Therapists in Lubbock, TX

Photo of Nicole Black - Phoenix Arise, Licensed Professional Counselor
Phoenix Arise
Licensed Professional Counselor
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Lubbock, TX 79414
Current daytime and evening availability! Phoenix Arise is a group counseling office owned by Dr. Nicole Black, PhD, LPC-S, LCDC, RPT in Lubbock, TX. When creating Phoenix Arise, she envisioned a counseling office that would be focused on treating clients through a trauma informed lens. Phoenix Arise has 13 therapists who offer counseling to a wide range of populations with various modalities such as EMDR, DBT, solution focused therapy, talk therapy, and more. What makes our counselors unique is the underlying focus and emphasis on trauma recovery.
Current daytime and evening availability! Phoenix Arise is a group counseling office owned by Dr. Nicole Black, PhD, LPC-S, LCDC, RPT in Lubbock, TX. When creating Phoenix Arise, she envisioned a counseling office that would be focused on treating clients through a trauma informed lens. Phoenix Arise has 13 therapists who offer counseling to a wide range of populations with various modalities such as EMDR, DBT, solution focused therapy, talk therapy, and more. What makes our counselors unique is the underlying focus and emphasis on trauma recovery.
(806) 203-6023 View (806) 203-6023
Photo of Stefani Sheen, LPC-A
Stefani Sheen
Licensed Professional Counselor Associate, LPC-A
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Lubbock, TX 79423
Do you want to start prioritizing your well-being? Do you feel the debilitating stigma of addiction in your family? Understanding patterns of thinking, feeling and behaving allows us to make intentional changes. Therapy can give you the tools to modify unhelpful thoughts and behaviors and guide you to resilience. I am also passionate about working with family members who feel powerless, and heartbroken while their loved one battles addiction. The effects on the family are profound. I provide a non-judgmental place to process those feelings.
Do you want to start prioritizing your well-being? Do you feel the debilitating stigma of addiction in your family? Understanding patterns of thinking, feeling and behaving allows us to make intentional changes. Therapy can give you the tools to modify unhelpful thoughts and behaviors and guide you to resilience. I am also passionate about working with family members who feel powerless, and heartbroken while their loved one battles addiction. The effects on the family are profound. I provide a non-judgmental place to process those feelings.
(806) 304-0719 View (806) 304-0719
Photo of Valerie Gillen, M Ed, Licensed Professional Counselor
Valerie Gillen
Licensed Professional Counselor, M Ed
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Lubbock, TX 79407
Waitlist for new clients
Now accepting Aetna, Cigna, and United Healthcare. Come relax with my dog, Rocco. We work with adults and adolescents. My clients come from all walks of life and find themselves in a season where they need individualized therapy to address the pain they are experiencing.
Now accepting Aetna, Cigna, and United Healthcare. Come relax with my dog, Rocco. We work with adults and adolescents. My clients come from all walks of life and find themselves in a season where they need individualized therapy to address the pain they are experiencing.
(806) 203-6361 View (806) 203-6361
Photo of Beverly S Pair, PhD, Psychologist
Beverly S Pair
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Lubbock, TX 79424  (Online Only)
My practice as a licensed clinical psychologist involves treating clients with multitudes of mental health concerns or just stressors of life. My goal is to be a collaborator rather than an expert in facilitating exploration, reflection, and consideration of alternative problem formulations and interventions. I empower clients by providing a safe, cooperative, nonjudgmental, & confidential environment so that folks may gain flexibility in their thinking and behavior. Through supportive therapy, I will assist clients in understanding how their perceptions, thoughts, and beliefs affect their behavior, mood, and self-esteem.
My practice as a licensed clinical psychologist involves treating clients with multitudes of mental health concerns or just stressors of life. My goal is to be a collaborator rather than an expert in facilitating exploration, reflection, and consideration of alternative problem formulations and interventions. I empower clients by providing a safe, cooperative, nonjudgmental, & confidential environment so that folks may gain flexibility in their thinking and behavior. Through supportive therapy, I will assist clients in understanding how their perceptions, thoughts, and beliefs affect their behavior, mood, and self-esteem.
(806) 884-4720 View (806) 884-4720
Photo of Rachel Gardner, LMSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Rachel Gardner
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
Lubbock, TX 79423
Self-love and compassion are foundational to our well-being and you are as deserving of love and kindness as anyone else. As a therapist, I help clients to navigate through places in their lives where they encounter challenges or feel overwhelmed. Using empathy and maintaining a non-judgmental stance, I create a safe-haven where clients can discover their own resilience, enabling them to address and overcome obstacles that block them from a vibrant and fulfilling life. My perspective on therapy is this: Healing is not forgetting or ignoring past pain, but from gaining insight from it.
Self-love and compassion are foundational to our well-being and you are as deserving of love and kindness as anyone else. As a therapist, I help clients to navigate through places in their lives where they encounter challenges or feel overwhelmed. Using empathy and maintaining a non-judgmental stance, I create a safe-haven where clients can discover their own resilience, enabling them to address and overcome obstacles that block them from a vibrant and fulfilling life. My perspective on therapy is this: Healing is not forgetting or ignoring past pain, but from gaining insight from it.
(806) 835-6182 View (806) 835-6182
Photo of Danica Carranza - Thriveworks Counseling & Psychiatry Lubbock, Counselor
Thriveworks Counseling & Psychiatry Lubbock
Counselor
Verified Verified
Lubbock, TX 79424
At Thriveworks, we're dedicated to providing top-tier mental health services that are easily accessible to everyone. With over 340 locations nationwide and flexible online therapy options, our professional therapists are equipped to assist you through any stress, life transitions, or ongoing mental health concerns. We prioritize your convenience and needs by offering flexible scheduling, including evening and weekend appointments, ensuring that you can start your therapy journey as early as this week. Plus, we accept most major insurance plans, making your path to mental health support smoother and more affordable.
At Thriveworks, we're dedicated to providing top-tier mental health services that are easily accessible to everyone. With over 340 locations nationwide and flexible online therapy options, our professional therapists are equipped to assist you through any stress, life transitions, or ongoing mental health concerns. We prioritize your convenience and needs by offering flexible scheduling, including evening and weekend appointments, ensuring that you can start your therapy journey as early as this week. Plus, we accept most major insurance plans, making your path to mental health support smoother and more affordable.
(855) 524-5193 View (855) 524-5193
Photo of Shirmar Jennings, MA, LPC-A
Shirmar Jennings
Licensed Professional Counselor Associate, MA, LPC-A
Verified Verified
Lubbock, TX 79423
I'm an LPC-Associate offering my services to assist those looking to make sense of the world and their experiences. I use an eclectic approach to therapy in order to better assist those who want help. I'm dedicated to helping individuals achieve mental wellness and personal growth. With a compassionate and evidence-based approach to therapy, I offer therapy services tailored to meet the unique needs of each client. In addition to my clinical work, I'm an advocate for multiculturalism, fitness, animals, teaching and the LGBTQIA community. Supervised by Bryan Moffitt, JD, MBA, MEd, LPC-S
I'm an LPC-Associate offering my services to assist those looking to make sense of the world and their experiences. I use an eclectic approach to therapy in order to better assist those who want help. I'm dedicated to helping individuals achieve mental wellness and personal growth. With a compassionate and evidence-based approach to therapy, I offer therapy services tailored to meet the unique needs of each client. In addition to my clinical work, I'm an advocate for multiculturalism, fitness, animals, teaching and the LGBTQIA community. Supervised by Bryan Moffitt, JD, MBA, MEd, LPC-S
(806) 405-8025 View (806) 405-8025
Photo of Christy Wilmeth, LPC, Counselor
Christy Wilmeth
Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Lubbock, TX 79424
We want you to feel confident that by contacting Journeys, you are taking a courageous first step toward a healthier version of yourself. Our therapists have different specialties, and it is important to find a therapist who has experience in the area you are seeking treatment for. Our counselors are the best counselors in Lubbock, and we take pride in offering a welcoming, supportive office for all ages.We offer counseling services for individuals, couples, and families. We are Lubbock’s only multi-disciplinary group practice which means we have a diverse group of counselors with various specialties.
We want you to feel confident that by contacting Journeys, you are taking a courageous first step toward a healthier version of yourself. Our therapists have different specialties, and it is important to find a therapist who has experience in the area you are seeking treatment for. Our counselors are the best counselors in Lubbock, and we take pride in offering a welcoming, supportive office for all ages.We offer counseling services for individuals, couples, and families. We are Lubbock’s only multi-disciplinary group practice which means we have a diverse group of counselors with various specialties.
(806) 405-8817 View (806) 405-8817
Photo of Aundra Lavon Conyer, MS , LMFT, LCDC, Marriage & Family Therapist
Aundra Lavon Conyer
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS , LMFT, LCDC
Verified Verified
Lubbock, TX 79423
Life is ever-changing. We all experience difficult seasons, from time to time. As the years pass, we value the importance of good human relationships. We seek ways to support old associations and grow new ones. We seek a "better self" and a "better us" toward a future that has meaning, satisfaction, and peace. A trained ear awaits to assist and propel you to the life and the opportunities that you desire most of all. I would like to embark with you on that journey.
Life is ever-changing. We all experience difficult seasons, from time to time. As the years pass, we value the importance of good human relationships. We seek ways to support old associations and grow new ones. We seek a "better self" and a "better us" toward a future that has meaning, satisfaction, and peace. A trained ear awaits to assist and propel you to the life and the opportunities that you desire most of all. I would like to embark with you on that journey.
(210) 791-7841 View (210) 791-7841
Photo of Victoria Stephenson, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Victoria Stephenson
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Lubbock, TX 79424
Do you struggle with anxiety, trauma/PTSD symptoms, or relationship issues that keep you from enjoying life? Do you feel hopeless, exhausted, overwhelmed or disconnected by just going through the motions every day? Now more than ever people are struggling to overcome trauma. This is affecting their happiness, family, and friends. Not addressing these difficulties can lead to missing out on the joy that life has to offer.
Do you struggle with anxiety, trauma/PTSD symptoms, or relationship issues that keep you from enjoying life? Do you feel hopeless, exhausted, overwhelmed or disconnected by just going through the motions every day? Now more than ever people are struggling to overcome trauma. This is affecting their happiness, family, and friends. Not addressing these difficulties can lead to missing out on the joy that life has to offer.
(806) 605-2053 View (806) 605-2053
Photo of Stephanie Valverde, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Stephanie Valverde
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Lubbock, TX 79414
I believe that one of the bravest things a person can do is reach out for help when they need it. And that is where I come in. Life is nothing but unpredictable, full of peaks and valleys and all the in-betweens. Finding the right person to talk to can be challenging, and I strive to make therapy fulfilling and judgment-free. Whether you are struggling with trauma, anxiety, depression, cultural trauma, or burnout, I am here to walk alongside you to encourage and overcome.
I believe that one of the bravest things a person can do is reach out for help when they need it. And that is where I come in. Life is nothing but unpredictable, full of peaks and valleys and all the in-betweens. Finding the right person to talk to can be challenging, and I strive to make therapy fulfilling and judgment-free. Whether you are struggling with trauma, anxiety, depression, cultural trauma, or burnout, I am here to walk alongside you to encourage and overcome.
(806) 547-3506 View (806) 547-3506
Photo of Cody Heath, PhD, LMFT-S, Marriage & Family Therapist
Cody Heath
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, LMFT-S
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Lubbock, TX 79414
I see couples, individuals, and families and specialize in couple's communication, conflict, and families living with addiction/codependency. Additionally, I work with those living with symptoms of unhappiness, worry, and grief. In therapy, I help my clients identify underlying patterns that cause distress and then use their strengths to create new experiences that facilitate growth, understanding, and fulfillment.
I see couples, individuals, and families and specialize in couple's communication, conflict, and families living with addiction/codependency. Additionally, I work with those living with symptoms of unhappiness, worry, and grief. In therapy, I help my clients identify underlying patterns that cause distress and then use their strengths to create new experiences that facilitate growth, understanding, and fulfillment.
(806) 603-3306 View (806) 603-3306
Photo of Emma Brockhouse(Supervised By Kristie Collins Lpc-S), MEd, LPC-A, LCDC-I
Emma Brockhouse(Supervised By Kristie Collins Lpc-S)
Licensed Professional Counselor Associate, MEd, LPC-A, LCDC-I
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Lubbock, TX 79423
Hello! I'm Emma! I specialize in addiction and recovery, anxiety, depression, self-acceptance, trauma, and emotional regulation. I offer Brainspotting Treatment! With a background working in drug and alcohol treatment centers across West and Central Texas, I've had the privilege of assisting many individuals on their journey towards mental and emotional well-being.
Hello! I'm Emma! I specialize in addiction and recovery, anxiety, depression, self-acceptance, trauma, and emotional regulation. I offer Brainspotting Treatment! With a background working in drug and alcohol treatment centers across West and Central Texas, I've had the privilege of assisting many individuals on their journey towards mental and emotional well-being.
(806) 878-9313 View (806) 878-9313
Photo of Bill Duffy, MEd, LPC, NCC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Bill Duffy
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
Lubbock, TX 79424
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor- Supervisor with 30 years of experience in the counseling field. I received my bachelor's and master's degrees from Texas Tech University, and I have worked in treatment centers for addiction and sober living settings. I have worked with people with several co-occurring disorders such as Anxiety Disorder, Bipolar Disorder, Borderline Personality Disorder, and Depressive Disorder- not to mention Grief issues and Trauma issues. So, I feel confident in helping people of all ages and from all walks of life treat their mental health disorders.
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor- Supervisor with 30 years of experience in the counseling field. I received my bachelor's and master's degrees from Texas Tech University, and I have worked in treatment centers for addiction and sober living settings. I have worked with people with several co-occurring disorders such as Anxiety Disorder, Bipolar Disorder, Borderline Personality Disorder, and Depressive Disorder- not to mention Grief issues and Trauma issues. So, I feel confident in helping people of all ages and from all walks of life treat their mental health disorders.
(806) 605-5301 View (806) 605-5301
Photo of Crystal Gilster, MS, LPC-S, Licensed Professional Counselor
Crystal Gilster
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC-S
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Lubbock, TX 79424
I am currently taking new clients for appointments. My clients say they can tell I genuinely care. My authentic, non-judgemental, easy-going personality allows for comfortable conversation. My life experience (married 25+ yrs. w/ 5 children) helps me relate to the everyday struggles of life. Unfortunately, there are seasons of life which are extremely difficult. During those challenging times talking to a professional counselor can make a world of difference. Call or email to book an appointment.
I am currently taking new clients for appointments. My clients say they can tell I genuinely care. My authentic, non-judgemental, easy-going personality allows for comfortable conversation. My life experience (married 25+ yrs. w/ 5 children) helps me relate to the everyday struggles of life. Unfortunately, there are seasons of life which are extremely difficult. During those challenging times talking to a professional counselor can make a world of difference. Call or email to book an appointment.
(806) 419-4138 View (806) 419-4138
Photo of Sarah Dunn, LPC, PMH-C, Licensed Professional Counselor
Sarah Dunn
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, PMH-C
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Lubbock, TX 79413
As a trauma therapist, I specialize in supporting young mothers, college-age women, and individuals navigating trauma. I strive to create a therapeutic space crafted to support individuals navigating the delicate perinatal period and college-age women who are seeking to understand themselves as they move into adulthood. As a seasoned therapist, my passion lies in providing a safe haven for those seeking guidance during life's transformative stages. My ideal client is a perceptive individual embracing the journey of motherhood or a college-age woman navigating the complexities of identity, relationships, and self-discovery.
As a trauma therapist, I specialize in supporting young mothers, college-age women, and individuals navigating trauma. I strive to create a therapeutic space crafted to support individuals navigating the delicate perinatal period and college-age women who are seeking to understand themselves as they move into adulthood. As a seasoned therapist, my passion lies in providing a safe haven for those seeking guidance during life's transformative stages. My ideal client is a perceptive individual embracing the journey of motherhood or a college-age woman navigating the complexities of identity, relationships, and self-discovery.
(806) 515-4080 View (806) 515-4080
Photo of Melinda Kerr, MEd, LPC, NCC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Melinda Kerr
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Lubbock, TX 79424
I have a passion for helping people navigate through life's hardships. Everyone struggles in one way or another. Grief, loss, anxiety, conflict, depression and life transitions are all a part of life. Guiding people through conflicts and working with relationships is one of my strengths. I have a special interest in helping college students who are trying to figure out their lives apart from their families and adults who are moving into the next phase of life and dealing with changing relationships. I find it fulfilling to support and help clients through difficult situations that lead them to a more positive and peaceful life.
I have a passion for helping people navigate through life's hardships. Everyone struggles in one way or another. Grief, loss, anxiety, conflict, depression and life transitions are all a part of life. Guiding people through conflicts and working with relationships is one of my strengths. I have a special interest in helping college students who are trying to figure out their lives apart from their families and adults who are moving into the next phase of life and dealing with changing relationships. I find it fulfilling to support and help clients through difficult situations that lead them to a more positive and peaceful life.
(806) 452-2635 View (806) 452-2635
Photo of Michelle L Vermilye, LMSW, LCDC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Michelle L Vermilye
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW, LCDC
Verified Verified
Lubbock, TX 79424
Do you find it difficult to focus especially when you're feeling stressed? Can regular, everyday activities seem like more than you can handle at times? I’m glad than you’ve taken this first step to seek support. I’m here to provide support and guidance as you take steps toward reaching those goals that seemed impossible at one point in your life.
Do you find it difficult to focus especially when you're feeling stressed? Can regular, everyday activities seem like more than you can handle at times? I’m glad than you’ve taken this first step to seek support. I’m here to provide support and guidance as you take steps toward reaching those goals that seemed impossible at one point in your life.
(806) 203-4212 View (806) 203-4212
Photo of Heather Nicole Barden, MEd, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Heather Nicole Barden
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Lubbock, TX 79424
I believe that clients have the ability to recognize dysfunctional patterns in their lives and, with a little help from the counselor, are able to set attainable goals to change those patterns into something more functional for their lives. I believe that motivation to change is a key component in what makes counseling successful for most people.
I believe that clients have the ability to recognize dysfunctional patterns in their lives and, with a little help from the counselor, are able to set attainable goals to change those patterns into something more functional for their lives. I believe that motivation to change is a key component in what makes counseling successful for most people.
(806) 884-4636 View (806) 884-4636
Photo of Cristy Martinez, MA, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Cristy Martinez
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Lubbock, TX 79414
Relationships affect every aspect of our lives whether it be marital or partner-related, interpersonal, familial, or parental. When we have conflict with those that we care about it can bring about a feeling of helplessness or frustration, it becomes tiring on the soul. If the goal of the individual is to improve their interactions with the people they love, it is important that they first understand their relationship with themselves. Therapy is an incredible tool for self-discovery and improvement.
Relationships affect every aspect of our lives whether it be marital or partner-related, interpersonal, familial, or parental. When we have conflict with those that we care about it can bring about a feeling of helplessness or frustration, it becomes tiring on the soul. If the goal of the individual is to improve their interactions with the people they love, it is important that they first understand their relationship with themselves. Therapy is an incredible tool for self-discovery and improvement.
(806) 203-6091 x702 View (806) 203-6091 x702
1
...

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Lubbock, TX

400+

Average cost per session

$120

Therapists in Lubbock, TX who prioritize treating:

91% Anxiety
88% Depression
75% Self Esteem
72% Coping Skills
71% Relationship Issues
70% Trauma and PTSD
68% Stress

Average years in practice

9 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

83% Aetna
82% BlueCross and BlueShield
80% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Lubbock, TX see their clients

75% In Person and Online
25% Online Only

Gender breakdown

78% Female
22% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Lubbock?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.