Therapists in Scarsdale, NY

Photo of Barbara E Clark, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Barbara E Clark
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Each life is a gift. I acknowledge and honor each individual that joins me with their most heartfelt challenges to their most celebrated achievements. I use an integrative approach to treat anxiety, depression, trauma in adolescents, adults, and couples. I offer a warm and collaborative approach to tackling your life’s challenges through making concrete goals with you. I have been practicing for several years, working with various populations in the New York City metropolitan area.
Each life is a gift. I acknowledge and honor each individual that joins me with their most heartfelt challenges to their most celebrated achievements. I use an integrative approach to treat anxiety, depression, trauma in adolescents, adults, and couples. I offer a warm and collaborative approach to tackling your life’s challenges through making concrete goals with you. I have been practicing for several years, working with various populations in the New York City metropolitan area.
(914) 296-4105 View (914) 296-4105
Photo of Martine Gilbert Isak - Martine Gilbert Isak Mental Health Counseling PLLC, Counselor, LMHC-D, MS ed
I provide a warm, safe and interactive space, where we work together to gain insight and confront challenges. We will identify a uniquely tailored plan to meet your goals to lead a more fulfilling life. I work closely with adults facing anxiety, relationship issues, life stage changes and have an expertise in treating addiction/substance misuse. I utilize evidence based treatments, such as cognitive behavioral therapy, mindfulness, motivational interviewing and dialectical behavioral therapy to relieve your distress and allow you to engage in the present with increased motivation and confidence.
I provide a warm, safe and interactive space, where we work together to gain insight and confront challenges. We will identify a uniquely tailored plan to meet your goals to lead a more fulfilling life. I work closely with adults facing anxiety, relationship issues, life stage changes and have an expertise in treating addiction/substance misuse. I utilize evidence based treatments, such as cognitive behavioral therapy, mindfulness, motivational interviewing and dialectical behavioral therapy to relieve your distress and allow you to engage in the present with increased motivation and confidence.
(914) 685-8112 View (914) 685-8112
Photo of Barbara Clark - Barbara Clark | EMDR Therapist, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, EMDR
Barbara Clark | EMDR Therapist
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, EMDR
2 Endorsed
Scarsdale, NY 10583
Life is a gift, but when you're carrying the weight of trauma, depression, or anxiety, it can feel more like a burden than a life worth living. If you're feeling overwhelmed, disconnected, or stuck in painful patterns, you don’t have to do it alone. I offer a warm, collaborative space where healing begins with compassion and understanding. My integrative approach draws from evidence-based methods and includes specialized training in EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) a powerful, research-supported therapy that helps people process and heal from traumatic experiences.
Life is a gift, but when you're carrying the weight of trauma, depression, or anxiety, it can feel more like a burden than a life worth living. If you're feeling overwhelmed, disconnected, or stuck in painful patterns, you don’t have to do it alone. I offer a warm, collaborative space where healing begins with compassion and understanding. My integrative approach draws from evidence-based methods and includes specialized training in EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) a powerful, research-supported therapy that helps people process and heal from traumatic experiences.
(607) 678-2243 View (607) 678-2243
Photo of Lisa A Katzen, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSWR, R-
Lisa A Katzen
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSWR, R-
Scarsdale, NY 10583
In an age where families are incredibly busy and behaviors tend to occur at home, I realize the limitations of office based work. My home based therapy encourages parents to come up with realistic plans based on their natural home environment. I am a licensed clinical social worker with over 20 years of experience. I work with parents on ways to effectively manage their children's behavior in the comfort of their home. My expertise lies in families with children from birth to high school age. The children can be either typically developing or struggle with issues around Anxiety, OCD, ODD, and trichillmania.
In an age where families are incredibly busy and behaviors tend to occur at home, I realize the limitations of office based work. My home based therapy encourages parents to come up with realistic plans based on their natural home environment. I am a licensed clinical social worker with over 20 years of experience. I work with parents on ways to effectively manage their children's behavior in the comfort of their home. My expertise lies in families with children from birth to high school age. The children can be either typically developing or struggle with issues around Anxiety, OCD, ODD, and trichillmania.
(914) 821-5795 View (914) 821-5795
Photo of Dr. Jack Senese IV, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PhD, LCSW
Dr. Jack Senese IV
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PhD, LCSW
Scarsdale, NY 10583
I’m Jack, a therapist with a passion for helping people navigate the pressures of modern life. I understand how stress, anxiety, and the demands of work and relationships can impact your mental health and overall well-being. My approach is grounded in the belief that healing is a deeply personal journey, requiring a thoughtful and tailored strategy that addresses your unique needs and goals. I offer in-person therapy and neurofeedback at my Scarsdale office. Check out my website InnerArmorTherapy to book a session or explore additional services.
I’m Jack, a therapist with a passion for helping people navigate the pressures of modern life. I understand how stress, anxiety, and the demands of work and relationships can impact your mental health and overall well-being. My approach is grounded in the belief that healing is a deeply personal journey, requiring a thoughtful and tailored strategy that addresses your unique needs and goals. I offer in-person therapy and neurofeedback at my Scarsdale office. Check out my website InnerArmorTherapy to book a session or explore additional services.
(914) 359-4761 View (914) 359-4761
Photo of Trent Codd, Counselor, EdS, LCMHC, BCBA
Trent Codd
Counselor, EdS, LCMHC, BCBA
Scarsdale, NY 10583
Trent is a distinguished clinician specializing in psychological evaluations and evidence-based interventions for individuals, couples, and families across the lifespan. He has expertise in treating anxiety, depression, OCD, panic, trauma/PTSD, insomnia, Tourette syndrome, and work/school-related challenges. With children, he also addresses behavior issues, defiance, and school refusal. Beyond clinical practice, Trent is a well accomplished researcher, author, and educator, with numerous peer-reviewed publications and influential books. He is a Certified Trainer in CBT, dedicated to advancing the quality of care in the field.
Trent is a distinguished clinician specializing in psychological evaluations and evidence-based interventions for individuals, couples, and families across the lifespan. He has expertise in treating anxiety, depression, OCD, panic, trauma/PTSD, insomnia, Tourette syndrome, and work/school-related challenges. With children, he also addresses behavior issues, defiance, and school refusal. Beyond clinical practice, Trent is a well accomplished researcher, author, and educator, with numerous peer-reviewed publications and influential books. He is a Certified Trainer in CBT, dedicated to advancing the quality of care in the field.
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Photo of Adelyn Melnikoff, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Adelyn Melnikoff
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Scarsdale, NY 10583
Adelyn is a seasoned therapist dedicated to guiding individuals toward a life of fulfillment, purpose, and personal growth. Specializing in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Adelyn brings extensive experience from working in Mt. Sinai Hospital system’s top CBT and therapy programs. She has treated a diverse set of adult clients across all life stages, navigating a wide range of psychiatric and medical challenges in both outpatient and inpatient settings. She specializes in trauma- and stressor-related disorders, anxiety, depression, OCD, ADHD, executive functioning, and the intersection of medical conditions and mental health.
Adelyn is a seasoned therapist dedicated to guiding individuals toward a life of fulfillment, purpose, and personal growth. Specializing in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Adelyn brings extensive experience from working in Mt. Sinai Hospital system’s top CBT and therapy programs. She has treated a diverse set of adult clients across all life stages, navigating a wide range of psychiatric and medical challenges in both outpatient and inpatient settings. She specializes in trauma- and stressor-related disorders, anxiety, depression, OCD, ADHD, executive functioning, and the intersection of medical conditions and mental health.
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Photo of Jane Lubowitz Rosenstadt, Licensed Master Social Worker, LMSW
Jane Lubowitz Rosenstadt
Licensed Master Social Worker, LMSW
Scarsdale, NY 10583
I am so glad you found me. I'm here to help. I support individuals and couples facing emotional challenges including anxiety, depression, grief, trauma, relationship issues, tough transitions, work, parenting, and marital stressors. I provide a warm and judgment-free space where you will be seen, heard, and accepted for who you are. You will feel safe and understood, comfortable sharing what troubles you, perhaps for the first time. By bringing clinical expertise and life experience, and making space for humor in the therapy room, I form authentic bonds with clients and tailor therapy to their unique needs and goals.
I am so glad you found me. I'm here to help. I support individuals and couples facing emotional challenges including anxiety, depression, grief, trauma, relationship issues, tough transitions, work, parenting, and marital stressors. I provide a warm and judgment-free space where you will be seen, heard, and accepted for who you are. You will feel safe and understood, comfortable sharing what troubles you, perhaps for the first time. By bringing clinical expertise and life experience, and making space for humor in the therapy room, I form authentic bonds with clients and tailor therapy to their unique needs and goals.
(914) 567-5002 View (914) 567-5002
Photo of Miki Hara - Miki Hara, Psychotherapy, LCSW, PC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, RYT, TCTSY-F
Miki Hara, Psychotherapy, LCSW, PC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, RYT, TCTSY-F
Scarsdale, NY 10583
Do you find yourself constantly living in the past and wishing you can live in the present moment? Do you feel overwhelmed and anxious? I specialize in working with people who struggle with anxiety, panic attacks, depression and trauma such as childhood invalidating environment, domestic violence and sexual violence. I am LGBTQA+ affirming therapist who specialize in working with transgender population. I offer variety of therapeutic approach such as EMDR, DBT, IFS informed and trauma sensitive yoga. Together we find what works best for you.
Do you find yourself constantly living in the past and wishing you can live in the present moment? Do you feel overwhelmed and anxious? I specialize in working with people who struggle with anxiety, panic attacks, depression and trauma such as childhood invalidating environment, domestic violence and sexual violence. I am LGBTQA+ affirming therapist who specialize in working with transgender population. I offer variety of therapeutic approach such as EMDR, DBT, IFS informed and trauma sensitive yoga. Together we find what works best for you.
(914) 635-1099 View (914) 635-1099
Photo of Kim Tuber, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Kim Tuber
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
1 Endorsed
Scarsdale, NY 10583
I'm a licensed psychotherapist practicing in New York, Connecticut, and New Jersey. I earned my master’s degree from New York University with honors, with a focus on evidence based interventions. My mission is to create a warm and supportive environment where you can safely explore your thoughts and emotions. By integrating therapeutic styles that balance evidence-based practices with a strength’s perspective and a psychodynamic lens, we will work together to identify the underlying causes of distress and symptoms.
I'm a licensed psychotherapist practicing in New York, Connecticut, and New Jersey. I earned my master’s degree from New York University with honors, with a focus on evidence based interventions. My mission is to create a warm and supportive environment where you can safely explore your thoughts and emotions. By integrating therapeutic styles that balance evidence-based practices with a strength’s perspective and a psychodynamic lens, we will work together to identify the underlying causes of distress and symptoms.
(914) 266-7200 View (914) 266-7200
Photo of Claudia Bassin - Claudia Bassin, MS, LCSW, CASAC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MS, LCSW, CASAC
Claudia Bassin, MS, LCSW, CASAC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MS, LCSW, CASAC
Online Only
NYC born, graduating Columbia University with an MS in Social Work I became a Cognitive Behavioral Therapist. If the Jeffrey Epstein coverage is triggering your memories to flood back as a seasoned therapist I can help. I treat anxiety, depression and a wide range of communication issues between parent/child and couples. I’ll coach you in techniques to help diminish negative behaviors like blame and reactivity. I’ll help you define goals, make decisions and put you on the fast track to healthy functioning even prior to marriage or civil partnership.
NYC born, graduating Columbia University with an MS in Social Work I became a Cognitive Behavioral Therapist. If the Jeffrey Epstein coverage is triggering your memories to flood back as a seasoned therapist I can help. I treat anxiety, depression and a wide range of communication issues between parent/child and couples. I’ll coach you in techniques to help diminish negative behaviors like blame and reactivity. I’ll help you define goals, make decisions and put you on the fast track to healthy functioning even prior to marriage or civil partnership.
(914) 290-5944 View (914) 290-5944
Photo of Patricia Valencia, Counselor, LMHC, LPC
Patricia Valencia
Counselor, LMHC, LPC
3 Endorsed
Online Only
Listen, I get it. Your 40s and 50s hit different. Between parenting a child with special needs, caring for aging parents, running your business—or juggling all of it—you're stretched impossibly thin. You're anxious, burned out, maybe carrying trauma, while everyone leans on you. I see you holding it all together, and I'm here to tell you: you deserve support too. Together, we'll find calm in your chaos, set boundaries without the guilt trip, and reconnect you with what YOU need. Therapy isn't selfish—it's survival. Let's stop just getting through the day and start actually living again.
Listen, I get it. Your 40s and 50s hit different. Between parenting a child with special needs, caring for aging parents, running your business—or juggling all of it—you're stretched impossibly thin. You're anxious, burned out, maybe carrying trauma, while everyone leans on you. I see you holding it all together, and I'm here to tell you: you deserve support too. Together, we'll find calm in your chaos, set boundaries without the guilt trip, and reconnect you with what YOU need. Therapy isn't selfish—it's survival. Let's stop just getting through the day and start actually living again.
(516) 530-8190 View (516) 530-8190
Photo of Lauren Dobbs, Psychologist, PsyD
Lauren Dobbs
Psychologist, PsyD
Scarsdale, NY 10583
Dr. Dobbs is an accomplished clinical psychologist with over fifteen years of experience between teaching and clinical work. She specializes in working with children, teens, and adults and has worked across various settings, including private practice, school, residential, and community mental health. Her therapeutic approach is rooted in the gold standard of treatment, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, which provides faster, more effective results. With children and teens, she goes beyond the traditional confines of therapy by harnessing their natural creativity, integrating art, music, games, journaling, and other creative outlets.
Dr. Dobbs is an accomplished clinical psychologist with over fifteen years of experience between teaching and clinical work. She specializes in working with children, teens, and adults and has worked across various settings, including private practice, school, residential, and community mental health. Her therapeutic approach is rooted in the gold standard of treatment, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, which provides faster, more effective results. With children and teens, she goes beyond the traditional confines of therapy by harnessing their natural creativity, integrating art, music, games, journaling, and other creative outlets.
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Photo of Michael DiFrancesco, Psychologist, PsyD
Michael DiFrancesco
Psychologist, PsyD
2 Endorsed
Scarsdale, NY 10583
I am a licensed clinical psychologist with expertise in pediatrics as well as young adults and families. I specialize in the assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of a wide range of issues such as anxiety, depression, substance use, school related behavioral concerns, relational stress and developmental hurdles of transitioning to young adulthood. I have extensive training in evidence based treatments such as multidimensional family therapy through the University of Miami/Miller School of Medicine as well as cognitive behavioral therapy through my postdoctoral fellowship at NY Presbyterian Hospital/Columbia University Medical Center
I am a licensed clinical psychologist with expertise in pediatrics as well as young adults and families. I specialize in the assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of a wide range of issues such as anxiety, depression, substance use, school related behavioral concerns, relational stress and developmental hurdles of transitioning to young adulthood. I have extensive training in evidence based treatments such as multidimensional family therapy through the University of Miami/Miller School of Medicine as well as cognitive behavioral therapy through my postdoctoral fellowship at NY Presbyterian Hospital/Columbia University Medical Center
(914) 685-5824 View (914) 685-5824
Photo of Nirit G. Pisano, Psychologist, PhD
Nirit G. Pisano
Psychologist, PhD
1 Endorsed
Scarsdale, NY 10583
My psychodynamically informed practice provides individual, family, and couples therapy. I specialize in working with individuals facing anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, loss, and relationship difficulties. I also have significant training in working with survivors of trauma, whether past or ongoing. My book, "Granddaughters of the Holocaust," examines the impact of trauma across generations. I believe that unspoken, unresolved themes within a family can have a crippling effect on its members.
My psychodynamically informed practice provides individual, family, and couples therapy. I specialize in working with individuals facing anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, loss, and relationship difficulties. I also have significant training in working with survivors of trauma, whether past or ongoing. My book, "Granddaughters of the Holocaust," examines the impact of trauma across generations. I believe that unspoken, unresolved themes within a family can have a crippling effect on its members.
(914) 819-5707 View (914) 819-5707
Photo of Bryanna Fatigate, Psychologist, PhD
Bryanna Fatigate
Psychologist, PhD
Scarsdale, NY 10583
Dr. Fatigate is a passionate therapist who utilizes highly effective treatments, such as CBT, DBT, and ACT, to empower her clients to achieve their goals. She has had extensive training at a renowned CBT/DBT training center and through Mount Sinai’s esteemed therapy programs. Through relationship building, collaboration, and adapting to each client’s needs, she provides holistic, tailored, and client-centered treatment. Her diverse experiences across outpatient, private practice, and hospitals allow her to connect with clients, regardless of what they are experiencing, and help them achieve symptom reduction and holistic well-being.
Dr. Fatigate is a passionate therapist who utilizes highly effective treatments, such as CBT, DBT, and ACT, to empower her clients to achieve their goals. She has had extensive training at a renowned CBT/DBT training center and through Mount Sinai’s esteemed therapy programs. Through relationship building, collaboration, and adapting to each client’s needs, she provides holistic, tailored, and client-centered treatment. Her diverse experiences across outpatient, private practice, and hospitals allow her to connect with clients, regardless of what they are experiencing, and help them achieve symptom reduction and holistic well-being.
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Photo of Laura Preskin, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Laura Preskin
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Online Only
I specialize in helping adults struggling with parenting and other issues including: addiction, anxiety, trauma, depression and codependency. If you are overwhelmed and frustrated get in touch with me. l will help you with resources, tools and strategies.
I specialize in helping adults struggling with parenting and other issues including: addiction, anxiety, trauma, depression and codependency. If you are overwhelmed and frustrated get in touch with me. l will help you with resources, tools and strategies.
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Photo of Markella Louros, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Markella Louros
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
1 Endorsed
Scarsdale, NY 10583
Not accepting new clients
One of the most courageous things we can do is to begin to understand our own story. What often precedes healing, however, is profound confusion and discomfort which deters us from delving deeper within. The process of growth is often accompanied by fear of the unknown and thus, can appear a daunting task. But you are not alone. My goal is to walk alongside you as you come to know yourself and navigate the path to a happier, healthier life. More importantly, what are your goals? What makes you feel safe? Therapy strengthens our insight by compassionately confronting us with the questions we have never dared to ask ourselves before.
One of the most courageous things we can do is to begin to understand our own story. What often precedes healing, however, is profound confusion and discomfort which deters us from delving deeper within. The process of growth is often accompanied by fear of the unknown and thus, can appear a daunting task. But you are not alone. My goal is to walk alongside you as you come to know yourself and navigate the path to a happier, healthier life. More importantly, what are your goals? What makes you feel safe? Therapy strengthens our insight by compassionately confronting us with the questions we have never dared to ask ourselves before.
(914) 521-3878 View (914) 521-3878
Photo of Maggie O'Connor - Breakthrough MFT, PLLC, LMFT, LCSW, LP
Breakthrough MFT, PLLC
Verified Verified
Scarsdale, NY 10583
If you are feeling depleted and exhausted, keep reading; You are not alone. When you find yourself emotionally stuck, it's often because you feel like you've tried everything, but keep getting nowhere.
If you are feeling depleted and exhausted, keep reading; You are not alone. When you find yourself emotionally stuck, it's often because you feel like you've tried everything, but keep getting nowhere.
(914) 425-5371 View (914) 425-5371
Kirsten Marchesano
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MBA, LCSW
Scarsdale, NY 10583
Kirsten is a licensed clinical social worker with a behavioral health and business background. She provides clinical consultation, coaching, and therapy depending on clients' presenting issues, needs, and goals.
Kirsten is a licensed clinical social worker with a behavioral health and business background. She provides clinical consultation, coaching, and therapy depending on clients' presenting issues, needs, and goals.
(914) 574-2612 View (914) 574-2612

See more therapy options for Scarsdale

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Scarsdale, NY

600+

Average cost per session

$224

Therapists in Scarsdale, NY who prioritize treating:

95% Anxiety
86% Depression
83% Relationship Issues
79% Self Esteem
66% Stress
65% Family Conflict
60% Trauma and PTSD

Average years in practice

15 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

85% Aetna
63% Cigna and Evernorth
60% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Scarsdale, NY see their clients

64% In Person and Online
36% Online Only

Gender breakdown

82% Female
17% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Scarsdale?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.