Therapists in Bend, OR

Photo of Chris Madigan, Professional Counselor Associate in Bend, OR
Chris Madigan
Professional Counselor Associate
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Bend, OR 97703
Now taking new clients! I approach counseling much like Sam helps Frodo in Lord of the Rings, I will follow you and help you with your burden for as long as you need me, still knowing it's your journey and burden to bear. I thoroughly enjoy working with clients that are experiencing existential dread or feel like they are searching for some sort of meaning in life. This could include but is not limited to: feeling anxious, guilty, or depressed without knowing why, a loss of interest in your hobbies and relationships, and/or questioning your goals, ideals and values.
Now taking new clients! I approach counseling much like Sam helps Frodo in Lord of the Rings, I will follow you and help you with your burden for as long as you need me, still knowing it's your journey and burden to bear. I thoroughly enjoy working with clients that are experiencing existential dread or feel like they are searching for some sort of meaning in life. This could include but is not limited to: feeling anxious, guilty, or depressed without knowing why, a loss of interest in your hobbies and relationships, and/or questioning your goals, ideals and values.
(458) 217-5153 View (458) 217-5153
Photo of Sabrina Hadeed, Licensed Professional Counselor in Bend, OR
Sabrina Hadeed
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LMHC, LPC, ACS
Verified Verified
Bend, OR 97701
I don't accept insurance. Offering both traditional and Ketamine-assisted psychotherapy. Sabrina is licensed as a clinical therapist in both Oregon and Washington. She has her PhD in Counseling with a Major in Counselor Education/Supervision from Oregon State University. 20 years of experience working with individuals, family system and couples/parents. In addition to her clinical counseling work, Dr. Hadeed has taught in numerous universities and currently teaches as an Adjunct Professor for Montana State University’s online graduate addiction counseling program - where she has been a contributing instructor for the past 6 years.
I don't accept insurance. Offering both traditional and Ketamine-assisted psychotherapy. Sabrina is licensed as a clinical therapist in both Oregon and Washington. She has her PhD in Counseling with a Major in Counselor Education/Supervision from Oregon State University. 20 years of experience working with individuals, family system and couples/parents. In addition to her clinical counseling work, Dr. Hadeed has taught in numerous universities and currently teaches as an Adjunct Professor for Montana State University’s online graduate addiction counseling program - where she has been a contributing instructor for the past 6 years.
(509) 587-1677 View (509) 587-1677
Photo of Pamela Gillet, Licensed Professional Counselor in Bend, OR
Pamela Gillet
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MAAT, MA
Not Verified Not Verified
Bend, OR 97702
Calling for help can be intimidating. Hopefully I can make your first contact a safe experience. Our initial session is geared to getting to know each other, to hear your story, what prompted you to seek therapy, and talk about your goals. By the end of this session we should have a good idea if we will work well together. If not, I will be happy to give you referrals. Psychotherapy is the intentional process of seeking change, a move towards healing. It is to that end that we can work together to achieve your goals as I offer my experience and training.
Calling for help can be intimidating. Hopefully I can make your first contact a safe experience. Our initial session is geared to getting to know each other, to hear your story, what prompted you to seek therapy, and talk about your goals. By the end of this session we should have a good idea if we will work well together. If not, I will be happy to give you referrals. Psychotherapy is the intentional process of seeking change, a move towards healing. It is to that end that we can work together to achieve your goals as I offer my experience and training.
(541) 210-5547 View (541) 210-5547
Photo of Rena Pazienza, Psychologist in Bend, OR
Rena Pazienza
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Bend, OR 97701  (Online Only)
Hi and welcome! I provide empathic, affirming, and strengths-based therapy for individuals and couples (ages 18+). My approach is integrative, collaborative, and tailored to fit your individual needs. I specialize in treating depression, trauma and PTSD, and grief, as well as working with general mental health concerns. I provide evidence-based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Cognitive Processing Therapy (CPT) for trauma and Gottman Method Couples Therapy.
Hi and welcome! I provide empathic, affirming, and strengths-based therapy for individuals and couples (ages 18+). My approach is integrative, collaborative, and tailored to fit your individual needs. I specialize in treating depression, trauma and PTSD, and grief, as well as working with general mental health concerns. I provide evidence-based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Cognitive Processing Therapy (CPT) for trauma and Gottman Method Couples Therapy.
(458) 236-5415 x1 View (458) 236-5415 x1
Photo of Ruth E Williamson in Bend, OR
Ruth E Williamson
PCC, CDWF, CDTLF
Verified Verified
Bend, OR 97702
My work as a leadership and life coach is to support your unique journey. If you're feeling stalled out at work; if you're seeking to rekindle passion and purpose, a coaching conversation can be transformative. We'll identify aspirational goals and create a realistic plan for change, with milestones to mark progress. I draw upon the research of Dr. Brené Brown and I am a trained teacher of the Mindfulness and Self-Compassion curricula of Dr. Kristin Neff and Dr. Chris Germer. I offer the IEQ9 Enneagram Personality Assessment as a starting point for inquiry. The coaching conversation can bring you back to life. Let's begin.
My work as a leadership and life coach is to support your unique journey. If you're feeling stalled out at work; if you're seeking to rekindle passion and purpose, a coaching conversation can be transformative. We'll identify aspirational goals and create a realistic plan for change, with milestones to mark progress. I draw upon the research of Dr. Brené Brown and I am a trained teacher of the Mindfulness and Self-Compassion curricula of Dr. Kristin Neff and Dr. Chris Germer. I offer the IEQ9 Enneagram Personality Assessment as a starting point for inquiry. The coaching conversation can bring you back to life. Let's begin.
(541) 833-9081 View (541) 833-9081
Photo of Liza Hadden, Professional Counselor Associate in Bend, OR
Liza Hadden
Professional Counselor Associate, MS
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Bend, OR 97702  (Online Only)
In individual therapy, I specialize in women's health and work with anxiety, grief, life transitions, the unique presentations of ADHD in women, relationship challenges, CPTSD, PTSD, depression, and reproductive themes. In couples therapy, I specialize in navigating major life transitions, communication challenges, healing from trauma and intimacy issues. In family therapy, I specialize in major life transitions, grief, relationship and communication challenges and healing from intergenerational trauma. Our work together will focus on your specific needs and whatever is bringing you to therapy at this time. Questions always welcome!
In individual therapy, I specialize in women's health and work with anxiety, grief, life transitions, the unique presentations of ADHD in women, relationship challenges, CPTSD, PTSD, depression, and reproductive themes. In couples therapy, I specialize in navigating major life transitions, communication challenges, healing from trauma and intimacy issues. In family therapy, I specialize in major life transitions, grief, relationship and communication challenges and healing from intergenerational trauma. Our work together will focus on your specific needs and whatever is bringing you to therapy at this time. Questions always welcome!
(458) 230-5584 View (458) 230-5584
Photo of Robin Hanseth, Licensed Professional Counselor in Bend, OR
Robin Hanseth
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Bend, OR 97703
Do you struggle with anxiety, low self-esteem or have a history of traumatic experiences? I can help. I am currently seeing all clients via telehealth and am accepting referrals! I provide individual counseling to adolescents (16+), college students, and adults.
Do you struggle with anxiety, low self-esteem or have a history of traumatic experiences? I can help. I am currently seeing all clients via telehealth and am accepting referrals! I provide individual counseling to adolescents (16+), college students, and adults.
(458) 217-1614 View (458) 217-1614
Photo of Hillary Hurst, Licensed Professional Counselor in Bend, OR
Hillary Hurst
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, LMFT
Verified Verified
Bend, OR 97702
I’ve been in the therapeutic healing world for over 40 years, and I understand a few things: Everyone has the power to heal themselves. Most of our mental/physical/emotional/spiritual disturbances are a result of unresolved grief/trauma. 3. Embracing both Light and Shadow within and without creates a full spectrum for life. 4. A creative process in therapy works for me and my clients. 5. Tears and laughter are both necessary to heal. I have the appropriate credentials for holding space. I am, first and foremost, an artist which provides a different portal for entering the therapeutic alliance. Therapy is a journey.
I’ve been in the therapeutic healing world for over 40 years, and I understand a few things: Everyone has the power to heal themselves. Most of our mental/physical/emotional/spiritual disturbances are a result of unresolved grief/trauma. 3. Embracing both Light and Shadow within and without creates a full spectrum for life. 4. A creative process in therapy works for me and my clients. 5. Tears and laughter are both necessary to heal. I have the appropriate credentials for holding space. I am, first and foremost, an artist which provides a different portal for entering the therapeutic alliance. Therapy is a journey.
(458) 203-6513 View (458) 203-6513
Photo of Dr. David A Hart - Serenity & Strength LLC in Bend, OR
Dr. David A Hart - Serenity & Strength LLC
MD
Verified Verified
Bend, OR 97702  (Online Only)
Serenity & Strength LLC is a 100% online mental health service treating adults anywhere in Oregon. My therapeutic approach is active and uses research-proven treatments when possible. This is effective for motivated individuals and helps establish long-term stable results. As a psychiatrist, I prescribe medications when appropriate, but do not emphasize the use of medications in my practice. Please note, I do not prescribe controlled substances (e.g. benzodiazepine sedatives, stimulant medication, opioid pain medications).
Serenity & Strength LLC is a 100% online mental health service treating adults anywhere in Oregon. My therapeutic approach is active and uses research-proven treatments when possible. This is effective for motivated individuals and helps establish long-term stable results. As a psychiatrist, I prescribe medications when appropriate, but do not emphasize the use of medications in my practice. Please note, I do not prescribe controlled substances (e.g. benzodiazepine sedatives, stimulant medication, opioid pain medications).
(458) 219-8660 View (458) 219-8660
Photo of Lisa Dunning, Marriage & Family Therapist in Bend, OR
Lisa Dunning
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFTA
Verified Verified
Bend, OR 97701
Waitlist for new clients
I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist in Oregon. I specialize in working with children, teens, young adults, couples, and families. I work with individuals experiencing anxiety, depression, life changes, grief, loss, anger, trauma, ADHD, and LGBTQIA+ challenges. Life can be hard and I am here to help teach you how to guide yourself to feeling better. One step at a time!
I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist in Oregon. I specialize in working with children, teens, young adults, couples, and families. I work with individuals experiencing anxiety, depression, life changes, grief, loss, anger, trauma, ADHD, and LGBTQIA+ challenges. Life can be hard and I am here to help teach you how to guide yourself to feeling better. One step at a time!
View
Photo of High Vibe Society, Marriage & Family Therapist in Bend, OR
High Vibe Society
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA
Verified Verified
Bend, OR 97701  (Online Only)
Hi! My name is Annie and I have been a therapist for over 20 years. I am so glad you found your way here today. Just by dropping in here, you have taken a HUGE step in your healing journey. As Lao Tzu says, "The journey of a thousand miles begins with one step." Today you have taken that step. I'm so proud of you already! We are going to rock this healing process together. The most important thing in the world to me is to sit with you in your pain. You are not alone, and we will figure this out together. I am an eclectic therapist who uses multiple modalities specific to each client's needs. I am also a Reiki Master.
Hi! My name is Annie and I have been a therapist for over 20 years. I am so glad you found your way here today. Just by dropping in here, you have taken a HUGE step in your healing journey. As Lao Tzu says, "The journey of a thousand miles begins with one step." Today you have taken that step. I'm so proud of you already! We are going to rock this healing process together. The most important thing in the world to me is to sit with you in your pain. You are not alone, and we will figure this out together. I am an eclectic therapist who uses multiple modalities specific to each client's needs. I am also a Reiki Master.
(458) 224-5889 View (458) 224-5889
Photo of Amanda Juza-Hamrick, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Bend, OR
Amanda Juza-Hamrick
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Bend, OR 97702
Have you ever found that someone you love just asked you for something simple, should not be a big deal and you reacted to them by getting frustrated and overwhelmed, then you blame them? Did you then walk away and think, oh no why did I do that, why do I keep doing that? I believe that therapy is a safe place to learn and understand why you do what you do, it's only with that information that you can change your behavior. I am passionate about helping people better understand themselves.
Have you ever found that someone you love just asked you for something simple, should not be a big deal and you reacted to them by getting frustrated and overwhelmed, then you blame them? Did you then walk away and think, oh no why did I do that, why do I keep doing that? I believe that therapy is a safe place to learn and understand why you do what you do, it's only with that information that you can change your behavior. I am passionate about helping people better understand themselves.
(458) 207-2910 View (458) 207-2910
Photo of Haley Grout, Pre-Licensed Professional in Bend, OR
Haley Grout
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
Bend, OR 97702
Seven Peaks Counseling offers mental health therapy for tweens up to adults. Starting with empathy and self-compassion, we work towards understanding your thoughts and feelings and using your strengths to better approach and accommodate your emotions.Viewing the person as many parts that make up a whole, can help identify the area that requires the most attention. I often utilize mindfulness practices, strength identifiers and value sorters, movement, play, skill building, and self-compassion in sessions. The theories in which I draw from most frequently are Dialectical Behavioral Theory and Cognitive Behavioral Theory.
Seven Peaks Counseling offers mental health therapy for tweens up to adults. Starting with empathy and self-compassion, we work towards understanding your thoughts and feelings and using your strengths to better approach and accommodate your emotions.Viewing the person as many parts that make up a whole, can help identify the area that requires the most attention. I often utilize mindfulness practices, strength identifiers and value sorters, movement, play, skill building, and self-compassion in sessions. The theories in which I draw from most frequently are Dialectical Behavioral Theory and Cognitive Behavioral Theory.
(458) 236-3437 View (458) 236-3437
Photo of Stephanie Halper, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Bend, OR
Stephanie Halper
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MS
Verified Verified
Bend, OR 97703  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
I view therapy as an opportunity for personal growth and understanding while working towards making change. I work collaboratively with clients to explore their needs and identify goals, which I see as being unique to each client.
I view therapy as an opportunity for personal growth and understanding while working towards making change. I work collaboratively with clients to explore their needs and identify goals, which I see as being unique to each client.
(541) 243-7451 View (541) 243-7451
Photo of Dustin Urban, Licensed Professional Counselor in Bend, OR
Dustin Urban
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA
Verified Verified
Bend, OR 97701  (Online Only)
Struggling with anxiety, PTSD or other issues related to trauma or challenging past experiences? I specialize in therapies, including EMDR, that can provide effective relief from the struggle. I am also skilled and experienced in supporting adults and their family members struggling with ADHD. If your challenges feel more intense or harder to ignore these days, you are not alone. Fortunately therapy is just as available to you now- I am experienced with remote, video-based counseling, and even hesitant clients have found these sessions just as effective as in-person therapy.
Struggling with anxiety, PTSD or other issues related to trauma or challenging past experiences? I specialize in therapies, including EMDR, that can provide effective relief from the struggle. I am also skilled and experienced in supporting adults and their family members struggling with ADHD. If your challenges feel more intense or harder to ignore these days, you are not alone. Fortunately therapy is just as available to you now- I am experienced with remote, video-based counseling, and even hesitant clients have found these sessions just as effective as in-person therapy.
(458) 206-5417 View (458) 206-5417
Photo of Robert Burch, Psychologist in Bend, OR
Robert Burch
Psychologist, PhD, MA
Verified Verified
Bend, OR 97701
Psychotherapy varies depending on the personality of both the therapist and the client, and the particular problems you, the client, bring to the therapy relationship. I am a Licensed Psychologist with over 25 years of experience. I am trained and experienced in doing Individual, group, couples, and family therapy with adults and adolescents (14 years and over).The early focus of therapy will Involve an evaluation of your needs, establishing a therapeutic relationship, developing self awareness, understanding thoughts, emotions, history, and current life circumstances that concern you, the client.
Psychotherapy varies depending on the personality of both the therapist and the client, and the particular problems you, the client, bring to the therapy relationship. I am a Licensed Psychologist with over 25 years of experience. I am trained and experienced in doing Individual, group, couples, and family therapy with adults and adolescents (14 years and over).The early focus of therapy will Involve an evaluation of your needs, establishing a therapeutic relationship, developing self awareness, understanding thoughts, emotions, history, and current life circumstances that concern you, the client.
(541) 526-5228 View (541) 526-5228
Photo of FLUID Community, Inc. - Devora Moon Holland, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Bend, OR
FLUID Community, Inc. - Devora Moon Holland
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Bend, OR 97703
At all stages of life people go through hard times - in relationships with others and within ourselves. You are the best expert in your own life experience and possess the capacity to overcome the adversity in your life. I generate a protected space for you to better understand your personal story and manage problems that block the flow of your innate happiness. I help you expand your ability to take care of yourself even when life sends unbearable challenges. I honor all aspects of your ethnicity, sexuality, gender, spirituality, physical and mental abilities, age, socioeconomic class, and native language.
At all stages of life people go through hard times - in relationships with others and within ourselves. You are the best expert in your own life experience and possess the capacity to overcome the adversity in your life. I generate a protected space for you to better understand your personal story and manage problems that block the flow of your innate happiness. I help you expand your ability to take care of yourself even when life sends unbearable challenges. I honor all aspects of your ethnicity, sexuality, gender, spirituality, physical and mental abilities, age, socioeconomic class, and native language.
(503) 567-2611 View (503) 567-2611
Photo of Leah Allen, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Bend, OR
Leah Allen
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Bend, OR 97701  (Online Only)
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker who provides client-centered therapy for adult clients. I have experience with a range of challenges including trauma, mood, anxiety, relationships, LGBTQ, life transitions, social justice, and addictions. After earning a Bachelors degree in Psychology and Sociology from University of Oregon I pursued a Masters of Social Work from Portland State University and graduated with honors. Immediately following graduation I pursued my licensure and have been practicing in Bend since 2010.
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker who provides client-centered therapy for adult clients. I have experience with a range of challenges including trauma, mood, anxiety, relationships, LGBTQ, life transitions, social justice, and addictions. After earning a Bachelors degree in Psychology and Sociology from University of Oregon I pursued a Masters of Social Work from Portland State University and graduated with honors. Immediately following graduation I pursued my licensure and have been practicing in Bend since 2010.
(458) 224-3985 View (458) 224-3985
Photo of Richard Streeter, Licensed Professional Counselor in Bend, OR
Richard Streeter
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, MEd
Verified Verified
Bend, OR 97701
I take a reality therapy/person-centered approach towards helping clients meet their emotional and mental health needs. My goal as a therapist is to provide a therapeutic environment where clients can safely explore barriers that impede their physical and emotional well-being.
I take a reality therapy/person-centered approach towards helping clients meet their emotional and mental health needs. My goal as a therapist is to provide a therapeutic environment where clients can safely explore barriers that impede their physical and emotional well-being.
(541) 527-7029 View (541) 527-7029
Photo of Madeline Warnick, Licensed Professional Counselor in Bend, OR
Madeline Warnick
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC, MCoun
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Bend, OR 97701  (Online Only)
New Group - See below! Your inner critic can make you see yourself through a cruel funhouse mirror, where all you can see are the parts of you that you don’t like. You may have had past experiences - in relationships, your family, school, or society - that left you feeling like there's something wrong with you. Maybe you’ve been told you’re “too sensitive” or “too much,” and now you tell yourself those things on repeat. You may struggle with listening to and trusting your feelings, intuition, or body, and you long for more confidence & self-trust. My clients are people who want to go deep (even if a part of them is also afraid to!).
New Group - See below! Your inner critic can make you see yourself through a cruel funhouse mirror, where all you can see are the parts of you that you don’t like. You may have had past experiences - in relationships, your family, school, or society - that left you feeling like there's something wrong with you. Maybe you’ve been told you’re “too sensitive” or “too much,” and now you tell yourself those things on repeat. You may struggle with listening to and trusting your feelings, intuition, or body, and you long for more confidence & self-trust. My clients are people who want to go deep (even if a part of them is also afraid to!).
(458) 203-1667 View (458) 203-1667

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Bend, OR

500+

Average cost per session

$165

Therapists in Bend, OR who prioritize treating:

91% Anxiety
87% Depression
81% Relationship Issues
77% Trauma and PTSD
77% Self Esteem
76% Stress
71% Life Transitions

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

77% PacificSource
55% Oregon Health Plan (OHP)
40% Aetna

How Therapists in Bend, OR see their clients

65% In Person and Online
35% Online Only

Gender breakdown

77% Female
20% Male
3% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Bend?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.