Therapists in Middletown, CA

Photo of Maggie Raintree, MSW, LCSW, SEP, NARM-T, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Maggie Raintree
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, SEP, NARM-T
Verified Verified
Middletown, CA 95461
I specialize in treating trauma and chronic stress, in particular developmental trauma. I work holistically and incorporate the body-mind perspective in my work. I have completed the three-year (216 hour) training to become a Somatic Experiencing Practitioner (SEP), which is a short-term naturalistic approach to healing trauma. I have also completed the two-year (144 hour) training in the NeuroAffective Relational Model (NARM), which is a treatment approach that addresses developmental trauma, i.e. childhood trauma. I am currently studying Psychoanalysis at the Psychoanalytic Association of California (PINC).
I specialize in treating trauma and chronic stress, in particular developmental trauma. I work holistically and incorporate the body-mind perspective in my work. I have completed the three-year (216 hour) training to become a Somatic Experiencing Practitioner (SEP), which is a short-term naturalistic approach to healing trauma. I have also completed the two-year (144 hour) training in the NeuroAffective Relational Model (NARM), which is a treatment approach that addresses developmental trauma, i.e. childhood trauma. I am currently studying Psychoanalysis at the Psychoanalytic Association of California (PINC).
(707) 394-4074 View (707) 394-4074
Photo of Laura deBaun, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Laura deBaun
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Middletown, CA 95461
Not accepting new clients
When you feel stuck; upset over a recent difficulty; or shaken by trauma whether it be a car accident, wildfire, pandemic or a divorce...you need to talk and get support, and you need real clinical help and healing. My therapy approach covers both the present time problems you face, and quickly sorts out any historical patterns that may be driving your behavior in ways that are no longer working. I have specific training in EMDR trauma therapy which resolves both large (like abuse and accidents) and small traumas ("mini traumas" that happen in every day life). Anxiety, panic, depression can all be moved through with therapy.
When you feel stuck; upset over a recent difficulty; or shaken by trauma whether it be a car accident, wildfire, pandemic or a divorce...you need to talk and get support, and you need real clinical help and healing. My therapy approach covers both the present time problems you face, and quickly sorts out any historical patterns that may be driving your behavior in ways that are no longer working. I have specific training in EMDR trauma therapy which resolves both large (like abuse and accidents) and small traumas ("mini traumas" that happen in every day life). Anxiety, panic, depression can all be moved through with therapy.
(707) 266-7665 View (707) 266-7665
Photo of Nancy Peterson-Holt, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Nancy Peterson-Holt
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Middletown, CA 95461  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
As a licensed marriage and family therapist with over 25 years of diverse counseling experience, I am currently providing psychotherapy services for individuals, families, couples, and children in Hawaii and California. My therapeutic practice style is experiential, offering tools and opportunities for self-reflection and emotional growth through empathic support and guidance in a safe and nurturing environment. I believe that each of us holds the key to healing within ourselves, and I help to facilitate the uncovering of these unique inner strengths through the therapeutic process.
As a licensed marriage and family therapist with over 25 years of diverse counseling experience, I am currently providing psychotherapy services for individuals, families, couples, and children in Hawaii and California. My therapeutic practice style is experiential, offering tools and opportunities for self-reflection and emotional growth through empathic support and guidance in a safe and nurturing environment. I believe that each of us holds the key to healing within ourselves, and I help to facilitate the uncovering of these unique inner strengths through the therapeutic process.
(808) 427-3940 View (808) 427-3940
Photo of Kim Baughan Young, MS, MFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Kim Baughan Young
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, MFT
Verified Verified
Middletown, CA 95461
CONFUSED? WORRIED? Fighting at home? Or just can't decide what to do next? I can help you quickly focus and get back on track. We'll look for the next step that you can take TODAY to feel more in control. Then, we'll focus on the BIG PICTURE. What do you love about your life? What do you want to change? What have you always wanted to do? Together, we'll identify your best strengths that will build your confidence, strengthen your relationships and finally find peace of mind.
CONFUSED? WORRIED? Fighting at home? Or just can't decide what to do next? I can help you quickly focus and get back on track. We'll look for the next step that you can take TODAY to feel more in control. Then, we'll focus on the BIG PICTURE. What do you love about your life? What do you want to change? What have you always wanted to do? Together, we'll identify your best strengths that will build your confidence, strengthen your relationships and finally find peace of mind.
(707) 531-4461 View (707) 531-4461
Photo of Vicki Foster, PhD, MFT, LPC, Marriage & Family Therapist
Vicki Foster
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, MFT, LPC
Verified Verified
Middletown, CA 95461
I have been working with individual adults, adolescents, families and couples for nearly 40 yrs. I have worked in every level of mental health care and have been teaching clinical Psychology courses at the graduate level for 20 yrs. as well. I am an eclectic therapist that draws from a wide range of theories, whichever one or combination would be most helpful in the resolution of the issues at hand.
I have been working with individual adults, adolescents, families and couples for nearly 40 yrs. I have worked in every level of mental health care and have been teaching clinical Psychology courses at the graduate level for 20 yrs. as well. I am an eclectic therapist that draws from a wide range of theories, whichever one or combination would be most helpful in the resolution of the issues at hand.
(949) 347-5732 View (949) 347-5732
Photo of Elizabeth Russell, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Elizabeth Russell
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Middletown, CA 95461
As a psychotherapist, I specialize in helping you to sort through thoughts, feelings and experiences that may be troubling you, bringing about feelings of depression, anxiety and even discouragement and low self esteem. I view psychotherapy as a unique process of support, growth, change and self discovery. A process which often leads to a greater understanding and connection to yourself, and in turn, to more meaningful connections with others.
As a psychotherapist, I specialize in helping you to sort through thoughts, feelings and experiences that may be troubling you, bringing about feelings of depression, anxiety and even discouragement and low self esteem. I view psychotherapy as a unique process of support, growth, change and self discovery. A process which often leads to a greater understanding and connection to yourself, and in turn, to more meaningful connections with others.
(323) 275-9474 View (323) 275-9474
Photo of Maya Dincin - Maya Dincin, MA, CMT, CWT
Maya Dincin
MA, CMT, CWT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Middletown, CA 95461
Empowering Change coaching & counseling services meets you where you are and takes you where you want to go. We focus on the core issues that bring you here today. Some of these core issues are under the surface (shadow) and show up as anger, depression, self-doubt, dis-trust & anxiety. Often these emotional patterns are caused by old wounds that are calling for your attention. Understanding why these responses were formed takes them out of the shadows, freeing you from the power they have over you.
Empowering Change coaching & counseling services meets you where you are and takes you where you want to go. We focus on the core issues that bring you here today. Some of these core issues are under the surface (shadow) and show up as anger, depression, self-doubt, dis-trust & anxiety. Often these emotional patterns are caused by old wounds that are calling for your attention. Understanding why these responses were formed takes them out of the shadows, freeing you from the power they have over you.
(707) 289-7016 View (707) 289-7016

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Holly Hand, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Holly Hand
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Hidden Valley Lake, CA 95467
A labyrinth enthusiast since 1999, I incorporate the powerful healing metaphor of the labyrinth journey in my work with clients. Honoring inner wisdom and intuitive guidance, I accompany individuals on the path to remembering and integrating the Truth — deepening and enriching their lives and relationships. I assist clients seeking to initiate healthy changes and to release barriers that have been limiting them enjoyment of life.
A labyrinth enthusiast since 1999, I incorporate the powerful healing metaphor of the labyrinth journey in my work with clients. Honoring inner wisdom and intuitive guidance, I accompany individuals on the path to remembering and integrating the Truth — deepening and enriching their lives and relationships. I assist clients seeking to initiate healthy changes and to release barriers that have been limiting them enjoyment of life.
(707) 987-6159 View (707) 987-6159
Photo of Betty Lue Lieber, PhD, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Betty Lue Lieber
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, LMFT
Verified Verified
Hidden Valley Lake, CA 95467  (Online Only)
I offer creative solutions counseling and coaching. I listen and learn what you really want for your life. I provide education and inspiration plus practical tools for you to live your ideal. Together we undo self-sabotaging mistakes, limiting beliefs and negative habits. Our work together will validate what works for you and eliminate what is ineffective. With information, support and motivation you will experience an "immediate difference" in how you relate, communicate and live everyday.
I offer creative solutions counseling and coaching. I listen and learn what you really want for your life. I provide education and inspiration plus practical tools for you to live your ideal. Together we undo self-sabotaging mistakes, limiting beliefs and negative habits. Our work together will validate what works for you and eliminate what is ineffective. With information, support and motivation you will experience an "immediate difference" in how you relate, communicate and live everyday.
(415) 306-8706 View (415) 306-8706

Online Therapists

Photo of Diana Plotnikova, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Diana Plotnikova
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Fremont, CA 94539
Hello there, my name is Diana Plotnikova, I am a licensed LMFT therapist in California. I support clients in their self-discovery process through the transformative power of psychotherapy to create meaningful changes in life, empower unique gifts and purpose, and enhance mental and emotional well-being. I believe that each of us possesses an internal source of insight and wisdom that can be cultivated through therapy. My approach is warm, relational, strengths-based, and trauma-informed.
Hello there, my name is Diana Plotnikova, I am a licensed LMFT therapist in California. I support clients in their self-discovery process through the transformative power of psychotherapy to create meaningful changes in life, empower unique gifts and purpose, and enhance mental and emotional well-being. I believe that each of us possesses an internal source of insight and wisdom that can be cultivated through therapy. My approach is warm, relational, strengths-based, and trauma-informed.
(510) 395-8578 View (510) 395-8578
Photo of Jessica Alder, ASW
Jessica Alder
Associate Clinical Social Worker, ASW
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94612  (Online Only)
We all want to feel seen, heard, accepted and affirmed. I support people who are in transition, who are working to define their relationships more clearly, and people who are struggling with issues of identity and sexuality, with a particular focus on polyamory and consensual non-monogamy. I believe we can dismantle behavior and reactions that no longer serve us through self-reflection and challenging entrenched habitual communication. I use narrative techniques, emotionally-focused strategies, and parts work to build acceptance, compassion, and presence in oneself.
We all want to feel seen, heard, accepted and affirmed. I support people who are in transition, who are working to define their relationships more clearly, and people who are struggling with issues of identity and sexuality, with a particular focus on polyamory and consensual non-monogamy. I believe we can dismantle behavior and reactions that no longer serve us through self-reflection and challenging entrenched habitual communication. I use narrative techniques, emotionally-focused strategies, and parts work to build acceptance, compassion, and presence in oneself.
(415) 878-6946 View (415) 878-6946
Photo of Matt Bernarding, MS, AMFT, APCC, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate
Matt Bernarding
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MS, AMFT, APCC
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94609
I am here to listen and support your process as you define and pursue your own goals in therapy, as you develop your strengths and come into new strengths, as you grow through life changes, challenges, and transitions, and recover from distressful current conditions and past traumas. I currently have availability to meet with couples, families and and teens between 12 and 17 to work on how we relate to ourselves and others, with an emphasis on empathy, connection, communication and healthy relationships.
I am here to listen and support your process as you define and pursue your own goals in therapy, as you develop your strengths and come into new strengths, as you grow through life changes, challenges, and transitions, and recover from distressful current conditions and past traumas. I currently have availability to meet with couples, families and and teens between 12 and 17 to work on how we relate to ourselves and others, with an emphasis on empathy, connection, communication and healthy relationships.
(415) 329-4374 View (415) 329-4374
Photo of Jay Inglee, LMFT, CMH, CPT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Jay Inglee
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, CMH, CPT
Verified Verified
Grass Valley, CA 95945
Thank You for your time. Over the years I have worked with people from varied walks of life including children with social and emotional difficulties, adolescents facing their own unique challenges, adults, couples and entire families. I have been fortunate to train with experts in Psychodynamic Psychotherapy, Object Relations, Self Psychology, Play and Sand Tray Therapy as well as, Family Systems, Structural Family Therapy and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy. In addition, I am certified in the clinical application of hypnotherapy through, and former Vice President of, the American Psychotherapy & Medical Hypnosis Association.
Thank You for your time. Over the years I have worked with people from varied walks of life including children with social and emotional difficulties, adolescents facing their own unique challenges, adults, couples and entire families. I have been fortunate to train with experts in Psychodynamic Psychotherapy, Object Relations, Self Psychology, Play and Sand Tray Therapy as well as, Family Systems, Structural Family Therapy and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy. In addition, I am certified in the clinical application of hypnotherapy through, and former Vice President of, the American Psychotherapy & Medical Hypnosis Association.
(530) 771-6416 View (530) 771-6416
Photo of Fabiola Calderon, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Fabiola Calderon
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Fremont, CA 94555
Fabiola Calderon, LMFT I’m a bilingual Spanish-speaking therapist. I know that life stressors and culture influence mental health. My approach is focused on getting to know the individual, identifying your personal struggles, needs, and goals. Treatment would be a collaborative effort to help the individual to manage symptoms and behaviors. I have experience in treating trauma, anxiety, panic attacks, loss and grief, parenting stressors, and depression.
Fabiola Calderon, LMFT I’m a bilingual Spanish-speaking therapist. I know that life stressors and culture influence mental health. My approach is focused on getting to know the individual, identifying your personal struggles, needs, and goals. Treatment would be a collaborative effort to help the individual to manage symptoms and behaviors. I have experience in treating trauma, anxiety, panic attacks, loss and grief, parenting stressors, and depression.
(510) 694-0620 View (510) 694-0620
Photo of Holly Gordon, DMH, Psychologist
Holly Gordon
Psychologist, DMH
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94118
Talking to someone who understands the pain you feel-depression, anxiety, or feeling stuck-can relieve inner distress and give you a new perspective on your life. I am empathic and experienced at providing a safe setting where we can explore what is causing you to feel anxious, distressed or unfulfilled. In therapy we work together to clarify those emotions that have kept you from moving forward in your life. You will find new ways to see yourself and others, which leads to more meaningful relationships and a more fulfilling life.
Talking to someone who understands the pain you feel-depression, anxiety, or feeling stuck-can relieve inner distress and give you a new perspective on your life. I am empathic and experienced at providing a safe setting where we can explore what is causing you to feel anxious, distressed or unfulfilled. In therapy we work together to clarify those emotions that have kept you from moving forward in your life. You will find new ways to see yourself and others, which leads to more meaningful relationships and a more fulfilling life.
(415) 787-3993 View (415) 787-3993
Photo of Daneicia Williams, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Daneicia Williams
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95825
I have 10 years' experience in the direct social service sector with an emphasis on geriatric services and adults with intellectual disabilities. These skills have assisted me in transitioning to become a clinician for the last few years. I have the privilege of helping people achieve a better quality of life by focusing on the strengths and contributions of all those we serve; from families to caregivers to community members. I am a firm believer that everyone should be treated with dignity and respect regardless of their background or situation.
I have 10 years' experience in the direct social service sector with an emphasis on geriatric services and adults with intellectual disabilities. These skills have assisted me in transitioning to become a clinician for the last few years. I have the privilege of helping people achieve a better quality of life by focusing on the strengths and contributions of all those we serve; from families to caregivers to community members. I am a firm believer that everyone should be treated with dignity and respect regardless of their background or situation.
(916) 963-9453 View (916) 963-9453
Photo of James Murakami, PhD, Psychologist
James Murakami
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94707
Hello, I have a passion for working collaboratively with adults, adolescents and children who may be experiencing distress or who simply seek greater fulfillment in life. I believe deeply in the importance of connection among individuals, families, communities, nature, and spirituality towards promoting resiliency and healing. I have worked extensively with young adults, children and adolescents who have suffered anxiety, depression, educational difficulty, trauma and loss.
Hello, I have a passion for working collaboratively with adults, adolescents and children who may be experiencing distress or who simply seek greater fulfillment in life. I believe deeply in the importance of connection among individuals, families, communities, nature, and spirituality towards promoting resiliency and healing. I have worked extensively with young adults, children and adolescents who have suffered anxiety, depression, educational difficulty, trauma and loss.
(510) 379-9069 View (510) 379-9069
Photo of Julie Hernandez, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Julie Hernandez
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95822
I am a licensed therapist with a Master of Social Work (MSW) degree from the University of New England. I work within a client-centered, trauma-informed, and strengths-based approach, specializing in cognitive behavioral therapy complemented by narrative, psychodynamic, and dialectical behavioral techniques. My therapeutic approach draws from various modalities, including Acceptance and Commitment (ACT), Cognitive Behavioral (CBT), Compassion Focused, Culturally Sensitive, Dialectical (DBT), Motivational Interviewing, Narrative, Psychodynamic, Solution Focused, Strength-Based, and Trauma Focused therapies.
I am a licensed therapist with a Master of Social Work (MSW) degree from the University of New England. I work within a client-centered, trauma-informed, and strengths-based approach, specializing in cognitive behavioral therapy complemented by narrative, psychodynamic, and dialectical behavioral techniques. My therapeutic approach draws from various modalities, including Acceptance and Commitment (ACT), Cognitive Behavioral (CBT), Compassion Focused, Culturally Sensitive, Dialectical (DBT), Motivational Interviewing, Narrative, Psychodynamic, Solution Focused, Strength-Based, and Trauma Focused therapies.
(805) 970-4428 View (805) 970-4428
Photo of Briana Schiff, MA, LMFT, PsyD, Marriage & Family Therapist
Briana Schiff
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, PsyD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Sacramento, CA 95825
Sun Tzu wrote, “In the midst of chaos, there is also opportunity”. My work is rooted in the belief that even in our darkest moments, there lies the potential for profound healing and connection. Using the transformative power of Emotionally Focused Therapy (EFT) and Internal Family Systems (IFS), I guide my individuals and couples on a journey to rediscover the bonds that nourish them and the strength that lies within. My ideal client is intrigued to dive into the pain that has been plaguing them for years. This client is interested in deep emotional work and looking for someone unafraid to accompany them into the darkness.
Sun Tzu wrote, “In the midst of chaos, there is also opportunity”. My work is rooted in the belief that even in our darkest moments, there lies the potential for profound healing and connection. Using the transformative power of Emotionally Focused Therapy (EFT) and Internal Family Systems (IFS), I guide my individuals and couples on a journey to rediscover the bonds that nourish them and the strength that lies within. My ideal client is intrigued to dive into the pain that has been plaguing them for years. This client is interested in deep emotional work and looking for someone unafraid to accompany them into the darkness.
(808) 215-6183 View (808) 215-6183
Photo of Lance Johns, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Lance Johns
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Antioch, CA 94509
Hi there, I'm Lance! Our behaviors have worked at some point in our lives, but they may now be obsolete. However, the deeply entrenched grooves of behavioral patterns have been established and we can't easily get out of them. And as we see through our behaviors, rather than looking at them, we are often so immersed in our lifestyle that we are unaware of its counterproductivity, we are self-deceived, unaware, unconscious. I believe the goal of therapy is to facilitate flexibility, adaptability, evolvability.
Hi there, I'm Lance! Our behaviors have worked at some point in our lives, but they may now be obsolete. However, the deeply entrenched grooves of behavioral patterns have been established and we can't easily get out of them. And as we see through our behaviors, rather than looking at them, we are often so immersed in our lifestyle that we are unaware of its counterproductivity, we are self-deceived, unaware, unconscious. I believe the goal of therapy is to facilitate flexibility, adaptability, evolvability.
(925) 430-7831 View (925) 430-7831

See more therapy options for Middletown

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Middletown, CA

< 10

Therapists in Middletown, CA who prioritize treating:

100% Relationship Issues
100% Depression
100% Anxiety
100% Spirituality
86% Grief
86% Parenting
86% Divorce

Average years in practice

25 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

67% Elevance
67% Carelon Behavioral Health
50% Aetna

How Therapists in Middletown, CA see their clients

86% In Person and Online
14% Online Only

Gender breakdown

100% Female
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Middletown?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.