Photo of Kini Bryant, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chester Springs, PA
Kini Bryant
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, RSP
Verified Verified
Chester Springs, PA 19425
Sandplay Therapy is an effective modality to for children, adolescents and adults. Often, finding the words to express ones' feelings is a challenge. Together the client and the therapist review the creative process to help understand the feelings and experience. The picture created in the sand tray is a way for expressing ones’ internal feelings. Trauma whether it happens to a child, adolescent or an adult can contribute to feeling disorganized and insecure. For a child, adolescent or an adult feeling disorganized is scary. Sandplay Therapy will enhance self- regulation evident in one' behavior.
Sandplay Therapy is an effective modality to for children, adolescents and adults. Often, finding the words to express ones' feelings is a challenge. Together the client and the therapist review the creative process to help understand the feelings and experience. The picture created in the sand tray is a way for expressing ones’ internal feelings. Trauma whether it happens to a child, adolescent or an adult can contribute to feeling disorganized and insecure. For a child, adolescent or an adult feeling disorganized is scary. Sandplay Therapy will enhance self- regulation evident in one' behavior.
(484) 578-0824 View (484) 578-0824
Photo of Diane H McQueen, Licensed Professional Counselor in Chester Springs, PA
Diane H McQueen
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC
Verified Verified
Chester Springs, PA 19425
My areas of specialization include: Depression and Anxiety, Women's Issues, Couples/Marital, Trauma, Substance Abuse and Recovery, Life Transitions.
"I believe human emotions need to be taken seriously and my purpose is to help my clients do so. By assisting them to recognize and understand their feelings they will see their potential to change and be more effective in their interactions." Whatever the crisis: depression, lack of self-esteem, family conflict, loneliness, chemical dependency: I'm here to listen, to help, to counsel. In an atmosphere of privacy and confidentiality, we will develop an individualized plan that meets your specific needs.
My areas of specialization include: Depression and Anxiety, Women's Issues, Couples/Marital, Trauma, Substance Abuse and Recovery, Life Transitions.
"I believe human emotions need to be taken seriously and my purpose is to help my clients do so. By assisting them to recognize and understand their feelings they will see their potential to change and be more effective in their interactions." Whatever the crisis: depression, lack of self-esteem, family conflict, loneliness, chemical dependency: I'm here to listen, to help, to counsel. In an atmosphere of privacy and confidentiality, we will develop an individualized plan that meets your specific needs.
(484) 948-3555 View (484) 948-3555
Photo of Diane Bradley, Counselor in Chester Springs, PA
Diane Bradley
Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Chester Springs, PA 19425
I have 12+ yrs treating anxiety, depression, grief/loss, trauma, substance use, relationship conflicts, & infertility/pregnancy loss.
One of the bravest things you can do is begin to understand your own story. Part of our story is suffering. Emotional suffering may include anxiety, depression, grief, conflicts in relationships and trauma. For most of us, suffering is more than just one thing. As humans, we innately try to avoid suffering instead of confronting it. I want to guide you to understand, confront, and alleviate your suffering. The goal is to increase understanding of the self which leads to feelings of empowerment, courage, self-determination, hope, meaningfulness and freedom.
I have 12+ yrs treating anxiety, depression, grief/loss, trauma, substance use, relationship conflicts, & infertility/pregnancy loss.
One of the bravest things you can do is begin to understand your own story. Part of our story is suffering. Emotional suffering may include anxiety, depression, grief, conflicts in relationships and trauma. For most of us, suffering is more than just one thing. As humans, we innately try to avoid suffering instead of confronting it. I want to guide you to understand, confront, and alleviate your suffering. The goal is to increase understanding of the self which leads to feelings of empowerment, courage, self-determination, hope, meaningfulness and freedom.
(484) 246-8632 View (484) 246-8632
Photo of Lee Anne LaRosa, Licensed Professional Counselor in Chester Springs, PA
Lee Anne LaRosa
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, MSc, LPC
Verified Verified
Chester Springs, PA 19425  (Online Only)
I offer empathic therapy with a focus on trauma informed practices. My approach is collaborative and psychodynamic, and driven by the unique needs of each individual client. My specialty is helping my clients through the treatment of trauma and history of trauma, relational challenges, and transitional life events.
I offer empathic therapy with a focus on trauma informed practices. My approach is collaborative and psychodynamic, and driven by the unique needs of each individual client. My specialty is helping my clients through the treatment of trauma and history of trauma, relational challenges, and transitional life events.
(267) 310-1093 View (267) 310-1093
Photo of Tanja Gustafson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chester Springs, PA
Tanja Gustafson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Chester Springs, PA 19425
I am a licensed clinical social worker (LCSW) experienced in working with individuals suffering from depression, anxiety, grief/loss, trauma, relationship issues, life change, and coping with environmental stress.
I will work with you to resolve areas where you may feel misunderstood, confused, or stuck. Studies have shown that we are able to change throughout our lifespan. This means we do not have to be stuck living the same way forever. My approach is psychodynamic psychotherapy where two people work together to understand what is contributing to one’s suffering and to find a path forward, toward recovery. I enjoy working with adults and adolescents looking for a change and a way to experience happiness in life.
I am a licensed clinical social worker (LCSW) experienced in working with individuals suffering from depression, anxiety, grief/loss, trauma, relationship issues, life change, and coping with environmental stress.
I will work with you to resolve areas where you may feel misunderstood, confused, or stuck. Studies have shown that we are able to change throughout our lifespan. This means we do not have to be stuck living the same way forever. My approach is psychodynamic psychotherapy where two people work together to understand what is contributing to one’s suffering and to find a path forward, toward recovery. I enjoy working with adults and adolescents looking for a change and a way to experience happiness in life.
(484) 207-5451 View (484) 207-5451
Photo of Amanda Woolston, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chester Springs, PA
Amanda Woolston
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSS, LCSW, CT
Verified Verified
Chester Springs, PA 19425
My work is client-led, adoption-competent, trauma-informed, client-centered, anti-racist, accepting of all bodies, and LGBTQIA+ affirming.
Therapist profiles can be overwhelming. You may feel like you have to know exactly what you need in order to find a therapist that addresses it. I want you to know that helping you learn what you need is part of therapy. Maybe all you know for sure is that you are emotionally suffering and would like help. My background is working with adoption (all forms), foster care, family loss, trauma, parenting, co-dependency, and more. However, I also help folks from all walks of life reduce their emotional suffering and achieve their goals. Whatever your needs are, I'm happy to see if I can help you suffer less and enjoy life more.
My work is client-led, adoption-competent, trauma-informed, client-centered, anti-racist, accepting of all bodies, and LGBTQIA+ affirming.
Therapist profiles can be overwhelming. You may feel like you have to know exactly what you need in order to find a therapist that addresses it. I want you to know that helping you learn what you need is part of therapy. Maybe all you know for sure is that you are emotionally suffering and would like help. My background is working with adoption (all forms), foster care, family loss, trauma, parenting, co-dependency, and more. However, I also help folks from all walks of life reduce their emotional suffering and achieve their goals. Whatever your needs are, I'm happy to see if I can help you suffer less and enjoy life more.
(484) 218-3132 View (484) 218-3132
Photo of Dr. Bre Ford, Marriage & Family Therapist in Chester Springs, PA
Dr. Bre Ford
Marriage & Family Therapist, PsyD, LMFT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Chester Springs, PA 19425
Is your family struggling? I specialize in working with individuals and multiple members of a family. Together, we can identify the issues that are causing distress and create a plan for happiness and goal achievement. I have a gentle, warm approach that helps clients feel a sense of calm and a lack of judgment during the therapy process. I use empowering therapeutic approaches designed to increase self-esteem, along with scientifically-based methods that help clients work through anxiety, communication issues, and trauma. I am passionate about helping families achieve change.
Is your family struggling? I specialize in working with individuals and multiple members of a family. Together, we can identify the issues that are causing distress and create a plan for happiness and goal achievement. I have a gentle, warm approach that helps clients feel a sense of calm and a lack of judgment during the therapy process. I use empowering therapeutic approaches designed to increase self-esteem, along with scientifically-based methods that help clients work through anxiety, communication issues, and trauma. I am passionate about helping families achieve change.
(619) 274-0810 View (619) 274-0810
Photo of Amber Cardemil, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chester Springs, PA
Amber Cardemil
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Chester Springs, PA 19425
Hello! I’m Amber. I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) and my training is strengths-based, trauma informed, and recovery-perspective grounded. I have practiced extensively with individuals and families working to make treatment a collaborative process. I specialize in the field of eating disorders treating adolescents and adults, individuals and families. I have worked in all levels of care for over a decade, allowing me to treat an array of symptoms and co-occurring conditions.
Hello! I’m Amber. I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) and my training is strengths-based, trauma informed, and recovery-perspective grounded. I have practiced extensively with individuals and families working to make treatment a collaborative process. I specialize in the field of eating disorders treating adolescents and adults, individuals and families. I have worked in all levels of care for over a decade, allowing me to treat an array of symptoms and co-occurring conditions.
(610) 600-1463 View (610) 600-1463
Photo of Kerstin Miller, Marriage & Family Therapist in Chester Springs, PA
Kerstin Miller
Marriage & Family Therapist, MDiv, LMFT, CST
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Chester Springs, PA 19425
EMDR is a trauma treatment method that is helpful in treating a variety of issues, such as depression, chronic pain, performance-anxiety, and sexual dysfunction.
I specialize in anger-management, sex-therapy, Emdr, depression, and anxiety. I support men and women to rediscover their self-confidence and help clients to get in touch with a positive sense of self that enhances life quality and performance. In addition I specialize in couples therapy, where I support couples to hear and understand each other in a more empathic way. My focus is to create an emotionally safe environment that allows for sharing, without repetition of destructive patterns in session. I guide couples to feel compassion which leads partners to rediscover love, hope, and optimism for the future.
EMDR is a trauma treatment method that is helpful in treating a variety of issues, such as depression, chronic pain, performance-anxiety, and sexual dysfunction.
I specialize in anger-management, sex-therapy, Emdr, depression, and anxiety. I support men and women to rediscover their self-confidence and help clients to get in touch with a positive sense of self that enhances life quality and performance. In addition I specialize in couples therapy, where I support couples to hear and understand each other in a more empathic way. My focus is to create an emotionally safe environment that allows for sharing, without repetition of destructive patterns in session. I guide couples to feel compassion which leads partners to rediscover love, hope, and optimism for the future.
(484) 851-9260 View (484) 851-9260
Photo of Noah K Carroll, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chester Springs, PA
Noah K Carroll
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSS, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chester Springs, PA 19425
Treating trauma and working with survivors of trauma is my passion.
Hi! I'm Noah, a Licensed Clinical Social Worker and therapist. I work with a broad range of clients, and offer individual adult, adolescent and pediatric therapy; couples therapy and family therapy. My clients come to me with a range of needs and goals, but broadly I work with clients to foster healthy relationships, promote mental wellbeing and grit, and develop an overall sense of body-mind wellness. I specialize in the treatment of PTSD and complex trauma, anxiety, depression, mood disorders, complex grief, ADHD, and substance abuse.
Treating trauma and working with survivors of trauma is my passion.
Hi! I'm Noah, a Licensed Clinical Social Worker and therapist. I work with a broad range of clients, and offer individual adult, adolescent and pediatric therapy; couples therapy and family therapy. My clients come to me with a range of needs and goals, but broadly I work with clients to foster healthy relationships, promote mental wellbeing and grit, and develop an overall sense of body-mind wellness. I specialize in the treatment of PTSD and complex trauma, anxiety, depression, mood disorders, complex grief, ADHD, and substance abuse.
(484) 265-9914 View (484) 265-9914
Photo of Diany Fermin, Licensed Professional Counselor in Chester Springs, PA
Diany Fermin
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Chester Springs, PA 19425  (Online Only)
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor in the states of Pennsylvania and New Jersey. I have worked with clients with a wide range of concerns including depression, anxiety, relationship issues, parenting problems, bipolar disorder, OCD, ODD, PTSD, and ADHD. We'll use a whole self and client centered approach, addressing the needs of your mind, body and spirit.
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor in the states of Pennsylvania and New Jersey. I have worked with clients with a wide range of concerns including depression, anxiety, relationship issues, parenting problems, bipolar disorder, OCD, ODD, PTSD, and ADHD. We'll use a whole self and client centered approach, addressing the needs of your mind, body and spirit.
(610) 753-5710 View (610) 753-5710
Photo of Dr. Kira Graves, Licensed Professional Counselor in Chester Springs, PA
Dr. Kira Graves
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, MEd, LPC
Verified Verified
Chester Springs, PA 19425  (Online Only)
I have worked with clients with a wide range of concerns including trauma, depression, anxiety, relationship issues, career challenges, ADHD and ASD.
Research shows that individuals in other countries outside of the United States are simply happier. According to U.S. News, the United States comes in at a staggering 19th place, as far as World’s Happiest Countries goes. I have traveled to over 45 countries to gain a better understanding of precisely why this is. I seek to find not only why individuals in other countries are happier, what qualities they possess, in addition to what their daily lifestyles encompass that encourage happiness levels.
I have worked with clients with a wide range of concerns including trauma, depression, anxiety, relationship issues, career challenges, ADHD and ASD.
Research shows that individuals in other countries outside of the United States are simply happier. According to U.S. News, the United States comes in at a staggering 19th place, as far as World’s Happiest Countries goes. I have traveled to over 45 countries to gain a better understanding of precisely why this is. I seek to find not only why individuals in other countries are happier, what qualities they possess, in addition to what their daily lifestyles encompass that encourage happiness levels.
(484) 276-5219 View (484) 276-5219
Photo of Anastasia Katchan, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chester Springs, PA
Anastasia Katchan
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CCTP, CST
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chester Springs, PA 19425  (Online Only)
Life can be challenging. Stress, anxiety, depression and relationship problems can affect a quality of your life. You might feel overwhelmed and unsure what to do. I help clients to learn about themselves, heal from negative life experiences, learn coping skills and have an exciting and satisfying sex life. I work with clients who have lack of sexual desire, difficulties with reaching an orgasm, pain during sex and erectile difficulties. I am a certified clinical trauma professional, and an AASECT certified sex therapist.
Life can be challenging. Stress, anxiety, depression and relationship problems can affect a quality of your life. You might feel overwhelmed and unsure what to do. I help clients to learn about themselves, heal from negative life experiences, learn coping skills and have an exciting and satisfying sex life. I work with clients who have lack of sexual desire, difficulties with reaching an orgasm, pain during sex and erectile difficulties. I am a certified clinical trauma professional, and an AASECT certified sex therapist.
(610) 439-9825 View (610) 439-9825
Photo of Tamara Gray-Phillips, Marriage & Family Therapist in Chester Springs, PA
Tamara Gray-Phillips
Marriage & Family Therapist, MSMFT, LMFT
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Chester Springs, PA 19425
I pursue a therapeutic framework that supports setting goals and strategies for productive therapeutic work. I enjoy counseling individuals, couples, and families. I am committed to compassionately working with clients who may experience depression, anxiety, mood disorders, marital and relational issues, and difficult family dynamics. I also help clients who need assistance in life coaching, communication, and conflict resolution. I create a safe haven that encompasses transparency, non-judgment, and acceptance, while empowering you to achieve goals with desirable results.
I pursue a therapeutic framework that supports setting goals and strategies for productive therapeutic work. I enjoy counseling individuals, couples, and families. I am committed to compassionately working with clients who may experience depression, anxiety, mood disorders, marital and relational issues, and difficult family dynamics. I also help clients who need assistance in life coaching, communication, and conflict resolution. I create a safe haven that encompasses transparency, non-judgment, and acceptance, while empowering you to achieve goals with desirable results.
(484) 712-2974 View (484) 712-2974
Photo of Tami Sherman, Marriage & Family Therapist in Chester Springs, PA
Tami Sherman
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Chester Springs, PA 19425  (Online Only)
Hello! Do you have a lot on your mind but find it difficult to open up to people? Or, when you do share what you're going through, do you feel like the person you are talking to isn't really listening, doesn't care, turns everything you say into something about them, or worse, has a strong opinion on what you "should" do to make things better? What if you had a person in your life who, when you share your worries and dreams is able to really tune into you. When you talk to them, you feel like they understand you on a deep level; you feel like they see you in all your dimensions and accept you without judgement or criticism.
Hello! Do you have a lot on your mind but find it difficult to open up to people? Or, when you do share what you're going through, do you feel like the person you are talking to isn't really listening, doesn't care, turns everything you say into something about them, or worse, has a strong opinion on what you "should" do to make things better? What if you had a person in your life who, when you share your worries and dreams is able to really tune into you. When you talk to them, you feel like they understand you on a deep level; you feel like they see you in all your dimensions and accept you without judgement or criticism.
(484) 309-9034 View (484) 309-9034
Photo of Stephanie Brown, Marriage & Family Therapist in Chester Springs, PA
Stephanie Brown
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Chester Springs, PA 19425
Stumbling blocks....this is a way to describe some of the patterns and responses we can get caught up in over time that hinder us from fulfillment and joy. We all have them and they can show up in our relationships, at work, as parents, with our family of origin and with ourselves. In my therapy practice, we unpack our maladaptive tendencies and their roots to fully understand what holds us back or doesn't serve us. We then learn new ways of being and determine what is within in our power to change. This shifts those stumbling blocks to stairways.
Stumbling blocks....this is a way to describe some of the patterns and responses we can get caught up in over time that hinder us from fulfillment and joy. We all have them and they can show up in our relationships, at work, as parents, with our family of origin and with ourselves. In my therapy practice, we unpack our maladaptive tendencies and their roots to fully understand what holds us back or doesn't serve us. We then learn new ways of being and determine what is within in our power to change. This shifts those stumbling blocks to stairways.
(484) 207-5762 View (484) 207-5762
Photo of Reneé Todd, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chester Springs, PA
Reneé Todd
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Chester Springs, PA 19425  (Online Only)
Sometimes life hands us more than we can deal with on our own; that’s why I became a therapist- to help people manage through difficult times so they can find a sense of safety & security to function at their best. Whether it's due to stress, anxiety, relationship/family challenges, or past emotional pain, we’ll work together to help you discover what you need to heal and grow. As a licensed therapist as well as a clinical supervisor of therapists, over the years, I’ve guided hundreds of individuals, couples, parents, and families in defining and connecting to the ideals, values, and relationships that made them feel whole again.
Sometimes life hands us more than we can deal with on our own; that’s why I became a therapist- to help people manage through difficult times so they can find a sense of safety & security to function at their best. Whether it's due to stress, anxiety, relationship/family challenges, or past emotional pain, we’ll work together to help you discover what you need to heal and grow. As a licensed therapist as well as a clinical supervisor of therapists, over the years, I’ve guided hundreds of individuals, couples, parents, and families in defining and connecting to the ideals, values, and relationships that made them feel whole again.
(610) 215-2037 View (610) 215-2037
Photo of Shelby Riley, LMFT and Associates, Marriage & Family Therapist in Chester Springs, PA
Shelby Riley, LMFT and Associates
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
11 Endorsed
Chester Springs, PA 19425
Are you feeling anxious, depressed, overwhelmed? Are your intimate relationships not what you hoped they would be? Are you worried about your children's behavior or social skills? There are times in everyone's life when help from a professional can make all the difference. Therapy starts with an effort to get to know you and your concerns. We then work together to create clear goals and form a plan that fits for you.
Are you feeling anxious, depressed, overwhelmed? Are your intimate relationships not what you hoped they would be? Are you worried about your children's behavior or social skills? There are times in everyone's life when help from a professional can make all the difference. Therapy starts with an effort to get to know you and your concerns. We then work together to create clear goals and form a plan that fits for you.
(484) 257-9600 View (484) 257-9600
Photo of Rose Wagner, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chester Springs, PA
Rose Wagner
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Chester Springs, PA 19425
I offer a strength-based, solution-focused approach to change. We can work together to relieve anger, fear, anxiety or symptoms of depression. I can share tools & skills toward bettering your marital & family relationships. I will assist you to navigate the often turbulent & challenging phases of adolescence & young adulthood. I will help facilitate better communication in blended families. I offer counsel to help manage life transitions-marriage, divorce, relocation & career change. I will support you through the process of grief & loss. I will foster improved self-esteem, empowerment and self-compassion.
I offer a strength-based, solution-focused approach to change. We can work together to relieve anger, fear, anxiety or symptoms of depression. I can share tools & skills toward bettering your marital & family relationships. I will assist you to navigate the often turbulent & challenging phases of adolescence & young adulthood. I will help facilitate better communication in blended families. I offer counsel to help manage life transitions-marriage, divorce, relocation & career change. I will support you through the process of grief & loss. I will foster improved self-esteem, empowerment and self-compassion.
(610) 572-2279 View (610) 572-2279
Photo of Renae M Utz, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chester Springs, PA
Renae M Utz
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chester Springs, PA 19425  (Online Only)
We all need to be heard. We all need someone who can sit with us and truly hear our story. I believe therapy is a collaborative process in which we work together to address the challenges and changes you may be facing. For 26 years, I have been working with people just like you--people who need someone to listen, support and engage. People who need a dedicated time and safe place to step out of the chaos of life and sort through their stress and struggles. People who are seeking self-awareness and supportive feedback.
We all need to be heard. We all need someone who can sit with us and truly hear our story. I believe therapy is a collaborative process in which we work together to address the challenges and changes you may be facing. For 26 years, I have been working with people just like you--people who need someone to listen, support and engage. People who need a dedicated time and safe place to step out of the chaos of life and sort through their stress and struggles. People who are seeking self-awareness and supportive feedback.
(484) 696-1609 View (484) 696-1609

See more therapy options for Chester Springs

Trauma and PTSD Therapists

When should I seek treatment for trauma?

Not everyone who undergoes trauma needs therapy to heal, but many do. If, after experiencing a traumatic event, you find yourself struggling with symptoms such as nightmares, dissociation, irritability, or emotional numbness—especially if these symptoms last more than a month and are severe enough to interfere with your daily functioning—you may benefit from seeking out therapy with a trauma-informed provider.

How long does trauma therapy take?

Different types of therapy for trauma unfold on different timelines. Prolonged exposure therapy and cognitive processing therapy, for example, each take about three months, while trauma-informed CBT may last anywhere from 8 to 25 sessions. Other approaches, especially those that are less structured or that incorporate elements from multiple modalities, may be more open-ended, though many patients report feeling better within the first few months of treatment.

What happens if trauma is left untreated?

Unaddressed trauma can have serious—even devastating—effects on relationships, career, and day-to-day functioning. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) can lead people to distrust or lash out at others, making it difficult to maintain intimate relationships; it can also trigger symptoms such as flashbacks or hyperreactivity that can interfere with a person’s ability to function effectively, personally and/or professionally. Some sufferers turn to drugs to find relief. Symptoms may lessen on their own with time, but there is no guarantee that PTSD will resolve on its own.

Can PTSD come back after treatment?

It is possible for PTSD symptoms to recur months or years after successful treatment. This is because, like most mental health disorders, it is not possible to “cure” PTSD, and stressful life events may cause symptoms to recur in even the most resilient individuals. There is no shame in re-experiencing PTSD symptoms nor in returning to therapy when such relapses occur; indeed, many forms of trauma therapy explicitly encourage periodic “maintenance sessions” to reinforce coping skills and ensure that symptoms stay manageable.