Gestalt Therapists in Edgehill, Nashville, TN

Photo of Lucy Kozak Cesnik, Pre-Licensed Professional in Edgehill, Nashville, TN
Lucy Kozak Cesnik
Pre-Licensed Professional, MMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Edgehill, Nashville, TN 37212
Feeling overwhelmed by leadership or job stress? Balancing work and life a challenge? Yearning for connections, battling self-doubt? I'm Lucy, a former music industry exec turned therapist, and my journey is a bit more rock 'n' roll than your average counselor's. I left my executive job in 2022 after completing graduate studies and clinical training in psychology, relationships, authentic leadership, and behavior change. Now, I'm passionate about guiding my clients through career breakthroughs, relationship improvement, and LASTING change through my work in my private practice on Music Row and throughout Tennessee via Zoom.
Feeling overwhelmed by leadership or job stress? Balancing work and life a challenge? Yearning for connections, battling self-doubt? I'm Lucy, a former music industry exec turned therapist, and my journey is a bit more rock 'n' roll than your average counselor's. I left my executive job in 2022 after completing graduate studies and clinical training in psychology, relationships, authentic leadership, and behavior change. Now, I'm passionate about guiding my clients through career breakthroughs, relationship improvement, and LASTING change through my work in my private practice on Music Row and throughout Tennessee via Zoom.
(615) 282-5317 View (615) 282-5317
Photo of Rebecca Pearce, Psychologist in Edgehill, Nashville, TN
Rebecca Pearce
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Edgehill, Nashville, TN 37203
I help people with anxiety (worry or panic), depression, grief, trauma, and trouble with eating patterns or body image. I help people who find themselves in a different world due to divorce, estrangement, coming out, or relocation. I also help those visited by the ongoing impact of another's addiction or of caring for a loved one who is sick. Whether in the midst of turbulence or motivated to reclaim your strength, you're in the right place to benefit from therapy.
I help people with anxiety (worry or panic), depression, grief, trauma, and trouble with eating patterns or body image. I help people who find themselves in a different world due to divorce, estrangement, coming out, or relocation. I also help those visited by the ongoing impact of another's addiction or of caring for a loved one who is sick. Whether in the midst of turbulence or motivated to reclaim your strength, you're in the right place to benefit from therapy.
(615) 454-9212 View (615) 454-9212
Photo of James Bush, Licensed Professional Counselor in Edgehill, Nashville, TN
James Bush
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MHSP
Verified Verified
7 Endorsed
Edgehill, Nashville, TN 37203
To begin, Distance Counseling is offered for clients who cannot make face to face sessions. I believe barriers seldom produce opportunities for change. On another note, I am usually asked, what person is best suited or needs counseling? Honestly, there are many ways and templates (Word document and Google Search) geared to answer this question. Those methods sound enticing. Yet, they operate from the focus of a proprietor. Another clinician may indicate the best suited clients are willing and committed. I don't need the BEST SUITED CLIENT, just those who ask for help. Let's Work Together.
To begin, Distance Counseling is offered for clients who cannot make face to face sessions. I believe barriers seldom produce opportunities for change. On another note, I am usually asked, what person is best suited or needs counseling? Honestly, there are many ways and templates (Word document and Google Search) geared to answer this question. Those methods sound enticing. Yet, they operate from the focus of a proprietor. Another clinician may indicate the best suited clients are willing and committed. I don't need the BEST SUITED CLIENT, just those who ask for help. Let's Work Together.
(615) 229-6205 View (615) 229-6205
Photo of Tom Rhodes, Marriage & Family Therapist in Edgehill, Nashville, TN
Tom Rhodes
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Edgehill, Nashville, TN 37203
Welcome. Whether you are struggling in your relationship or are tired of feeling anxious and depressed, I can help you connect with yourself, and in turn with others, in a new way toward feeling better soon. I honor and respect everything within you, in the midst of your search and struggle, which has brought you here. I really get how lonely, desperate, hopeless feeling or even numbing, that struggle can be. I have an MA in Integral Counseling Psychology from the California Institute of Integral Studies in San Francisco — the first program in the world to blend Western schools of psychology with Eastern spiritual traditions.
Welcome. Whether you are struggling in your relationship or are tired of feeling anxious and depressed, I can help you connect with yourself, and in turn with others, in a new way toward feeling better soon. I honor and respect everything within you, in the midst of your search and struggle, which has brought you here. I really get how lonely, desperate, hopeless feeling or even numbing, that struggle can be. I have an MA in Integral Counseling Psychology from the California Institute of Integral Studies in San Francisco — the first program in the world to blend Western schools of psychology with Eastern spiritual traditions.
(615) 437-4959 View (615) 437-4959
Photo of Stacey Shine, Licensed Professional Counselor in Edgehill, Nashville, TN
Stacey Shine
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Edgehill, Nashville, TN 37202  (Online Only)
I enjoying working with clients who are ready to get back to their optimal level of functioning. We all get in ruts and go through hard times. My goal is to help my clients figure out how to gain skills to get past what they are going through currently and be able to tackle any issues in the future as well.
I enjoying working with clients who are ready to get back to their optimal level of functioning. We all get in ruts and go through hard times. My goal is to help my clients figure out how to gain skills to get past what they are going through currently and be able to tackle any issues in the future as well.
(423) 205-7099 View (423) 205-7099
Photo of Marci M Breedlove, Psychologist in Edgehill, Nashville, TN
Marci M Breedlove
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Edgehill, Nashville, TN 37202  (Online Only)
Everyone wants to be themselves, to be “seen,” and to be valued for their uniqueness. We’re wired to need safe and affirming relationships and connection with others. When we’re struggling, it’s usually because something has gotten in the way of these things - not because we’re somehow "defective" or "flawed." I value authenticity, and strive to help clients feel and honor emotions that may seem “wrong" or unacceptable.
Everyone wants to be themselves, to be “seen,” and to be valued for their uniqueness. We’re wired to need safe and affirming relationships and connection with others. When we’re struggling, it’s usually because something has gotten in the way of these things - not because we’re somehow "defective" or "flawed." I value authenticity, and strive to help clients feel and honor emotions that may seem “wrong" or unacceptable.
(865) 217-0296 View (865) 217-0296
Photo of Miranda Willis, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Edgehill, Nashville, TN
Miranda Willis
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW, MPA
Verified Verified
Edgehill, Nashville, TN 37203  (Online Only)
Weekend, Before-Hours, & After Hours Availability - - - One of the hardest places to exist is a place where you are unfamiliar, unhappy, or uncomfortable with yourself. My desire is to create and nurture an environment where my clients learn to trust themselves and their abilities to navigate successfully through life. Within my practice, I am determined to be a source of unconditional, nonjudgmental support that both empowers and respects each and every client.
Weekend, Before-Hours, & After Hours Availability - - - One of the hardest places to exist is a place where you are unfamiliar, unhappy, or uncomfortable with yourself. My desire is to create and nurture an environment where my clients learn to trust themselves and their abilities to navigate successfully through life. Within my practice, I am determined to be a source of unconditional, nonjudgmental support that both empowers and respects each and every client.
(615) 857-4018 View (615) 857-4018
Photo of Bre’Onna Joyce Logothetis in Edgehill, Nashville, TN
Bre’Onna Joyce Logothetis
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Edgehill, Nashville, TN 37203
There is a stigma that seeking counseling is weak or only for those who are going through “really hard things” - both of those statements are simply not true. Taking time to focus on who you are and pouring into your mental health is a great way to love yourself. With that being said, it takes a great amount of vulnerability, humility, courage, and hope to open up to someone about things you may have never talked to anyone about before. My desire as a counselor is to build trust and help you feel safe and comfortable as we work together.
There is a stigma that seeking counseling is weak or only for those who are going through “really hard things” - both of those statements are simply not true. Taking time to focus on who you are and pouring into your mental health is a great way to love yourself. With that being said, it takes a great amount of vulnerability, humility, courage, and hope to open up to someone about things you may have never talked to anyone about before. My desire as a counselor is to build trust and help you feel safe and comfortable as we work together.
(615) 905-1344 View (615) 905-1344
Photo of Victoria Elizabeth Vaagbay in Edgehill, Nashville, TN
Victoria Elizabeth Vaagbay
MS, BA, CMHC, VA
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Edgehill, Nashville, TN 37202
Waitlist for new clients
I am a skilled problem solver and critical thinker who establishes rapport easily with clients through individual and group sessions to develop treatment plans, determine goals, implement clinical services that leads to positive outcomes and resolutions. As a collaborative leader, my strong interpersonal and communication skills allows me to work effectively with multidisciplinary teams and other healthcare professionals to successfully assist individuals striving for optimum mental and emotional health.
I am a skilled problem solver and critical thinker who establishes rapport easily with clients through individual and group sessions to develop treatment plans, determine goals, implement clinical services that leads to positive outcomes and resolutions. As a collaborative leader, my strong interpersonal and communication skills allows me to work effectively with multidisciplinary teams and other healthcare professionals to successfully assist individuals striving for optimum mental and emotional health.
(931) 342-4188 View (931) 342-4188
Photo of Jody Babb, Counselor in Edgehill, Nashville, TN
Jody Babb
Counselor, MSEd, LMHC, LPC, MHSP
Verified Verified
Edgehill, Nashville, TN 37203  (Online Only)
Are you struggling with everyday life stressors? Perhaps you have anxiety, depression, or just not feeling like your usual self. Do you have racing thoughts, loss of sleep, lack of motivation? Maybe you are telling yourself "life has been more overwhelming than usual, I just want things to be different." You might say you are ok but you feel like you are wearing a mask, and you have a hard time functioning. Are your relationships suffering? Are you feeling like you don't want to get out of bed or go to work? Lost that spiritual connection? Maybe, you want to learn healthier ways to cope. Today you take back your life!
Are you struggling with everyday life stressors? Perhaps you have anxiety, depression, or just not feeling like your usual self. Do you have racing thoughts, loss of sleep, lack of motivation? Maybe you are telling yourself "life has been more overwhelming than usual, I just want things to be different." You might say you are ok but you feel like you are wearing a mask, and you have a hard time functioning. Are your relationships suffering? Are you feeling like you don't want to get out of bed or go to work? Lost that spiritual connection? Maybe, you want to learn healthier ways to cope. Today you take back your life!
(585) 312-6971 View (585) 312-6971
Photo of Dr. Corinne Webster, Licensed Professional Counselor in Edgehill, Nashville, TN
Dr. Corinne Webster
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC-S, MHSP, CSC, RPT
Verified Verified
Edgehill, Nashville, TN 37203  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
I view counseling as a journey of awareness, growth, and self-compassion. As your travel companion, I aim to provide insight, encouragement, and a gentle nudge to help you reach your destination. I work with individuals, groups, and families of all ages and backgrounds and have specialized experience helping clients with issues of anxiety, grief, trauma, spirituality, self-harm, and gender identity. When appropriate, I offer dreamwork, sandtray therapy, and psychotherapeutic Reiki interventions. My approach is collaborative and respectful, primarily drawing from an integration of humanistic, cognitive, and narrative frameworks.
I view counseling as a journey of awareness, growth, and self-compassion. As your travel companion, I aim to provide insight, encouragement, and a gentle nudge to help you reach your destination. I work with individuals, groups, and families of all ages and backgrounds and have specialized experience helping clients with issues of anxiety, grief, trauma, spirituality, self-harm, and gender identity. When appropriate, I offer dreamwork, sandtray therapy, and psychotherapeutic Reiki interventions. My approach is collaborative and respectful, primarily drawing from an integration of humanistic, cognitive, and narrative frameworks.
(423) 205-4867 View (423) 205-4867

Online Therapists

Photo of Megan Schnupp Hyatt, Pre-Licensed Professional in Edgehill, Nashville, TN
Megan Schnupp Hyatt
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Nashville, TN 37205
I also often utilize cognitive behavioral therapy, internal family systems, gestalt, polyvagal theory, and somatic experiencing.
As your therapist, I welcome you to show up as you are, unapologetically, and I will do the same. Whether you are just starting your healing journey, or are looking for a change of direction, I am here to witness your journey. I enjoy working with those aged 16 and up, and those who are dealing with addiction and recovery, anxiety, grief, relationship concerns, trauma, and specifically religious trauma.
I also often utilize cognitive behavioral therapy, internal family systems, gestalt, polyvagal theory, and somatic experiencing.
As your therapist, I welcome you to show up as you are, unapologetically, and I will do the same. Whether you are just starting your healing journey, or are looking for a change of direction, I am here to witness your journey. I enjoy working with those aged 16 and up, and those who are dealing with addiction and recovery, anxiety, grief, relationship concerns, trauma, and specifically religious trauma.
(615) 392-4379 View (615) 392-4379
Photo of Marie Turley in Edgehill, Nashville, TN
Marie Turley
MA, LSPE, MHSP
Verified Verified
Nashville, TN 37215
Since I believe that therapy is a dynamic, individualized process, I have been trained in and use a variety of modalities in my practice: Talk therapy, EMDR, Brainspotting, Psychodrama, Gestalt, EFT Tapping, Matrix Reimprinting, AIT, Adventure Therapy Experiential Therapy and Sound Bath.
Sometimes life can feel overwhelming or just plain hard. Do you need someone to walk with you on your individual journey toward healing? If you struggle with affects of trauma, reactivity to difficult life events or people, relationship issues, feeling stuck, self criticism, emotional turmoil, codependency, burn out, or transition, I'd like to face it with you. Together we can look at your challenges and approach them in ways that feel right to you. It's never too late to move toward having the life you really want.
Since I believe that therapy is a dynamic, individualized process, I have been trained in and use a variety of modalities in my practice: Talk therapy, EMDR, Brainspotting, Psychodrama, Gestalt, EFT Tapping, Matrix Reimprinting, AIT, Adventure Therapy Experiential Therapy and Sound Bath.
Sometimes life can feel overwhelming or just plain hard. Do you need someone to walk with you on your individual journey toward healing? If you struggle with affects of trauma, reactivity to difficult life events or people, relationship issues, feeling stuck, self criticism, emotional turmoil, codependency, burn out, or transition, I'd like to face it with you. Together we can look at your challenges and approach them in ways that feel right to you. It's never too late to move toward having the life you really want.
(615) 559-0138 View (615) 559-0138
Photo of Deborah E Doineau, Psychologist in Edgehill, Nashville, TN
Deborah E Doineau
Psychologist, EdD
Verified Verified
Nashville, TN 37212
My early training as a psychologist involved the use of a developmental, humanistic/existential, client centered approach, but over time I have incorporated many other techniques, most notably Mindfulness Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Gestalt therapy.
My clientele consists of children, adolescents, and adults. I use a variety of approaches in working with my clients in an attempt to find the most efficacious approach to meet the particular client's needs. As a psychologist, I also perform psychological evaluations for diagnostic purposes. For example, I evaluate cognitive ability, learning disorders, ADHD, autism spectrum disorders, and many other issues. Finding oneself can be a daunting task in our complex society. I aspire to help my clients achieve self understanding, a sense of efficacy, and develop tools to assist them in navigating life's challenges on their own.
My early training as a psychologist involved the use of a developmental, humanistic/existential, client centered approach, but over time I have incorporated many other techniques, most notably Mindfulness Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Gestalt therapy.
My clientele consists of children, adolescents, and adults. I use a variety of approaches in working with my clients in an attempt to find the most efficacious approach to meet the particular client's needs. As a psychologist, I also perform psychological evaluations for diagnostic purposes. For example, I evaluate cognitive ability, learning disorders, ADHD, autism spectrum disorders, and many other issues. Finding oneself can be a daunting task in our complex society. I aspire to help my clients achieve self understanding, a sense of efficacy, and develop tools to assist them in navigating life's challenges on their own.
(615) 745-1058 View (615) 745-1058
Photo of Jamshid Khoshnoodi, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Edgehill, Nashville, TN
Jamshid Khoshnoodi
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PhD, LCSW
Verified Verified
Nashville, TN 37203
I combine a variety of therapy modalities, including EMDR, Gestalt and Schema therapy, Internal Family Systems, Narrative therapy, and Psychodrama, to help individuals resolve their mental health conflicts and overcome their maladaptive thinking and unhealthy coping behaviors.
Unresolved childhood trauma, neglect, and attachment disorders can turn into long-lasting mental health challenges well into adulthood. Without proper treatment and support, childhood adversities can lead to feelings of unworthiness, hopelessness, helplessness, mood and personality disorders, relationship issues, and a range of other maladaptive and compulsive addictive behaviors in adulthood. Addressing childhood adversities through effective therapies can empower individuals to overcome their mental health challenges and have a chance of living a healthier and more fulfilling life.
I combine a variety of therapy modalities, including EMDR, Gestalt and Schema therapy, Internal Family Systems, Narrative therapy, and Psychodrama, to help individuals resolve their mental health conflicts and overcome their maladaptive thinking and unhealthy coping behaviors.
Unresolved childhood trauma, neglect, and attachment disorders can turn into long-lasting mental health challenges well into adulthood. Without proper treatment and support, childhood adversities can lead to feelings of unworthiness, hopelessness, helplessness, mood and personality disorders, relationship issues, and a range of other maladaptive and compulsive addictive behaviors in adulthood. Addressing childhood adversities through effective therapies can empower individuals to overcome their mental health challenges and have a chance of living a healthier and more fulfilling life.
(615) 553-7041 View (615) 553-7041
Photo of Jim Schettler, Marriage & Family Therapist in Edgehill, Nashville, TN
Jim Schettler
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, CLC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Nashville, TN 37215
I am passionate about helping people overcome, heal, and succeed. With 20+ years of experience I have helped many clients to uncover their true self, overcome significant obstacles, and live a meaningful life consistent with their values and goals. I tailor my therapy by using the most effective approach to fit the individual/circumstances. I can help you develop tools for handling situations, emotions, and relationships effectively. I believe in helping people live a balanced life where they create balance mentally, emotionally, physically, and spiritually. The result? Greater clarity, serenity, joy, purpose, and a better relationship with self and others.
I am passionate about helping people overcome, heal, and succeed. With 20+ years of experience I have helped many clients to uncover their true self, overcome significant obstacles, and live a meaningful life consistent with their values and goals. I tailor my therapy by using the most effective approach to fit the individual/circumstances. I can help you develop tools for handling situations, emotions, and relationships effectively. I believe in helping people live a balanced life where they create balance mentally, emotionally, physically, and spiritually. The result? Greater clarity, serenity, joy, purpose, and a better relationship with self and others.
(615) 763-4671 View (615) 763-4671
Photo of Karen Moran, Drug & Alcohol Counselor in Edgehill, Nashville, TN
Karen Moran
Drug & Alcohol Counselor, LADC II, NCAC II, QCS
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Nashville, TN 37210
Change is hard. It's particularly challenging when a lifestyle is built around behaviors that used to work. Fear, guilt, embarrassment, and anger often are a normal part of the process of becoming aware of the need for change. Sometimes these feelings create a barrier to the necessary change that brings relief. If you struggle with problematic substance use, either your own or someone else's, you know these statements are true. You just want reassurance that it is possible for life to be different...easier. It can be. Once a decision is made to take action...any new action...hope begins to come into focus.
Change is hard. It's particularly challenging when a lifestyle is built around behaviors that used to work. Fear, guilt, embarrassment, and anger often are a normal part of the process of becoming aware of the need for change. Sometimes these feelings create a barrier to the necessary change that brings relief. If you struggle with problematic substance use, either your own or someone else's, you know these statements are true. You just want reassurance that it is possible for life to be different...easier. It can be. Once a decision is made to take action...any new action...hope begins to come into focus.
(615) 436-5739 View (615) 436-5739
Photo of Zulaen Fernandez, Counselor in Edgehill, Nashville, TN
Zulaen Fernandez
Counselor, LCPC, LPCMHSP, BC-TMH
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Nashville, TN 37212
Accepting NEW teletherapy clients now. Life's challenges may seem overwhelming, but as your dedicated counselor, I'm here to guide you through them. Let's identify your strengths and untapped potential together. In our sessions, I offer more than just support – I provide you with empowering tools and engaging interventions. Together, we'll delve into the realms of purpose and meaning, identify and break free from behavior patterns, foster creativity, and cultivate healthy skills tailored just for you.
Accepting NEW teletherapy clients now. Life's challenges may seem overwhelming, but as your dedicated counselor, I'm here to guide you through them. Let's identify your strengths and untapped potential together. In our sessions, I offer more than just support – I provide you with empowering tools and engaging interventions. Together, we'll delve into the realms of purpose and meaning, identify and break free from behavior patterns, foster creativity, and cultivate healthy skills tailored just for you.
(208) 476-1112 View (208) 476-1112
Photo of Haley Lowrey Abee, Pre-Licensed Professional in Edgehill, Nashville, TN
Haley Lowrey Abee
Pre-Licensed Professional, MS
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Nashville, TN 37206
I am passionate about working with those experiencing anxiety, depression, self-esteem issues, life transitions, somatic symptoms and more. I am a believer of the mind, body and soul connection and understand that mental health symptoms can arise in all three domains. I work to recreate balance and equilibrium within the individual as a whole. I aim to create a safe, judgment-free environment that welcomes all parts of the client into the room.
I am passionate about working with those experiencing anxiety, depression, self-esteem issues, life transitions, somatic symptoms and more. I am a believer of the mind, body and soul connection and understand that mental health symptoms can arise in all three domains. I work to recreate balance and equilibrium within the individual as a whole. I aim to create a safe, judgment-free environment that welcomes all parts of the client into the room.
(615) 813-4998 View (615) 813-4998
Photo of Samantha Hymes, Licensed Professional Counselor in Edgehill, Nashville, TN
Samantha Hymes
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPCMHSP, ATR
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Nashville, TN 37206
Do you find yourself ruminating over the past and feeling embarrassed, anxious, or depressed for “not being over it"? Perhaps you learned to compartmentalize your emotions to cope. I work with my clients to hone their emotional awareness and create space to meet, understand, and process parts of their lives that have been put aside to survive.
Do you find yourself ruminating over the past and feeling embarrassed, anxious, or depressed for “not being over it"? Perhaps you learned to compartmentalize your emotions to cope. I work with my clients to hone their emotional awareness and create space to meet, understand, and process parts of their lives that have been put aside to survive.
(615) 258-6249 View (615) 258-6249

See more therapy options for Edgehill, Nashville

Gestalt Therapists

What is gestalt therapy?

Gestalt therapy is based on the idea that to address unresolved negative feelings, emotions must be not only discussed but also actively expressed in the present moment. The term is from a German word meaning “whole,” and gestalt therapists believe that people should be considered whole entities made up of mind, body, and emotions. Gestalt sessions are rooted in the notion that a client’s total self must be discovered, explored, and confronted, so that they can take greater responsibility for themselves and their behavior, learn to satisfy their own needs while still respecting the needs of others, and reconnect with feelings they might otherwise deny.

How does gestalt therapy work?

Gestalt therapy sessions do not just involve talking with a therapist. Clients may take part in role-playing, re-enactment, or artistic exercises like drawing and painting, with the goal of becoming more aware of negative thought patterns that limit happiness. One common gestalt exercise is “the empty chair,” in which a client sits across from an empty chair representing a partner, relative, boss, or a part of themselves—and, with the therapist’s encouragement, improvises a dialog with it. The intention is to bring the emotions raised by past conflicts into the present and work through them in the moment.

How long does gestalt therapy last?

As with most forms of talk therapy, there is no set duration or end point for gestalt therapy; people who believe that they are making progress typically continue until they feel they’ve addressed the issues that had been holding them back. New patients should understand that it may take some time to become comfortable with gestalt exercises but once they do, they should expect sessions to extend for a number of months, typically spanning at least 12 sessions.

Does gestalt therapy work?

Gestalt therapy has generally been found to be as effective as other forms of talk therapy in helping people living with anxiety, depression, phobias, bipolar disorder, and substance use disorders, as well as helping individuals reduce conflict in relationships. Gestalt techniques, on their own or in combination with other therapies, can also be effective in managing physical ailments including ulcerative colitis, migraines, and back spasms. It should be noted that some people may have trouble adapting to gestalt therapy’s lack of formal structure or to a therapist’s close observations of their body language and emotions; others may struggle to commit to techniques that feel unnatural, like the empty chair exercise.