compassionate, evidence-informed approach. Passionate about working from a trauma-informed and neuroaffirming lens, Bel draws on her extensive clinical background, which includes roles as a teacher, a dedicated trauma therapist, and a senior clinician in a neuropsychiatry unit at a leading children’s hospital. Her work is grounded in a nuanced understanding of developmental trauma and mental health challenges.
Belinda is a child & adolescent mental health social worker with significant expertise in mental health and trauma therapy. She specialises in supporting young people & their families/carers through a compassionate, evidence-informed approach. Passionate about working from a trauma-informed and neuroaffirming lens, Bel draws on her extensive clinical background, which includes roles as a teacher, a dedicated trauma therapist, and a senior clinician in a neuropsychiatry unit at a leading children’s hospital. Her work is grounded in a nuanced understanding of developmental trauma and mental health challenges.
(03) 8771 4745 View (03) 8771 4745
Photo of Derek Goodlake, Counsellor, MA, ACA-L4
Derek Goodlake
Counsellor, MA, ACA-L4
Serves Area
We may feel overwhelmed with negative thoughts and memories from our past and fears about the future. Often no amount of arguing with ourselves seems to help. Maybe you've tried therapy before but the underlying issues are still there. With the right therapies, we can be free from the past's hold on our future. Everyone is different. Our past experiences, personalities, and situations are different. There isn't one therapy that will meet everyone's need. As an experienced Counsellor, EMDR Practitioner and a Clinical Hypnotherapist, I can work with you to resolve your issues. and get your life back on track.
We may feel overwhelmed with negative thoughts and memories from our past and fears about the future. Often no amount of arguing with ourselves seems to help. Maybe you've tried therapy before but the underlying issues are still there. With the right therapies, we can be free from the past's hold on our future. Everyone is different. Our past experiences, personalities, and situations are different. There isn't one therapy that will meet everyone's need. As an experienced Counsellor, EMDR Practitioner and a Clinical Hypnotherapist, I can work with you to resolve your issues. and get your life back on track.
(03) 7500 5043 View (03) 7500 5043
Photo of Kim Storey, Counsellor, MA, PACFA
Kim Storey
Counsellor, MA, PACFA
Serves Area
A professional clinical counsellor/psychotherapist with 15 years experience who will provide you with a caring and safe space to talk about what is troubling you. Counselling can help you to navigate through current or past issues; it may be a journey you need to take by yourself, or with your partner or family. Whatever stage you're at and whoever you're with, coming to counselling can be an experience of learning and discovery that will ultimately enrichen your relationships and the way you live your life.
A professional clinical counsellor/psychotherapist with 15 years experience who will provide you with a caring and safe space to talk about what is troubling you. Counselling can help you to navigate through current or past issues; it may be a journey you need to take by yourself, or with your partner or family. Whatever stage you're at and whoever you're with, coming to counselling can be an experience of learning and discovery that will ultimately enrichen your relationships and the way you live your life.
(03) 6146 3219 View (03) 6146 3219
Photo of Nicola Collins - Kids At Max - Psych, Speech & OT, Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA Endorsed
Kids At Max - Psych, Speech & OT
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA Endorsed
Serves Area
Kids At Max provides counselling and psychological assessments for children and adolescents. We support a wide range of emotional, behavioural and developmental needs through personalised, family-centred care. Appointments are available in clinic, at home, at school and via telehealth, with funding options including NDIS, Medicare, Private Health Insurance and TAC. After an initial assessment, we work with families to create a tailored therapy plan with practical strategies and engaging sessions that support each child’s goals.
Kids At Max provides counselling and psychological assessments for children and adolescents. We support a wide range of emotional, behavioural and developmental needs through personalised, family-centred care. Appointments are available in clinic, at home, at school and via telehealth, with funding options including NDIS, Medicare, Private Health Insurance and TAC. After an initial assessment, we work with families to create a tailored therapy plan with practical strategies and engaging sessions that support each child’s goals.
(03) 8771 4119 View (03) 8771 4119

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in 3189

30+

Average cost per session

$213

Therapists in 3189 who prioritize treating:

95% Anxiety
87% Depression
82% Self Esteem
77% Stress
64% Relationship Issues
62% Trauma and PTSD
54% Parenting

Average years in practice

14 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

65% NDIS
60% Medicare Rebates
55% Bupa

How Therapists in 3189 see their clients

95% In Person and Online
5% Online Only

Gender breakdown

86% Female
14% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in 3189?

Search for nearby psychologists or counsellors by inputting your city, suburb, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the Australian Counselling Association and the Psychotherapy and Counselling Federation of Australia. Psychologists must be registered in the Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency (AHPRA). Most Social Workers listed in the directory are members of the Australian Association of Social Workers (AASW).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for social workers, psychotherapists and counsellors in Australia, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in Australia.

Psychologists have earned a 4 year undergraduate degree in psychology and have completed a postgraduate internship or postgraduate degree. Psychotherapists generally have an undergraduate degree in a health related field in addition to 3-4 years of specialist training in psychotherapy and a period of personal psychotherapy. In order to belong to a professional organisation such as the ACA or PACFA, counsellors and psychotherapists are required to have completed a certain level of AQF qualifications and/ or an approved training course as well as clinical and supervision hours. Social Workers registered with the AASW are required to have a Bachelor’s or Master’s degree in Social Work from an accredited institution.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, the cost of a therapy session in Australia could be between $100 and $250. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The Better Access Scheme is a government program offering Medicare rebates for mental health care. To access the program you will need to be assessed and diagnosed by your GP and get a Mental Health Plan. This will allow you to receive up to 10 individual sessions and 10 group sessions a year with practitioners who accept bulk billing, with no out of pocket costs for you.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the ACA, PACFA, or the APS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there is the potential or known harm to the client or others or when a minor is in danger, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.