Therapists in Arlington, MA

Photo of Amanda Brickley, Counselor in Arlington, MA
Amanda Brickley
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Arlington, MA 02476
Not accepting new clients
There are many reasons people seek out therapy. For some, it may be to find clarity, discover ways to ease anxiety, improve mood or functioning, or process challenging life experiences or trauma. Seeking help and support is the first courageous step towards a more empowered sense of self.
There are many reasons people seek out therapy. For some, it may be to find clarity, discover ways to ease anxiety, improve mood or functioning, or process challenging life experiences or trauma. Seeking help and support is the first courageous step towards a more empowered sense of self.
(781) 218-2377 View (781) 218-2377
Peter O'Connor
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Arlington, MA 02474  (Online Only)
Cognitive Therapy Training was received at the Center for Cognitive Therapy at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia. Specific areas of expertise are depression and anxiety disorders including phobias, agoraphobia and panic disorder. Present and past positions include: Academy of Cognitive Therapy - Founding Fellow; Clinical Director of the Cognitive-Behavior Therapy Unit, McLean Hospital; Harvard Medical School - Instructor; National Institute of health - Therapist, Cognitive Therapy for cocaine abuse research; Member of the Association for Behavior and Cognitive Therapies.
Cognitive Therapy Training was received at the Center for Cognitive Therapy at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia. Specific areas of expertise are depression and anxiety disorders including phobias, agoraphobia and panic disorder. Present and past positions include: Academy of Cognitive Therapy - Founding Fellow; Clinical Director of the Cognitive-Behavior Therapy Unit, McLean Hospital; Harvard Medical School - Instructor; National Institute of health - Therapist, Cognitive Therapy for cocaine abuse research; Member of the Association for Behavior and Cognitive Therapies.
(617) 506-9951 View (617) 506-9951
Photo of Alice Moses, Counselor in Arlington, MA
Alice Moses
Counselor, MA, LMHC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Arlington, MA 02476
Do you feel anxious, stressed, overwhelmed? Are you wondering how you fit into this complicated world in which we live? Do you wish you felt happier and more fulfilled with yourself or your life? Welcome, I'm glad you've taken this first step toward feeling better. As a biracial therapist, I have a unique--and personal--perspective on multicultural issues. I understand what it feels like to straddle two worlds, to not belong or question where you fit in, and to feel misunderstood or invisible. I support my clients by offering a safe, nonjudgmental space to talk about your struggles and find relief from suffering. You are not alone!
Do you feel anxious, stressed, overwhelmed? Are you wondering how you fit into this complicated world in which we live? Do you wish you felt happier and more fulfilled with yourself or your life? Welcome, I'm glad you've taken this first step toward feeling better. As a biracial therapist, I have a unique--and personal--perspective on multicultural issues. I understand what it feels like to straddle two worlds, to not belong or question where you fit in, and to feel misunderstood or invisible. I support my clients by offering a safe, nonjudgmental space to talk about your struggles and find relief from suffering. You are not alone!
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Photo of Renee Outland, Occupational Therapist in Arlington, MA
Renee Outland
Occupational Therapist, OTD, OTR/L
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Arlington, MA 02474  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
As a queer occupational therapist, I take a "build your own" approach to therapy that is rooted in compassion, curiosity, and a belief that our bodies are deeply connected to our sense of self and our experience of the world around us. Disruptions in those connections can lead to many painful experiences, so repairing the body-self relationship is often part of the work my clients and I do together. I use your specific experiences rather than labels to guide my approach, so in each session I draw from sources like IFS, bodywork practices, relational theories, and a range of experiential modalities to find the best fit I can for you.
As a queer occupational therapist, I take a "build your own" approach to therapy that is rooted in compassion, curiosity, and a belief that our bodies are deeply connected to our sense of self and our experience of the world around us. Disruptions in those connections can lead to many painful experiences, so repairing the body-self relationship is often part of the work my clients and I do together. I use your specific experiences rather than labels to guide my approach, so in each session I draw from sources like IFS, bodywork practices, relational theories, and a range of experiential modalities to find the best fit I can for you.
(617) 300-0559 View (617) 300-0559
Marlene H Kenney
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, MA
Verified Verified
Arlington, MA 02474
I enjoy working with adolescents, teenagers and adults who have trauma histories and traumatic loss. I believe that with every trauma comes opportunity for spiritual, emotional and relational growth. As a Social Worker and family systems therapist, I work with clients to address depression, anxiety, and trauma, from a wholistic and systemic perspective.
I enjoy working with adolescents, teenagers and adults who have trauma histories and traumatic loss. I believe that with every trauma comes opportunity for spiritual, emotional and relational growth. As a Social Worker and family systems therapist, I work with clients to address depression, anxiety, and trauma, from a wholistic and systemic perspective.
(781) 460-6860 View (781) 460-6860
Photo of Janet Zimmern, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Arlington, MA
Janet Zimmern
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Arlington, MA 02474
A safe, empathic therapeutic space for clients to make meaningful changes in their lives," "I help clients make meaningful and necessary changes for overall increased life satisfaction. I do this by providing a safe, non threatening and supportive setting for clients to "do their work" and create a therapeutic space where humor is allowed. If appropriate, a client's sense of their own spirituality is acknowledged and integrated as a resource of empowerment, to sort through feelings, thoughts and behaviors that either help or hinder them in achieving identified goals.
A safe, empathic therapeutic space for clients to make meaningful changes in their lives," "I help clients make meaningful and necessary changes for overall increased life satisfaction. I do this by providing a safe, non threatening and supportive setting for clients to "do their work" and create a therapeutic space where humor is allowed. If appropriate, a client's sense of their own spirituality is acknowledged and integrated as a resource of empowerment, to sort through feelings, thoughts and behaviors that either help or hinder them in achieving identified goals.
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Photo of Pardis Parsa, Counselor in Arlington, MA
Pardis Parsa
Counselor, MA, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Arlington, MA 02476  (Online Only)
I invite you to “get curious” about yourself and what has contributed to your current challenges. Curiosity is essential to finding meaning and connection with others and ourselves. I will work with you to open up to uncertainty and learn to coexist with your uncomfortable thoughts and feelings in order to strengthen your relationship with yourself and others. You are not a problem to be fixed; you are a whole, complex, and amazing person. I look forward to helping you to open up to your innate gifts.
I invite you to “get curious” about yourself and what has contributed to your current challenges. Curiosity is essential to finding meaning and connection with others and ourselves. I will work with you to open up to uncertainty and learn to coexist with your uncomfortable thoughts and feelings in order to strengthen your relationship with yourself and others. You are not a problem to be fixed; you are a whole, complex, and amazing person. I look forward to helping you to open up to your innate gifts.
(978) 490-1348 View (978) 490-1348
Photo of Boston Center for Couples and Sexuality in Arlington, MA
Boston Center for Couples and Sexuality
PhD
Verified Verified
Arlington, MA 02474
At Boston Center for Couples and Sexuality, we recognize that while all humans struggle with one issue or another, at one time or another, it can be difficult to seek help and support. Expectations that you might have of yourself or expectations that you think or KNOW others have of you can really weigh you down when life gets busy. Sometimes you know exactly what you need help with, and other times, things just don't feel right and you just aren't sure what kind of help you need. Our clinicians will listen, ask good questions, and look at problems with you to figure out how to get you back on the path where you want to be. We work with individuals and committed couples, as well as those practicing consensual non-monagamy. While communication skills and sexuality issues are a significant part of our clientele, we also work with many patients with depression, anxiety, or grief as their presenting complaint.
At Boston Center for Couples and Sexuality, we recognize that while all humans struggle with one issue or another, at one time or another, it can be difficult to seek help and support. Expectations that you might have of yourself or expectations that you think or KNOW others have of you can really weigh you down when life gets busy. Sometimes you know exactly what you need help with, and other times, things just don't feel right and you just aren't sure what kind of help you need. Our clinicians will listen, ask good questions, and look at problems with you to figure out how to get you back on the path where you want to be. We work with individuals and committed couples, as well as those practicing consensual non-monagamy. While communication skills and sexuality issues are a significant part of our clientele, we also work with many patients with depression, anxiety, or grief as their presenting complaint.
(781) 539-9219 View (781) 539-9219
Photo of Dr. Steven Isenberg, Psychologist in Arlington, MA
Dr. Steven Isenberg
Psychologist, EdD
Verified Verified
Arlington, MA 02474
I have worked for almost 40 years with married and unmarried couples who face challenges with intimacy, communication, power, trust, physical connection, collaboration, parenting, and life changes. Many of my clients face some current or unresolved past challenges that have robbed some of the joy, comfort, and closeness in the relationship. My clients often want to create or re-ignite satisfying interactions and greater closeness. Working through these challenges and re-building energetic, and loving connection within a very safe and non-judgmental environment is what I love to do.
I have worked for almost 40 years with married and unmarried couples who face challenges with intimacy, communication, power, trust, physical connection, collaboration, parenting, and life changes. Many of my clients face some current or unresolved past challenges that have robbed some of the joy, comfort, and closeness in the relationship. My clients often want to create or re-ignite satisfying interactions and greater closeness. Working through these challenges and re-building energetic, and loving connection within a very safe and non-judgmental environment is what I love to do.
(617) 299-8438 View (617) 299-8438
Photo of Sarahbean Falo, Counselor in Arlington, MA
Sarahbean Falo
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Arlington, MA 02476
Not accepting new clients
Are you navigating the pressures of parenthood? Is your child having big feelings and you’re not sure how to respond? Hello! I am Sarahbean Falo. I specialize in working with parents with young children, who are navigating the multidimensional challenges of caregiving and being in relationship with your child. I am here to help you and your child navigate the difficulties in your lives. Children and their mamas, parents, primary caregivers: All genders, colors, shapes and sizes welcome.
Are you navigating the pressures of parenthood? Is your child having big feelings and you’re not sure how to respond? Hello! I am Sarahbean Falo. I specialize in working with parents with young children, who are navigating the multidimensional challenges of caregiving and being in relationship with your child. I am here to help you and your child navigate the difficulties in your lives. Children and their mamas, parents, primary caregivers: All genders, colors, shapes and sizes welcome.
(857) 227-9507 View (857) 227-9507
Photo of Teri R. Freeman, Counselor in Arlington, MA
Teri R. Freeman
Counselor, MEd, LMHC
Verified Verified
Arlington, MA 02476
Not accepting new clients
I am engaged, focused,interactive,compassionate,direct, supportive, & value humor. In working with your awareness, I focus attention on ways to enhance the quality of your life through cognitive & behavioral changes as well as insight to change outmoded behaviors & patterns which may no longer serve you. Creating safety through good rapport & support of your feelings is paramount. I have trained extensively in trauma treatment hypnosis,mindfulness, somatic therapy, systems.With couples, I am passionate about helping you learn effective ways to listen well to each other, express yourselves & live fulfilling & intimate lives together.
I am engaged, focused,interactive,compassionate,direct, supportive, & value humor. In working with your awareness, I focus attention on ways to enhance the quality of your life through cognitive & behavioral changes as well as insight to change outmoded behaviors & patterns which may no longer serve you. Creating safety through good rapport & support of your feelings is paramount. I have trained extensively in trauma treatment hypnosis,mindfulness, somatic therapy, systems.With couples, I am passionate about helping you learn effective ways to listen well to each other, express yourselves & live fulfilling & intimate lives together.
(781) 369-5575 View (781) 369-5575
Photo of Kirsten Shih, Counselor in Arlington, MA
Kirsten Shih
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Arlington, MA 02476  (Online Only)
Kirsten is a licensed mental health counselor who is passionate about advocating for mental health and well-being. Their professional experiences primarily focus on working with college students and young adults. As a non-binary person and first-gen immigrant, Kirsten brings a deep understanding of the complexities of identity exploration and the unique challenges faced by folks through the lens of intersectionality. With a commitment to creating a safe and affirming space, Kirsten works with clients to embrace their authentic selves and navigate life's transitions with confidence and resilience.
Kirsten is a licensed mental health counselor who is passionate about advocating for mental health and well-being. Their professional experiences primarily focus on working with college students and young adults. As a non-binary person and first-gen immigrant, Kirsten brings a deep understanding of the complexities of identity exploration and the unique challenges faced by folks through the lens of intersectionality. With a commitment to creating a safe and affirming space, Kirsten works with clients to embrace their authentic selves and navigate life's transitions with confidence and resilience.
(339) 356-1518 View (339) 356-1518
Photo of Natalie Russ, Psychologist in Arlington, MA
Natalie Russ
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Arlington, MA 02476  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
I'm a licensed clinical psychologist offering psychotherapy and consultation to individuals 18+ within the state of Massachusetts.
I'm a licensed clinical psychologist offering psychotherapy and consultation to individuals 18+ within the state of Massachusetts.
(508) 219-6406 View (508) 219-6406
Photo of Meg Savin, Counselor in Arlington, MA
Meg Savin
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Arlington, MA 02476
In-person (Arlington) or telehealth sessions available! You may be experiencing challenges moving in a desired direction in your life or perhaps noticing patterns in your current behavior or relationships that you would like to change. I feel fortunate to work in a field where I witness healing change every day, and it is a privilege to hear your unique story. With experience working in a number of diverse settings including community mental health, offering group therapy, working with college counseling centers, as well as on a rape crisis hotline, I bring an active and warm approach to therapy.
In-person (Arlington) or telehealth sessions available! You may be experiencing challenges moving in a desired direction in your life or perhaps noticing patterns in your current behavior or relationships that you would like to change. I feel fortunate to work in a field where I witness healing change every day, and it is a privilege to hear your unique story. With experience working in a number of diverse settings including community mental health, offering group therapy, working with college counseling centers, as well as on a rape crisis hotline, I bring an active and warm approach to therapy.
(339) 209-2663 View (339) 209-2663
Photo of Kathryn G. Coletta, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Arlington, MA
Kathryn G. Coletta
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
Arlington, MA 02474  (Online Only)
These times are hard. The impact is felt by everyone, but even more so for people who struggle with other things as well. Perhaps you're looking to change your life, resolve a current situation, or manage a long-standing problem. Maybe you just need support. I’d like to talk with you about how I can help. I work with clients on anxiety, depression, relationships, illness and family issues. I work with adults of all ages. I assist my clients in uncovering and reaching their goals. In our collaborative work, I seek to provide a corrective relationship to address concerns and help clients feel better in their daily lives.
These times are hard. The impact is felt by everyone, but even more so for people who struggle with other things as well. Perhaps you're looking to change your life, resolve a current situation, or manage a long-standing problem. Maybe you just need support. I’d like to talk with you about how I can help. I work with clients on anxiety, depression, relationships, illness and family issues. I work with adults of all ages. I assist my clients in uncovering and reaching their goals. In our collaborative work, I seek to provide a corrective relationship to address concerns and help clients feel better in their daily lives.
(617) 446-3195 View (617) 446-3195
Photo of Dr. Pooja Saraff, Psychologist in Arlington, MA
Dr. Pooja Saraff
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Arlington, MA 02474
I am a psychologist with Cambridge Psychology Group with experience in treating adults and adolescents for a range of issues including adjustment to life stressors, relationship issues, other problems in daily living and more serious clinical problems such as disorders related to mood, anxiety, trauma, and personality. I have advanced training in evidence-based approaches including exposure and response prevention (ERP) for anxiety and OCD-related disorders, cognitive processing therapy (CPT) for trauma, and dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) for treating emotion dysregulation, and self-destructive and life-threatening behaviors.
I am a psychologist with Cambridge Psychology Group with experience in treating adults and adolescents for a range of issues including adjustment to life stressors, relationship issues, other problems in daily living and more serious clinical problems such as disorders related to mood, anxiety, trauma, and personality. I have advanced training in evidence-based approaches including exposure and response prevention (ERP) for anxiety and OCD-related disorders, cognitive processing therapy (CPT) for trauma, and dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) for treating emotion dysregulation, and self-destructive and life-threatening behaviors.
(617) 977-4940 View (617) 977-4940
Photo of Actualize Counseling & Nutrition, Pre-Licensed Professional in Arlington, MA
Actualize Counseling & Nutrition
Pre-Licensed Professional, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Arlington, MA 02476  (Online Only)
I specialize in working with adolescent and young adult in the area of anxiety, eating disorders and gender/sexuality. My clients are able to change behaviors such as avoiding, restricting, ruminating, indulging, escaping into effective coping strategies. As confidence and motivation increases, I have seen my clients develop an authentic version of themselves by gaining insight into their thoughts and behaviors, building awareness around their relationships with others and challenging unhelpful coping behaviors.
I specialize in working with adolescent and young adult in the area of anxiety, eating disorders and gender/sexuality. My clients are able to change behaviors such as avoiding, restricting, ruminating, indulging, escaping into effective coping strategies. As confidence and motivation increases, I have seen my clients develop an authentic version of themselves by gaining insight into their thoughts and behaviors, building awareness around their relationships with others and challenging unhelpful coping behaviors.
(857) 847-3526 View (857) 847-3526
Photo of Alessandra Muccio, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Arlington, MA
Alessandra Muccio, LCSW
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Not Verified Not Verified
Arlington, MA 02476  (Online Only)
You have been trying to get to a place where you can be authentically you. But currently, trauma is getting in the way. Whether that’s trauma from hurtful relationships or trauma from dealing with the daily impact of oppression. In order to be authentically you, you realize you’ll have to heal - heal from the past, heal from the present, and heal within the systems that harm you every day.
You have been trying to get to a place where you can be authentically you. But currently, trauma is getting in the way. Whether that’s trauma from hurtful relationships or trauma from dealing with the daily impact of oppression. In order to be authentically you, you realize you’ll have to heal - heal from the past, heal from the present, and heal within the systems that harm you every day.
(339) 201-3288 View (339) 201-3288
Photo of Chelsea Levy, Psychologist in Arlington, MA
Chelsea Levy
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Arlington, MA 02474
I am a licensed psychologist providing adult psychotherapy, couples therapy, sex therapy and family therapy. I approach therapy from a relational perspective, and enjoy working collaboratively with clients and their strengths to create change. I am particularly interested in working with clients around family of origin issues, relationship issues, trauma, sexual relationships and sexuality. I work with couples on communication, strengthening relational dynamics and sexual or intimacy concerns. I also work as a sex therapist and am open to working whether you come as a couple or as an individual.
I am a licensed psychologist providing adult psychotherapy, couples therapy, sex therapy and family therapy. I approach therapy from a relational perspective, and enjoy working collaboratively with clients and their strengths to create change. I am particularly interested in working with clients around family of origin issues, relationship issues, trauma, sexual relationships and sexuality. I work with couples on communication, strengthening relational dynamics and sexual or intimacy concerns. I also work as a sex therapist and am open to working whether you come as a couple or as an individual.
(781) 350-9375 View (781) 350-9375
Photo of Michael L Reison, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Arlington, MA
Michael L Reison
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PhD, LICSW
Verified Verified
Arlington, MA 02474  (Online Only)
I see patients searching for meaning and fulfillment in their lives, or wrestling with existential issues of loneliness, a sense of loss or mild to profound disconnection. Sometimes this coincides with anxiety, depression, trauma, difficulty relating to others, or a lack of comfort living in their own body.
I see patients searching for meaning and fulfillment in their lives, or wrestling with existential issues of loneliness, a sense of loss or mild to profound disconnection. Sometimes this coincides with anxiety, depression, trauma, difficulty relating to others, or a lack of comfort living in their own body.
(781) 534-9988 View (781) 534-9988

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Arlington, MA

400+

Average cost per session

$175

Therapists in Arlington, MA who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
87% Depression
79% Relationship Issues
75% Self Esteem
67% Coping Skills
65% Trauma and PTSD
64% Stress

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

83% BlueCross and BlueShield
51% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
50% Optum

How Therapists in Arlington, MA see their clients

68% In Person and Online
32% Online Only

Gender breakdown

83% Female
16% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Arlington?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.