Therapists in West Springfield, MA

Photo of Paige Couture, Marriage & Family Therapist, MEd, LMFT
Paige Couture
Marriage & Family Therapist, MEd, LMFT
Verified Verified
Online Only
Life can feel hard, overwhelming, and lonely as we experience so many challenges throughout the years. Asking for help can feel hard and yet here you are advocating for yourself or someone you love, seeking support through the hard times. I applaud you for taking this first step. There are a variety of reasons you may be here. Maybe you're struggling with recent loss or you're in a time of transition in your life, managing symptoms of anxiety or post-partum depression, struggling with low self-esteem or managing anger. Regardless of what brings you here, I am here to invite you to begin your journey towards healing and resolution.
Life can feel hard, overwhelming, and lonely as we experience so many challenges throughout the years. Asking for help can feel hard and yet here you are advocating for yourself or someone you love, seeking support through the hard times. I applaud you for taking this first step. There are a variety of reasons you may be here. Maybe you're struggling with recent loss or you're in a time of transition in your life, managing symptoms of anxiety or post-partum depression, struggling with low self-esteem or managing anger. Regardless of what brings you here, I am here to invite you to begin your journey towards healing and resolution.
(413) 798-8613 View (413) 798-8613
Photo of Kathleen Morrissey, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW, PTA
Kathleen Morrissey
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW, PTA
Verified Verified
West Springfield, MA 01089
Our lives can be difficult and demanding. Sometimes we do not receive the support that we need or would like to have. Life changing circumstances, whether recent or long standing, can result in feelings of anxiety, depression, anger and fatigue affecting your quality of life, your relationships and managing from day to day. When feeling overwhelmed coping can become difficult. I am also a guide and life coach who will assist you on your journey. I will help you to find resolve for your concerns, begin to imagine positive changes that will benefit you and create the life you wish to have.
Our lives can be difficult and demanding. Sometimes we do not receive the support that we need or would like to have. Life changing circumstances, whether recent or long standing, can result in feelings of anxiety, depression, anger and fatigue affecting your quality of life, your relationships and managing from day to day. When feeling overwhelmed coping can become difficult. I am also a guide and life coach who will assist you on your journey. I will help you to find resolve for your concerns, begin to imagine positive changes that will benefit you and create the life you wish to have.
(413) 455-1532 View (413) 455-1532
Photo of Jillian Hemmelgarn, Counselor, LMHC
Jillian Hemmelgarn
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Online Only
I believe that finding and connecting with the right therapist, is one of the most important steps to making an effective therapeutic process. I am a licensed cognitive behavioral therapist with 16 yrs of experience in the Western Massachusetts area and I provide an understanding, collaborative, and safe environment for my clients. As a therapist, I seek to help you obtain appropriate tools to address your concerns, balance your emotional experiences, feel stronger, empowered, have more self-awareness, and guide you to make new, positive and more productive choices.
I believe that finding and connecting with the right therapist, is one of the most important steps to making an effective therapeutic process. I am a licensed cognitive behavioral therapist with 16 yrs of experience in the Western Massachusetts area and I provide an understanding, collaborative, and safe environment for my clients. As a therapist, I seek to help you obtain appropriate tools to address your concerns, balance your emotional experiences, feel stronger, empowered, have more self-awareness, and guide you to make new, positive and more productive choices.
(413) 350-1030 View (413) 350-1030
Photo of Laurie J. Chabot - Laurie J. Chabot, Counselor, LMHC
Laurie J. Chabot
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
West Springfield, MA 01089
Accepting New Clients! I am a Licensed Psychotherapist and enjoy working collaboratively with adults of all ages. I have experience in working with diverse populations and issues. I am committed to equality and respect for all ethnic, racial, and lifestyle backgrounds. I provide a warm, caring, and nonjudgmental environment and I’m passionate about helping you enhance your personal growth. My goal is to assist you in reaching the highest level of functioning possible and help you move toward a more satisfying, fulfilling life.
Accepting New Clients! I am a Licensed Psychotherapist and enjoy working collaboratively with adults of all ages. I have experience in working with diverse populations and issues. I am committed to equality and respect for all ethnic, racial, and lifestyle backgrounds. I provide a warm, caring, and nonjudgmental environment and I’m passionate about helping you enhance your personal growth. My goal is to assist you in reaching the highest level of functioning possible and help you move toward a more satisfying, fulfilling life.
(413) 337-3064 View (413) 337-3064
Photo of Therese Katherine Sarnelli, Counselor, MEd , LMHC, LCPC
Therese Katherine Sarnelli
Counselor, MEd , LMHC, LCPC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
West Springfield, MA 01089
Waitlist for new clients
Please allow me to introduce myself. I have been working with young adults and adults for over ten years. I have worked with veterans, first responders, those with disabilities. My specialties include but not limited to Sexual Trauma, Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, Traumatic Brain Injury, Depression and Anxiety. I have been certified through the VA/Springfield Vet Center for specialized training, in Military Sexual Trauma (MST). In the past, I interned at the Springfield Vet Center offering readjustment counseling to combat vet’s and their families.
Please allow me to introduce myself. I have been working with young adults and adults for over ten years. I have worked with veterans, first responders, those with disabilities. My specialties include but not limited to Sexual Trauma, Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, Traumatic Brain Injury, Depression and Anxiety. I have been certified through the VA/Springfield Vet Center for specialized training, in Military Sexual Trauma (MST). In the past, I interned at the Springfield Vet Center offering readjustment counseling to combat vet’s and their families.
(413) 287-1420 View (413) 287-1420
Photo of Rondey A Allen - CrossPoint Clinical Services, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
CrossPoint Clinical Services
Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
West Springfield, MA 01089
Looking for Christian a Christian counselor? CrossPoint Clinical Services is a multifaceted clinical agency that aims to provide the highest quality clinical services, including individual, couples and family psychotherapy, quality psycho-educational groups, workshops and consultation services. Our team consists of independently licensed mental health clinicians with a wealth of experience in a variety of secular settings. We are an interdenominational non profit organization employing believers from a variety of Christian faith communities.
Looking for Christian a Christian counselor? CrossPoint Clinical Services is a multifaceted clinical agency that aims to provide the highest quality clinical services, including individual, couples and family psychotherapy, quality psycho-educational groups, workshops and consultation services. Our team consists of independently licensed mental health clinicians with a wealth of experience in a variety of secular settings. We are an interdenominational non profit organization employing believers from a variety of Christian faith communities.
(413) 384-5015 x1001 View (413) 384-5015 x1001
Photo of Cari Chapderlane-Cox, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, LCSW
Cari Chapderlane-Cox
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Online Only
Cari is dedicated to increasing the functioning, self-determination, and stability of youth, adults, and families struggling with disabilities and complex mental health needs. I have a solid background working with children and young adults but have also worked with individuals of all ages. have a history of and passion for working with individuals diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder and the families supporting them. I am Committed to therapeutic practice that fosters diversity and inclusion. I have worked closely to advocate for LGBTQ rights and have comprehensive knowledge regarding the clinical needs of LGBTQ individuals.
Cari is dedicated to increasing the functioning, self-determination, and stability of youth, adults, and families struggling with disabilities and complex mental health needs. I have a solid background working with children and young adults but have also worked with individuals of all ages. have a history of and passion for working with individuals diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder and the families supporting them. I am Committed to therapeutic practice that fosters diversity and inclusion. I have worked closely to advocate for LGBTQ rights and have comprehensive knowledge regarding the clinical needs of LGBTQ individuals.
(413) 300-6761 View (413) 300-6761
Photo of Crystal Richey, Counselor, LMHC
Crystal Richey
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Online Only
At Abundantly You Counseling Services, LLC, my goal is to help prospective clients realize they can lead fully abundant lives despite past traumas and/or current life stressors. Through culturally sensitive and trauma informed practices, my aim is to guide you through this therapeutic journey.
At Abundantly You Counseling Services, LLC, my goal is to help prospective clients realize they can lead fully abundant lives despite past traumas and/or current life stressors. Through culturally sensitive and trauma informed practices, my aim is to guide you through this therapeutic journey.
(413) 307-8073 View (413) 307-8073
Photo of Lindsay Thompson, Counselor, LMHC
Lindsay Thompson
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
West Springfield, MA 01089
Lindsay will be with you in your emotions and accept where you are. You may be seeking therapy for change, and wanting to find your path and what feels right to you. Or you might not know exactly what you need, but you know something is just not feeling right, and that is okay to not have all the answers right now. Lindsay is here to support you, offer guidance and help you reach your goals. She offers a safe space to process emotions, utilizes person-centered therapy, and a variety of therapeutic methods to match your needs. She offers a personalized approach to therapy, knowing there is not a one size fits all method.
Lindsay will be with you in your emotions and accept where you are. You may be seeking therapy for change, and wanting to find your path and what feels right to you. Or you might not know exactly what you need, but you know something is just not feeling right, and that is okay to not have all the answers right now. Lindsay is here to support you, offer guidance and help you reach your goals. She offers a safe space to process emotions, utilizes person-centered therapy, and a variety of therapeutic methods to match your needs. She offers a personalized approach to therapy, knowing there is not a one size fits all method.
(413) 288-4207 View (413) 288-4207
Photo of Devon Bausch, Psychologist, PhD
Devon Bausch
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Online Only
*Not Accepting New Clients At This Time* Dr. Bausch offers patient-centered psychotherapy to all people who feel their lives need improvement in some way and would like help in this process. Whether you are new to therapy or have had therapy before, people may seek therapy services to reduce feelings of: sadness, worry, anger, trauma, low self-esteem, unhealthy ways of coping, job/school burnout, or difficulty to adjust to unfair life situations. The goal of therapy is to move towards self-discovery, healing, and change! Dr. Bausch primarily provides individual therapy to adults.
*Not Accepting New Clients At This Time* Dr. Bausch offers patient-centered psychotherapy to all people who feel their lives need improvement in some way and would like help in this process. Whether you are new to therapy or have had therapy before, people may seek therapy services to reduce feelings of: sadness, worry, anger, trauma, low self-esteem, unhealthy ways of coping, job/school burnout, or difficulty to adjust to unfair life situations. The goal of therapy is to move towards self-discovery, healing, and change! Dr. Bausch primarily provides individual therapy to adults.
(413) 287-1307 View (413) 287-1307
Photo of Luis Torres - Inspira Counseling Center, LMHC
Inspira Counseling Center
LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
West Springfield, MA 01089
At Inspira Counseling Center, we serve a diverse population with a wide range of needs. Our experienced therapists specialize in helping individuals manage anxiety, ADHD, and women's issues, including infertility and perinatal concerns. We also focus on assisting young professionals navigate the stresses of college and work. Whether you are seeking support for mental health challenges or life transitions, our compassionate team is here to help.
At Inspira Counseling Center, we serve a diverse population with a wide range of needs. Our experienced therapists specialize in helping individuals manage anxiety, ADHD, and women's issues, including infertility and perinatal concerns. We also focus on assisting young professionals navigate the stresses of college and work. Whether you are seeking support for mental health challenges or life transitions, our compassionate team is here to help.
(413) 356-6687 View (413) 356-6687
Photo of Elizabeth Imelio, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Elizabeth Imelio
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
West Springfield, MA 01089
Elizabeth is a Licensed Independent Clinical Social Worker who utilizes a trauma informed, person centered approach to therapy. Elizabeth provides a warm, empathetic, safe and affirming space to all individuals. She is committed to helping individuals identify their goals and create a life worth living. Elizabeth utilizes aspects of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT) and Solution Focused Therapy with an easy going style to help individuals reach their full potential.
Elizabeth is a Licensed Independent Clinical Social Worker who utilizes a trauma informed, person centered approach to therapy. Elizabeth provides a warm, empathetic, safe and affirming space to all individuals. She is committed to helping individuals identify their goals and create a life worth living. Elizabeth utilizes aspects of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT) and Solution Focused Therapy with an easy going style to help individuals reach their full potential.
(413) 216-3989 View (413) 216-3989
Photo of Cynthia A Swan, Counselor, MEd, MA, LMHC, MFT
Cynthia A Swan
Counselor, MEd, MA, LMHC, MFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
West Springfield, MA 01089
You are worthy of overcoming whatever issues you face and whatever mistakes you have made.
You are worthy of overcoming whatever issues you face and whatever mistakes you have made.
(413) 343-4218 View (413) 343-4218
Photo of Amy Baker, Counselor, MEd, LMHC
Amy Baker
Counselor, MEd, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
West Springfield, MA 01089
I am currently offering telehealth sessions! Reaching out for help is often very difficult. I want to invite you to a trusting therapeutic setting set to promote health and healing. People often engage in therapy for a variety reasons. Some people seek resolutions to conflict and challenges while others seek to find meaning in their lives. Each person and their course of treatment is unique and I will work closely and collaboratively with you. My practice encompasses adults, teens, families, and couples. I have worked with a variety of presenting issues. I offer short and long term therapy tailored to your needs.
I am currently offering telehealth sessions! Reaching out for help is often very difficult. I want to invite you to a trusting therapeutic setting set to promote health and healing. People often engage in therapy for a variety reasons. Some people seek resolutions to conflict and challenges while others seek to find meaning in their lives. Each person and their course of treatment is unique and I will work closely and collaboratively with you. My practice encompasses adults, teens, families, and couples. I have worked with a variety of presenting issues. I offer short and long term therapy tailored to your needs.
(413) 259-0354 View (413) 259-0354
Photo of Rhonda L Ward, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Rhonda L Ward
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
West Springfield, MA 01089
Feeling stressed, overwhelmed, depressed, anxious? Having a hard time focusing and concentrating? Perhaps your life isn't going in the direction you had hoped it would. Life can get difficult at times…. Therapy can offer many opportunities to help relieve emotional pain, to improve our relationships, to overcome the ways we feel stuck, and ultimately to build a more meaningful life as we come to understand ourselves more deeply. I am a neurodiversity-affirming therapist. I specialize in ADHD, Anxiety, Autism, Sensory challenges, Trauma, Family and couple support.
Feeling stressed, overwhelmed, depressed, anxious? Having a hard time focusing and concentrating? Perhaps your life isn't going in the direction you had hoped it would. Life can get difficult at times…. Therapy can offer many opportunities to help relieve emotional pain, to improve our relationships, to overcome the ways we feel stuck, and ultimately to build a more meaningful life as we come to understand ourselves more deeply. I am a neurodiversity-affirming therapist. I specialize in ADHD, Anxiety, Autism, Sensory challenges, Trauma, Family and couple support.
(413) 216-4685 View (413) 216-4685
Photo of Natalie Zombik, Counselor, MA, LMHC
Natalie Zombik
Counselor, MA, LMHC
Verified Verified
West Springfield, MA 01089
Are you struggling with depression, anxiety, trauma, or grief? Are the challenges of life affecting your family, relationships, or personal goals?
Are you struggling with depression, anxiety, trauma, or grief? Are the challenges of life affecting your family, relationships, or personal goals?
(413) 331-7854 View (413) 331-7854
Photo of Christian D Smith, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-CT, LICSW
Christian D Smith
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-CT, LICSW
Verified Verified
Online Only
As a Black male therapist, I understand the unique challenges that come with navigating identity, systemic inequities, and societal expectations. I work primarily with emerging adults to middle-aged adults, particularly Black-identifying clients and people of color, helping them explore identity formation, build resilience, and overcome life’s challenges. My own experiences have shaped my belief in the power we all have to overcome adversity, and I am passionate about helping others find their strength and reach beyond their current circumstances.
As a Black male therapist, I understand the unique challenges that come with navigating identity, systemic inequities, and societal expectations. I work primarily with emerging adults to middle-aged adults, particularly Black-identifying clients and people of color, helping them explore identity formation, build resilience, and overcome life’s challenges. My own experiences have shaped my belief in the power we all have to overcome adversity, and I am passionate about helping others find their strength and reach beyond their current circumstances.
(413) 547-4799 View (413) 547-4799
Photo of Eileen Garrigan - Thriveworks Counseling&Psychiatry West Springfield, Counselor
At Thriveworks, we're dedicated to providing top-tier mental health services that are easily accessible to everyone. With over 340 locations nationwide and flexible online therapy options, our professional therapists are equipped to assist you through any stress, life transitions, or ongoing mental health concerns. We prioritize your convenience and needs by offering flexible scheduling, including evening and weekend appointments, ensuring that you can start your therapy journey as early as this week. Plus, we accept most major insurance plans, making your path to mental health support smoother and more affordable.
At Thriveworks, we're dedicated to providing top-tier mental health services that are easily accessible to everyone. With over 340 locations nationwide and flexible online therapy options, our professional therapists are equipped to assist you through any stress, life transitions, or ongoing mental health concerns. We prioritize your convenience and needs by offering flexible scheduling, including evening and weekend appointments, ensuring that you can start your therapy journey as early as this week. Plus, we accept most major insurance plans, making your path to mental health support smoother and more affordable.
(413) 307-8154 View (413) 307-8154
Photo of Gregory Handel - Handel Behavioral Health West Springfield, Psychologist, PhD
Handel Behavioral Health West Springfield
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Online Only
We may be facing relational tensions, career transitions, challenges with addiction, or feeling anxious and depressed but unsure of the cause. No matter what we’re struggling with, we all need a person we can talk honestly and openly about our lives with. Our therapists at Handel Behavioral Health in West Springfield are here to guide you in a collaborative way to a place of connection, understanding, and growth. As you work with one of our therapists, you will cultivate self-awareness to examine with compassion and honesty, your inner strengths to meet life’s challenges, as well as the old patterns that may be delaying your growth.
We may be facing relational tensions, career transitions, challenges with addiction, or feeling anxious and depressed but unsure of the cause. No matter what we’re struggling with, we all need a person we can talk honestly and openly about our lives with. Our therapists at Handel Behavioral Health in West Springfield are here to guide you in a collaborative way to a place of connection, understanding, and growth. As you work with one of our therapists, you will cultivate self-awareness to examine with compassion and honesty, your inner strengths to meet life’s challenges, as well as the old patterns that may be delaying your growth.
(413) 216-6428 View (413) 216-6428
Photo of Dr. Alex Rivera-Fernandez, Drug & Alcohol Counselor, PhD, LADC 1
Dr. Alex Rivera-Fernandez
Drug & Alcohol Counselor, PhD, LADC 1
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Dr. Alex is a doctoral-level psychotherapist with a master's in psychology and a post-doctoral re-specialization in psychology, with an emphasis on health psychology, substance abuse, and addiction. Dr. Alex holds graduate-level specializations in conflict mediation and alternative dispute resolution, emphasizing couples and family mediation. Dr. Alex also completed the Gottman Method for Couples Therapy Certifications Levels 1 and 2, which allows the process to integrate a holistic approach to couples' mediation and conflict resolution. Dr. Alex has over 20 years of experience working in the mental health field.
Dr. Alex is a doctoral-level psychotherapist with a master's in psychology and a post-doctoral re-specialization in psychology, with an emphasis on health psychology, substance abuse, and addiction. Dr. Alex holds graduate-level specializations in conflict mediation and alternative dispute resolution, emphasizing couples and family mediation. Dr. Alex also completed the Gottman Method for Couples Therapy Certifications Levels 1 and 2, which allows the process to integrate a holistic approach to couples' mediation and conflict resolution. Dr. Alex has over 20 years of experience working in the mental health field.
(413) 307-3703 View (413) 307-3703
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See more therapy options for West Springfield

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in West Springfield, MA

100+

Average cost per session

$149

Therapists in West Springfield, MA who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
91% Depression
74% Trauma and PTSD
66% Self Esteem
62% Relationship Issues
60% Coping Skills
59% Grief

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

94% BlueCross and BlueShield
72% Aetna
71% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in West Springfield, MA see their clients

62% In Person and Online
38% Online Only

Gender breakdown

78% Female
21% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in West Springfield?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.