Therapists in West Somerville, MA

Photo of Rivkah Lapidus, PhD, LMHC, CGP, Counselor
Rivkah Lapidus
Counselor, PhD, LMHC, CGP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
West Somerville, MA 02144  (Online Only)
I have been worked in various capacities in the behavioral health and substance use fields since the mid 1980s, and have been in private practice for over 20 of those years. I bring a humanistic, dynamic perspective to a field overrun by the medical model. You are more than a diagnosis! I work with creative people, perfectionists, harsh self-critics and life stage concerns, ; with singles, couples & groups. I have expertise in helping people recognize problematic substance use, with Harm Reduction as a philosophical approach. .
I have been worked in various capacities in the behavioral health and substance use fields since the mid 1980s, and have been in private practice for over 20 of those years. I bring a humanistic, dynamic perspective to a field overrun by the medical model. You are more than a diagnosis! I work with creative people, perfectionists, harsh self-critics and life stage concerns, ; with singles, couples & groups. I have expertise in helping people recognize problematic substance use, with Harm Reduction as a philosophical approach. .
(617) 612-5619 View (617) 612-5619
Photo of Miriam Zisook, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Miriam Zisook
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
West Somerville, MA 02144
Hello! I primarily work with neurodivergent, disabled, fat, queer and trans folks. A lot of people in these groups arrive to therapy feeling like there is something wrong with how they think or feel or experience the world. I work to help people to understand and accept how their brains and bodies work and figure out what they need to thrive and how to go towards that. I do my best to bring my full intellect, heart, and spirit to sessions, knowing that it matters that you can feel your therapist caring about you. I am often a good fit for clients who like their therapist to be active, collaborative and problem-solving oriented.
Hello! I primarily work with neurodivergent, disabled, fat, queer and trans folks. A lot of people in these groups arrive to therapy feeling like there is something wrong with how they think or feel or experience the world. I work to help people to understand and accept how their brains and bodies work and figure out what they need to thrive and how to go towards that. I do my best to bring my full intellect, heart, and spirit to sessions, knowing that it matters that you can feel your therapist caring about you. I am often a good fit for clients who like their therapist to be active, collaborative and problem-solving oriented.
(508) 501-0518 View (508) 501-0518
Photo of Beth Kiuru, LMHC, MTBC, Counselor
Beth Kiuru
Counselor, LMHC, MTBC
Verified Verified
West Somerville, MA 02144
Waitlist for new clients
On your self-discovery journey, are you hoping to find balance, reduce stress or panic, feel supported in your relationships, practice positive self-talk, discover tools that really work for you, and/ or reduce negative thought patterns? These are just a few examples of how therapy may be able to help. Together, we can work together to create a plan for your overall mental and emotional health and wellbeing. Thank you for being here and being you!
On your self-discovery journey, are you hoping to find balance, reduce stress or panic, feel supported in your relationships, practice positive self-talk, discover tools that really work for you, and/ or reduce negative thought patterns? These are just a few examples of how therapy may be able to help. Together, we can work together to create a plan for your overall mental and emotional health and wellbeing. Thank you for being here and being you!
(508) 978-5754 View (508) 978-5754

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Joseph Spinazzola: Complex Trauma Treatment Center, PhD, Psychologist
Joseph Spinazzola: Complex Trauma Treatment Center
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Melrose, MA 02176
Waitlist for new clients
In my 30+ years of experience as a therapist, clinical supervisor, researcher, educator and writer on complex trauma, I have come to believe that we are shaped as much by the good things that went missing from our lives as the bad things that happened to us. My clients have often endured severe abuse, neglect, oppression, and other forms of life adversity. They have learned to cope and survive in ways that get misunderstood and misdiagnosed, and that can cause profound stigma, shame and social rejection. Their courage and resilience inspires awe. Finding a therapist who can see and accept all parts of them is one key to recovery.
In my 30+ years of experience as a therapist, clinical supervisor, researcher, educator and writer on complex trauma, I have come to believe that we are shaped as much by the good things that went missing from our lives as the bad things that happened to us. My clients have often endured severe abuse, neglect, oppression, and other forms of life adversity. They have learned to cope and survive in ways that get misunderstood and misdiagnosed, and that can cause profound stigma, shame and social rejection. Their courage and resilience inspires awe. Finding a therapist who can see and accept all parts of them is one key to recovery.
(339) 293-0698 View (339) 293-0698
Photo of Barbara K Van Zoeren - Barbara Van Zoeren LICSW, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Barbara Van Zoeren LICSW
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Arlington, MA 02474
My direct and respectful approach is the most prominent and helpful aspect of my work. I provide an environment of warmth and trust, so you can feel free to discuss any problem. I take an active and engaged role and when needed, I will also teach concrete skills of managing difficult personal situations or painful emotions. I think of myself as coach, teacher and mentor to help each client find a way of living that is right for them. I have an eclectic approach but my specialties are in mindfulness and attachment and trauma informed work.
My direct and respectful approach is the most prominent and helpful aspect of my work. I provide an environment of warmth and trust, so you can feel free to discuss any problem. I take an active and engaged role and when needed, I will also teach concrete skills of managing difficult personal situations or painful emotions. I think of myself as coach, teacher and mentor to help each client find a way of living that is right for them. I have an eclectic approach but my specialties are in mindfulness and attachment and trauma informed work.
(339) 330-4521 View (339) 330-4521
Photo of Dr. Chiara S. Haller, PhD, LP, MAS, Psychologist
Dr. Chiara S. Haller
Psychologist, PhD, LP, MAS
Verified Verified
Cambridge, MA 02140
High functioning? Neurodiverse? Going through life transitions? Exhausted pretending to be someone you are not? Depressed? Anxious? Super successful but unhappy? Feeling you don't quite fit in? I can help you find your footing, become the best version of yourself and be happier. Reach out to schedule free clinical neuropsychology and psychotherapy pre-intake phone calls admin at cognicreate.com or +16179020567.
High functioning? Neurodiverse? Going through life transitions? Exhausted pretending to be someone you are not? Depressed? Anxious? Super successful but unhappy? Feeling you don't quite fit in? I can help you find your footing, become the best version of yourself and be happier. Reach out to schedule free clinical neuropsychology and psychotherapy pre-intake phone calls admin at cognicreate.com or +16179020567.
(508) 690-4622 View (508) 690-4622
Photo of Teresa Maguire, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Teresa Maguire
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02114
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) in both New York and Massachusetts with 25 years of experience as a psychotherapist treating individuals, groups, and families coping with behavioral health issues. I completed my Bachelor of Arts (BA) at Marist College and my Master of Social Work (MSW) at Adelphi University.
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) in both New York and Massachusetts with 25 years of experience as a psychotherapist treating individuals, groups, and families coping with behavioral health issues. I completed my Bachelor of Arts (BA) at Marist College and my Master of Social Work (MSW) at Adelphi University.
(617) 826-8145 View (617) 826-8145
Photo of Jaclin Gerstel-Friedman, PhD, MA, Psychologist
Jaclin Gerstel-Friedman
Psychologist, PhD, MA
Verified Verified
Natick, MA 01760  (Online Only)
There is a crack in everything. That's how the light gets in. - Leonard Cohen.
There is a crack in everything. That's how the light gets in. - Leonard Cohen.
(978) 357-8840 View (978) 357-8840
Photo of Henry Anne Velysia, MA, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Henry Anne Velysia
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MA, LICSW
Verified Verified
Lexington, MA 02420
My ideal client is an individual facing challenges such as life transitions, stress, anxiety, or depression, who seeks guidance and support in navigating their emotions and relationships. They may be grappling with self-esteem or identity issues and are motivated to better understand their needs and feelings. Their goals include building resilience, enhancing mental well-being, fostering healthy connections with others, and finding a sense of purpose and fulfillment in life. They are open to have their believes be challenged, self-help, self-reflection, and are committed to personal growth in order to develop.
My ideal client is an individual facing challenges such as life transitions, stress, anxiety, or depression, who seeks guidance and support in navigating their emotions and relationships. They may be grappling with self-esteem or identity issues and are motivated to better understand their needs and feelings. Their goals include building resilience, enhancing mental well-being, fostering healthy connections with others, and finding a sense of purpose and fulfillment in life. They are open to have their believes be challenged, self-help, self-reflection, and are committed to personal growth in order to develop.
(339) 331-5203 View (339) 331-5203
Photo of Heather Shannon | Certified Sex Therapist, LCPC, CST
Heather Shannon | Certified Sex Therapist
Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, LCPC, CST
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Weston, MA 02493
Has sex started to feel like a chore or a stressor rather than something that connects you? Maybe you've tried talking about it and have even gone to individual or couples counseling, but it hasn't really moved the needle. That's where I come in! I will listen to you, but I will also challenge you to make real changes and get out of your comfort zone. My gift is putting people at ease talking about a sensitive subject. I'll guide you on how to approach your sex and intimacy so that you get unstuck and back to feeling close and passionate. I specialize in helping committed couples get their sexy spark back through my Pathway to Pass.
Has sex started to feel like a chore or a stressor rather than something that connects you? Maybe you've tried talking about it and have even gone to individual or couples counseling, but it hasn't really moved the needle. That's where I come in! I will listen to you, but I will also challenge you to make real changes and get out of your comfort zone. My gift is putting people at ease talking about a sensitive subject. I'll guide you on how to approach your sex and intimacy so that you get unstuck and back to feeling close and passionate. I specialize in helping committed couples get their sexy spark back through my Pathway to Pass.
(240) 563-9912 View (240) 563-9912
Photo of Kathleen R Burke, PhD, RN, CS, Psychologist
Kathleen R Burke
Psychologist, PhD, RN, CS
Verified Verified
Lexington, MA 02420
My clinical work is integrative with the goal of helping an individual, couple, or family become more whole. My clients are diverse; I thoroughly enjoy working with the full age range, from high-energy little ones to quietly reflective older folks. Together we create a space where we can collaborate with curiosity and creative mindfulness, a space where the work of psychotherapy enables clients to tap their strengths and develop psychologically. My ideal clients are receptive to change and courageous.
My clinical work is integrative with the goal of helping an individual, couple, or family become more whole. My clients are diverse; I thoroughly enjoy working with the full age range, from high-energy little ones to quietly reflective older folks. Together we create a space where we can collaborate with curiosity and creative mindfulness, a space where the work of psychotherapy enables clients to tap their strengths and develop psychologically. My ideal clients are receptive to change and courageous.
(781) 428-9051 View (781) 428-9051
Photo of Utsavi Bhimani, COUNUSU, Pre-Licensed Professional
Utsavi Bhimani
Pre-Licensed Professional, COUNUSU
Verified Verified
Framingham, MA 01701
I am a Resident Licensed Mental Health Counselor with 6 years of experience. My multicultural background and diverse training allow me to support clients struggling with stress, anxiety, mood disorders, ADHD, ASD, positive parenting, as well as challenges in relationships, school, and careers. I have a strong foundation in clinical psychology, neuropsychology, and applied behavior analysis, which equips me to address a wide range of mental health concerns with a personalized and evidence-based approach.
I am a Resident Licensed Mental Health Counselor with 6 years of experience. My multicultural background and diverse training allow me to support clients struggling with stress, anxiety, mood disorders, ADHD, ASD, positive parenting, as well as challenges in relationships, school, and careers. I have a strong foundation in clinical psychology, neuropsychology, and applied behavior analysis, which equips me to address a wide range of mental health concerns with a personalized and evidence-based approach.
(339) 244-7023 View (339) 244-7023
Photo of Rachel Marston, LICSW, SEP, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Rachel Marston
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, SEP
Verified Verified
Somerville, MA 02144  (Online Only)
With empathy, deep listening and grounded humor, I help many people to overcome the difficulties they face. I begin with profound respect for how people have learned to cope. I work with people to continue their healing path in a way that makes sense for them by pulling on my understanding of Somatic Experiencing, trauma, psychodynamic, spirituality and play therapy frameworks. We will work together to understand the roots of your difficulties and your strengths, so we can know how to release you from what blocks you.
With empathy, deep listening and grounded humor, I help many people to overcome the difficulties they face. I begin with profound respect for how people have learned to cope. I work with people to continue their healing path in a way that makes sense for them by pulling on my understanding of Somatic Experiencing, trauma, psychodynamic, spirituality and play therapy frameworks. We will work together to understand the roots of your difficulties and your strengths, so we can know how to release you from what blocks you.
(413) 314-3819 View (413) 314-3819
Photo of Daniel Menely, LMHC, Counselor
Daniel Menely
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Cambridge, MA 02138
As your therapist, I provide a warm and supportive space where you can talk freely without being judged. I won't just sit there – instead, I'll ask questions, offer suggestions, and reflect on what you share. Together, we'll work on dealing with the things that are bothering you in your everyday life, be it challenges with relationships, work, or family. Whether our work is one-on-one, with you two as a couple, my clients gain valuable insights and practical tools to get unstuck and move forward. Imagine leaving each session feeling understood, empowered, and equipped to navigate life with confidence.
As your therapist, I provide a warm and supportive space where you can talk freely without being judged. I won't just sit there – instead, I'll ask questions, offer suggestions, and reflect on what you share. Together, we'll work on dealing with the things that are bothering you in your everyday life, be it challenges with relationships, work, or family. Whether our work is one-on-one, with you two as a couple, my clients gain valuable insights and practical tools to get unstuck and move forward. Imagine leaving each session feeling understood, empowered, and equipped to navigate life with confidence.
(978) 763-4068 View (978) 763-4068
Photo of Stacy R Ross - Ross & Associates,LLC, LICSW , Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Ross & Associates,LLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Newton, MA 02466  (Online Only)
At Ross & Associates, we are a dedicated group practice specializing in Obsessive Compulsive Disorders (OCD), Anxiety Disorders, Phobias, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), and Body Focused Repetitive Behaviors (BFRB), including Trichotillomania (hair pulling) and Dermatillomania (skin picking). Our highly trained clinicians bring evidence-based treatment infused with empathy and humor, creating a supportive and effective environment for our clients.
At Ross & Associates, we are a dedicated group practice specializing in Obsessive Compulsive Disorders (OCD), Anxiety Disorders, Phobias, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), and Body Focused Repetitive Behaviors (BFRB), including Trichotillomania (hair pulling) and Dermatillomania (skin picking). Our highly trained clinicians bring evidence-based treatment infused with empathy and humor, creating a supportive and effective environment for our clients.
(781) 291-4355 View (781) 291-4355
Photo of Aly Strzalka - Arpeggio Therapy, LLC, LICSW, MT-BC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Arpeggio Therapy, LLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, MT-BC
Verified Verified
Newton, MA 02459
Arpeggio Therapy offers combined music therapy and psychotherapy sessions in a private office practice. Aly Strzalka is a Licensed Independent Clinical Social Worker (LICSW) and Board Certified Music Therapist (MT-BC). She has 8 years of clinical experience treating clients in both inpatient and outpatient settings. Her approach incorporates Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Music Therapy to address anxiety, low mood, body image, and trauma. Arpeggio Therapy is conveniently located in Newton Center, MA.
Arpeggio Therapy offers combined music therapy and psychotherapy sessions in a private office practice. Aly Strzalka is a Licensed Independent Clinical Social Worker (LICSW) and Board Certified Music Therapist (MT-BC). She has 8 years of clinical experience treating clients in both inpatient and outpatient settings. Her approach incorporates Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Music Therapy to address anxiety, low mood, body image, and trauma. Arpeggio Therapy is conveniently located in Newton Center, MA.
(617) 564-3278 View (617) 564-3278
Photo of Larry Mynatt - Discovery Learning Associates, MEd, RCTC, COFT, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Discovery Learning Associates
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MEd, RCTC, COFT
Verified Verified
Cambridge, MA 02139
Utilizing EEG biofeedback (neurofeedback), therapeutic music and hypnosis, we have a creative approach to individualize a treatment plan for every client. Our practice consists of both children and adults. Primarily the children come to work on ADD/ADHD or autistic spectrum disorders. The adults come for an array of issues: anxiety, depression, migraines, chronic pain and sleep problems. In addition, we work with clients for peak performance, i.e., eradicating barriers from even higher executive, academic, athletic or artistic excellence.
Utilizing EEG biofeedback (neurofeedback), therapeutic music and hypnosis, we have a creative approach to individualize a treatment plan for every client. Our practice consists of both children and adults. Primarily the children come to work on ADD/ADHD or autistic spectrum disorders. The adults come for an array of issues: anxiety, depression, migraines, chronic pain and sleep problems. In addition, we work with clients for peak performance, i.e., eradicating barriers from even higher executive, academic, athletic or artistic excellence.
(617) 612-5037 View (617) 612-5037
Photo of Raphael Apter, LMHC, Counselor
Raphael Apter
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Allston, MA 02134  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
How do we remain hopeful with so much uncertainty, inequality, and suffering in the world? How do we take care of ourselves while also supporting others? How do we practice compassion? How do we accept those parts of ourselves (and of others) that are so often judged by our society? These are some of the kinds of questions I often pose to clients as we explore how our individually-lived experiences, coupled with larger historic and systemic trends, often influence the ways we understand and feel about our lives. My work with clients is rooted in a greater commitment to social justice issues.
How do we remain hopeful with so much uncertainty, inequality, and suffering in the world? How do we take care of ourselves while also supporting others? How do we practice compassion? How do we accept those parts of ourselves (and of others) that are so often judged by our society? These are some of the kinds of questions I often pose to clients as we explore how our individually-lived experiences, coupled with larger historic and systemic trends, often influence the ways we understand and feel about our lives. My work with clients is rooted in a greater commitment to social justice issues.
(857) 382-4515 View (857) 382-4515
Photo of Arielle Speer, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Arielle Speer
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Belmont, MA 02478
I enjoy open, honest, and straightforward people who are ready to dig into what is important to them. I am also comfortable being there to walk beside them as they explore complex experiences and feelings to better understand the life changes that would be most helpful for them. I especially enjoy working with people who want to find ways to better cope through nervous system regulation or helping people manage OCD and anxiety through exposure work. I have specialized training in CBT ERP exposures, which is an industry gold standard treatment for OCD, anxiety, and panic.
I enjoy open, honest, and straightforward people who are ready to dig into what is important to them. I am also comfortable being there to walk beside them as they explore complex experiences and feelings to better understand the life changes that would be most helpful for them. I especially enjoy working with people who want to find ways to better cope through nervous system regulation or helping people manage OCD and anxiety through exposure work. I have specialized training in CBT ERP exposures, which is an industry gold standard treatment for OCD, anxiety, and panic.
(856) 375-8264 View (856) 375-8264
Photo of Ari Melech Israel, MA, LMHC, Counselor
Ari Melech Israel
Counselor, MA, LMHC
Verified Verified
Medford, MA 02155  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
I specialize in working with clients experiencing trauma, anxiety, depression, and neurodivergence. My belief is that it is critical to examine the structures and dynamics that we both exist within and from which we often experience marginalization. I both have experience in and am greatly passionate about working with LGBTQIA+ clients, clients from racial/ethnic minority backgrounds, and clients on the autism spectrum. I believe that an understanding of the way we navigate the world is integral to better understanding ourselves.
I specialize in working with clients experiencing trauma, anxiety, depression, and neurodivergence. My belief is that it is critical to examine the structures and dynamics that we both exist within and from which we often experience marginalization. I both have experience in and am greatly passionate about working with LGBTQIA+ clients, clients from racial/ethnic minority backgrounds, and clients on the autism spectrum. I believe that an understanding of the way we navigate the world is integral to better understanding ourselves.
(339) 217-7937 View (339) 217-7937

See more therapy options for West Somerville

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in West Somerville, MA

< 10

Therapists in West Somerville, MA who prioritize treating:

67% Relationship Issues
67% Depression
67% Anxiety
67% ADHD
67% Obsessive-Compulsive (OCD)
67% School Issues
67% Family Conflict

Average years in practice

24 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

100% BlueCross and BlueShield
50% Aetna
50% Optum

How Therapists in West Somerville, MA see their clients

67% In Person and Online
33% Online Only

Gender breakdown

100% Female
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in West Somerville?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.