Therapists in Irvington, NY

Photo of Jonathan Kleinman, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Jonathan Kleinman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Irvington, NY 10533
Jonathan Kleinman has been working with teens and adults with a concentration on men and boys' issues for over 20 years. His strengths-based, relationship focused approach emphasizes development of self awareness, emotional/social intelligence and communication skills in order for his clients to gain a greater understanding of themselves and their behaviors so they may assume positive control over their own lives.
Jonathan Kleinman has been working with teens and adults with a concentration on men and boys' issues for over 20 years. His strengths-based, relationship focused approach emphasizes development of self awareness, emotional/social intelligence and communication skills in order for his clients to gain a greater understanding of themselves and their behaviors so they may assume positive control over their own lives.
(917) 746-3619 View (917) 746-3619
Photo of Amber daSilva, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Amber daSilva
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Irvington, NY 10533
I am a licensed clinical social worker with experience working with a great number of clients in a variety of settings. I work with adolescents and adults collaboratively to create a safe and comfortable space where clients can be their true selves. I help clients to explore their current circumstances as well as their past experiences to understand who they are and why they are this way. Through this understanding and experience clients are able to create positive change in their lives. I believe that to truly know thyself is the path to self acceptance and happiness.
I am a licensed clinical social worker with experience working with a great number of clients in a variety of settings. I work with adolescents and adults collaboratively to create a safe and comfortable space where clients can be their true selves. I help clients to explore their current circumstances as well as their past experiences to understand who they are and why they are this way. Through this understanding and experience clients are able to create positive change in their lives. I believe that to truly know thyself is the path to self acceptance and happiness.
(914) 873-4455 View (914) 873-4455
Photo of Laurie Gruenberger, PsyD, Psychologist
Laurie Gruenberger
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Irvington, NY 10533
The decision to begin therapy for yourself or your child can be difficult and often follows attempts to manage challenging life circumstances independently. I view therapy as a collaborative process in which clients are encouraged to explore thoughts, feelings and behaviors in a supportive, nonjudgmental, and compassionate setting. I am a licensed psychologist with over 20 years of experience in Child, Adolescent, Adult, and Family Psychotherapy, Parent Consultation, Couples Therapy, and Special Education and 504 Plan Consultation.
The decision to begin therapy for yourself or your child can be difficult and often follows attempts to manage challenging life circumstances independently. I view therapy as a collaborative process in which clients are encouraged to explore thoughts, feelings and behaviors in a supportive, nonjudgmental, and compassionate setting. I am a licensed psychologist with over 20 years of experience in Child, Adolescent, Adult, and Family Psychotherapy, Parent Consultation, Couples Therapy, and Special Education and 504 Plan Consultation.
(917) 905-1529 View (917) 905-1529
Photo of Dana Stein, PhD, Psychologist
Dana Stein
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Irvington, NY 10533
Welcome, finding a good fit with your potential therapist is key! I am a licensed psychologist with over 25 years of experience. I see both individuals and couples. I believe that all people share common struggles and that during challenging times can benefit from the opportunity to talk freely without the fear of being judged. We will identify self-defeating patterns linked to depression, anxiety, dissatisfying relationships, and substance abuse as a first step. Finding alternatives which leads to living more fulfilling lives is the goal. I am also a consultant with expertise in healthy tech use across developmental phases.
Welcome, finding a good fit with your potential therapist is key! I am a licensed psychologist with over 25 years of experience. I see both individuals and couples. I believe that all people share common struggles and that during challenging times can benefit from the opportunity to talk freely without the fear of being judged. We will identify self-defeating patterns linked to depression, anxiety, dissatisfying relationships, and substance abuse as a first step. Finding alternatives which leads to living more fulfilling lives is the goal. I am also a consultant with expertise in healthy tech use across developmental phases.
(646) 480-7393 View (646) 480-7393
Photo of Vanessa Spiegel, LMSW
Vanessa Spiegel
Licensed Master Social Worker, LMSW
Verified Verified
Irvington, NY 10533
Welcome! I’m Vanessa Spiegel, a Licensed Master Social Worker and Shamanic Reiki ​Master Practitioner, dedicated to helping you realize your authentic self through the ​integration of mind, body, and spirit. My approach to therapy is holistic, blending traditional therapeutic techniques with ​shamanic and embodiment practices to promote comprehensive well-being. I believe in ​the inherent worth and wholeness of every individual, and my mission is to guide you ​back to this truth. By dismantling societal conditioning and embracing authenticity, I ​help clients rediscover their innate worth and purpose.
Welcome! I’m Vanessa Spiegel, a Licensed Master Social Worker and Shamanic Reiki ​Master Practitioner, dedicated to helping you realize your authentic self through the ​integration of mind, body, and spirit. My approach to therapy is holistic, blending traditional therapeutic techniques with ​shamanic and embodiment practices to promote comprehensive well-being. I believe in ​the inherent worth and wholeness of every individual, and my mission is to guide you ​back to this truth. By dismantling societal conditioning and embracing authenticity, I ​help clients rediscover their innate worth and purpose.
(914) 326-0781 View (914) 326-0781
Photo of Mary T Harrington, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Mary T Harrington
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Irvington, NY 10533
I am a practical, interactive, solution-focused therapist, my treatment approach is to provide support and practical feedback to help clients resolve current problems and long-standing patterns. With sensitivity and compassion, I help clients find solutions to a wide range of life challenges and psychological issues. Blending conventional and alternative approaches, I draw on a variety of styles and techniques to incorporate what will be most helpful for each client. I work with each client to help them build on their strengths to identify and achieve life goals.
I am a practical, interactive, solution-focused therapist, my treatment approach is to provide support and practical feedback to help clients resolve current problems and long-standing patterns. With sensitivity and compassion, I help clients find solutions to a wide range of life challenges and psychological issues. Blending conventional and alternative approaches, I draw on a variety of styles and techniques to incorporate what will be most helpful for each client. I work with each client to help them build on their strengths to identify and achieve life goals.
(914) 810-3079 View (914) 810-3079
Photo of Tiffany Whyte, DHA, LMSW
Tiffany Whyte
Licensed Master Social Work, DHA, LMSW
Verified Verified
Irvington, NY 10533
As a practitioner, I acknowledge that problems do not arise in isolation. My role involves guiding individuals to explore and utilize best practices to attain desired outcomes while prioritizing the client's needs.
As a practitioner, I acknowledge that problems do not arise in isolation. My role involves guiding individuals to explore and utilize best practices to attain desired outcomes while prioritizing the client's needs.
(914) 601-3492 View (914) 601-3492
Photo of Jeannie A Elder, LMHC, NCC, CASAC-T, Counselor
Jeannie A Elder
Counselor, LMHC, NCC, CASAC-T
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Irvington, NY 10533  (Online Only)
I am a Licensed Mental Health Counselor practicing in New York. I specialize both in treating people with eating disorders and members of the LGBTQI community. I have experience treating people with mood and personality disorders, OCD symptoms, compulsive spending, and survivors of sexual assault. My theoretical orientation is eclectic; largely psychodynamic, greatly influenced by Relational-Cultural, Person-Centered, Positive and Self Psychology. I use CBT and DBT interventions when appropriate. As a team, we can be curious about you together, working towards clarity so that you can make the best decisions and experience greater satisfaction in life.
I am a Licensed Mental Health Counselor practicing in New York. I specialize both in treating people with eating disorders and members of the LGBTQI community. I have experience treating people with mood and personality disorders, OCD symptoms, compulsive spending, and survivors of sexual assault. My theoretical orientation is eclectic; largely psychodynamic, greatly influenced by Relational-Cultural, Person-Centered, Positive and Self Psychology. I use CBT and DBT interventions when appropriate. As a team, we can be curious about you together, working towards clarity so that you can make the best decisions and experience greater satisfaction in life.
(347) 514-6962 x208 View (347) 514-6962 x208
Photo of Julie Schwartz, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Julie Schwartz
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Irvington, NY 10533  (Online Only)
Let's have a conversation. I offer a warm and supportive energy, providing a space that strives to help you feel comfortable and ready to share your story. Whatever that story is, we will work together to identify treatment goals and tackle the issues that are interfering with your quality of life. My mission is for you to leave a session more empowered, armed with new insight, coping skills and strategies that will help you navigate life's challenges with an improved sense of confidence and self-worth.
Let's have a conversation. I offer a warm and supportive energy, providing a space that strives to help you feel comfortable and ready to share your story. Whatever that story is, we will work together to identify treatment goals and tackle the issues that are interfering with your quality of life. My mission is for you to leave a session more empowered, armed with new insight, coping skills and strategies that will help you navigate life's challenges with an improved sense of confidence and self-worth.
(914) 344-6041 View (914) 344-6041
Photo of Joel F. Jaro, LCSW-R, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Joel F. Jaro
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-R
Verified Verified
Irvington, NY 10533
Are you in emotional distress and feeling alone with these feelings? I specialize in forging close, interactive relationships with my clients to help you ease your suffering and begin taking the necessary steps in achieving personal fulfillment and to begin the process of eliminating DIS-EASE... It is my belief that although it is important to develop insight in to your areas of stress and conflict; I feel that thoughts that don't lead to action steps are at the end of the day, hollow. * Please note that my extensive training in teletherapy and video will be directly applied to people who have worries related to Covid-19.
Are you in emotional distress and feeling alone with these feelings? I specialize in forging close, interactive relationships with my clients to help you ease your suffering and begin taking the necessary steps in achieving personal fulfillment and to begin the process of eliminating DIS-EASE... It is my belief that although it is important to develop insight in to your areas of stress and conflict; I feel that thoughts that don't lead to action steps are at the end of the day, hollow. * Please note that my extensive training in teletherapy and video will be directly applied to people who have worries related to Covid-19.
(917) 746-0395 View (917) 746-0395
Photo of Christopher Rushton - Chris Rushton = Crush Counseling, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Chris Rushton = Crush Counseling
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Irvington, NY 10533  (Online Only)
I feel stuck. Something is holding me back. I'm afraid of what might happen. I want to, but I just can't. What if... Did you ever think that your greatest fear just might hold the key to your greatest success? Whether it's wanting to travel to somewhere you've never been to, or wanting to change your career, or wanting to fall in love again - there is something that's holding you back, preventing you from taking the leap. Are there things you have done that you regret and which are stopping you now? Are there voices from the past telling you can't do that thing you always wanted to do?
I feel stuck. Something is holding me back. I'm afraid of what might happen. I want to, but I just can't. What if... Did you ever think that your greatest fear just might hold the key to your greatest success? Whether it's wanting to travel to somewhere you've never been to, or wanting to change your career, or wanting to fall in love again - there is something that's holding you back, preventing you from taking the leap. Are there things you have done that you regret and which are stopping you now? Are there voices from the past telling you can't do that thing you always wanted to do?
(914) 875-2650 View (914) 875-2650
Photo of L. Laura Ochoa, PhD, Psychologist
L. Laura Ochoa
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Irvington, NY 10533  (Online Only)
I have dedicated my career as a clinical psychologist and college educator to supporting the emotional and intellectual growth of adults. I have intensive training in cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) which I obtained from Dr. Aaron T. Beck, its remarkable founder. I specialize my practice in the areas of anxiety disorders, depression and addiction. I offer my services in both English and Spanish. For young adults, the transition from adolescence is never simple; I can help you navigate this difficult time and define appropriate and achievable goals. For all who are reading this, I invite you to contact me.
I have dedicated my career as a clinical psychologist and college educator to supporting the emotional and intellectual growth of adults. I have intensive training in cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) which I obtained from Dr. Aaron T. Beck, its remarkable founder. I specialize my practice in the areas of anxiety disorders, depression and addiction. I offer my services in both English and Spanish. For young adults, the transition from adolescence is never simple; I can help you navigate this difficult time and define appropriate and achievable goals. For all who are reading this, I invite you to contact me.
(914) 350-6038 View (914) 350-6038
Photo of Traci Gavila, PsyD, Psychologist
Traci Gavila
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Irvington, NY 10533  (Online Only)
An important part of successful therapy is feeling connected with your therapist. I'll first work with you on building that connection by listening and trying to understanding your feelings and experiences. We will also work collaboratively to understand patterns in your relationships and past experiences that help shape your current situation and behaviors. Coming to a better understanding of yourself, your feelings and behaviors is the first order of change.
An important part of successful therapy is feeling connected with your therapist. I'll first work with you on building that connection by listening and trying to understanding your feelings and experiences. We will also work collaboratively to understand patterns in your relationships and past experiences that help shape your current situation and behaviors. Coming to a better understanding of yourself, your feelings and behaviors is the first order of change.
(914) 371-3034 View (914) 371-3034
Photo of Johndavid Gonzalez, LCSW, PLLC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Johndavid Gonzalez
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, PLLC
Verified Verified
Irvington, NY 10533
Not accepting new clients
My role as a therapist is not to provide answers, but to help guide you towards your own solutions. I believe I have a down to earth personality with a clinically-appropriate sense of humor. I have helped clients suffering from grief and loss, substance abuse and anxiety-related issues. The loss of someone we love is one of the hardest things we encounter in our lives, in my opinion. How people experience grief and loss is different for everyone. There is no right or wrong. Having a safe place to talk about this experience doesn't make the hurt go away, but it does help with moving forward.
My role as a therapist is not to provide answers, but to help guide you towards your own solutions. I believe I have a down to earth personality with a clinically-appropriate sense of humor. I have helped clients suffering from grief and loss, substance abuse and anxiety-related issues. The loss of someone we love is one of the hardest things we encounter in our lives, in my opinion. How people experience grief and loss is different for everyone. There is no right or wrong. Having a safe place to talk about this experience doesn't make the hurt go away, but it does help with moving forward.
(914) 685-5451 View (914) 685-5451
Photo of Adrienne W. Katzow, PhD, Psychologist
Adrienne W. Katzow
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Irvington, NY 10533
I work with adults with a variety of concerns related to anxiety, depression, relationship difficulties, life transitions and loss. My therapeutic style is empathic, open and interactive. I strive to create a supportive and collaborative space where you feel empowered to make meaningful and lasting changes in your life.
I work with adults with a variety of concerns related to anxiety, depression, relationship difficulties, life transitions and loss. My therapeutic style is empathic, open and interactive. I strive to create a supportive and collaborative space where you feel empowered to make meaningful and lasting changes in your life.
(914) 533-1114 View (914) 533-1114
Photo of Amy Bernstein, LCSW-R, SEP, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Amy Bernstein
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-R, SEP
Verified Verified
Irvington, NY 10533
Making the decision to change takes courage. When that change involves our private inner world, it takes the most courage of all. My work is centered on helping clients gain freedom from the complaints that brought them in. My aim is to be an unwavering ally and partner in this journey. We will work together to dismantle belief and behavior patterns that interfere with finding joy and the freedom to live as fully as possible. My areas of specialty are relationship difficulties, life transitions, anxiety, trauma, problematic behaviors with food, and out-of-control behaviors of all kind.
Making the decision to change takes courage. When that change involves our private inner world, it takes the most courage of all. My work is centered on helping clients gain freedom from the complaints that brought them in. My aim is to be an unwavering ally and partner in this journey. We will work together to dismantle belief and behavior patterns that interfere with finding joy and the freedom to live as fully as possible. My areas of specialty are relationship difficulties, life transitions, anxiety, trauma, problematic behaviors with food, and out-of-control behaviors of all kind.
(917) 746-7306 View (917) 746-7306
Photo of Hope Goshea, LMSW, Pre-Licensed Professional
Hope Goshea
Pre-Licensed Professional, LMSW
Verified Verified
Irvington, NY 10533
Hello and Welcome! I am a therapist with An Unwinding Path and am here to help you resolve emotional issues that are interfering with you enjoying your best life. I believe with the right supports all of us can live an emotionally healthy life. I am caring, compassionate, empathetic and creative, all of which allows me to empower you to make changes, grow and move forward to meet your needs and wants. Since being licensed in 2010, most of the people I have worked with are dealing with anxiety, depression, life changes and everyday life issues. We will work together, as a team; you will never be going through this alone.
Hello and Welcome! I am a therapist with An Unwinding Path and am here to help you resolve emotional issues that are interfering with you enjoying your best life. I believe with the right supports all of us can live an emotionally healthy life. I am caring, compassionate, empathetic and creative, all of which allows me to empower you to make changes, grow and move forward to meet your needs and wants. Since being licensed in 2010, most of the people I have worked with are dealing with anxiety, depression, life changes and everyday life issues. We will work together, as a team; you will never be going through this alone.
(914) 300-1919 View (914) 300-1919
Photo of Emily Masuch, MS, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Emily Masuch
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MS, LCSW
Verified Verified
Irvington, NY 10533  (Online Only)
Does life feel like it's piling up and you are stuck? Have you had a recent life transitions such as moving, career change, relationship shift or are experiencing difficulties in parenthood? Is your mental health keeping you from moving forward? Do you want to take back control and learn new coping strategies without judgment?
Does life feel like it's piling up and you are stuck? Have you had a recent life transitions such as moving, career change, relationship shift or are experiencing difficulties in parenthood? Is your mental health keeping you from moving forward? Do you want to take back control and learn new coping strategies without judgment?
(914) 758-0380 View (914) 758-0380
Photo of Maria Graceffa, LMHC, Counselor
Maria Graceffa
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Irvington, NY 10533  (Online Only)
Everyone tells you how impressive you are. Your coworkers are always asking for your advice and praising your accomplishments. Friends wonder aloud how you easily maintain such a beautiful home and happy family. Your life seems perfect (but “seems” is the operative word.) The truth is, you feel like you’re barely holding it all together. That shiny, flawless veneer hides a far darker reality. You're constantly burdened by a deep sadness and overwhelming anxiety. You live in fear that you’ll be exposed as an imposter. You desperately want to tell people how you’re feeling, but how could they understand when you seem to “have it all”?
Everyone tells you how impressive you are. Your coworkers are always asking for your advice and praising your accomplishments. Friends wonder aloud how you easily maintain such a beautiful home and happy family. Your life seems perfect (but “seems” is the operative word.) The truth is, you feel like you’re barely holding it all together. That shiny, flawless veneer hides a far darker reality. You're constantly burdened by a deep sadness and overwhelming anxiety. You live in fear that you’ll be exposed as an imposter. You desperately want to tell people how you’re feeling, but how could they understand when you seem to “have it all”?
(914) 685-9858 View (914) 685-9858
Photo of Christopher Libby, PhD, Psychologist
Christopher Libby
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Irvington, NY 10533
I am a clinical psychologist who primarily uses Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT). I work with clients of all ages-- I completed my doctoral training with a specialty in working with children and families, but I enjoy working with adults equally. In addition to my private practice, I serve as a supervisor, Assistant Clinic Director, and Coordinator of the DBT Program at Westchester Jewish Community Services (WJCS). There I have been involved in training doctoral students in clinical psychology for the last 11 years.
I am a clinical psychologist who primarily uses Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT). I work with clients of all ages-- I completed my doctoral training with a specialty in working with children and families, but I enjoy working with adults equally. In addition to my private practice, I serve as a supervisor, Assistant Clinic Director, and Coordinator of the DBT Program at Westchester Jewish Community Services (WJCS). There I have been involved in training doctoral students in clinical psychology for the last 11 years.
(917) 809-6532 View (917) 809-6532
1

See more therapy options for Irvington

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Irvington, NY

70+

Average cost per session

$200

Therapists in Irvington, NY who prioritize treating:

96% Anxiety
92% Depression
81% Relationship Issues
78% Self Esteem
62% Coping Skills
61% Grief
61% Stress

Average years in practice

17 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

74% Aetna
59% Cigna and Evernorth
59% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Irvington, NY see their clients

73% In Person and Online
27% Online Only

Gender breakdown

81% Female
19% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Irvington?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.