Therapists in Holyoke, MA

Photo of Ramon Lorenzi - Lorenzi Health, LLC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Lorenzi Health, LLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Holyoke, MA 01040
What is IHT? IHT is a family-driven, strengths-based, outcomes-based family therapy model that takes place in the family’s home. One youth in the home is enrolled with IHT, but IHT works with the whole family. IHT provides intensive family therapy to assist in managing behavioral, emotional, relationship, and other needs within the family system. IHT is a team-based model including a Clinician and a Therapeutic Training and Support (TT&S) worker. The Clinician provides family therapy and leads treatment planning.
What is IHT? IHT is a family-driven, strengths-based, outcomes-based family therapy model that takes place in the family’s home. One youth in the home is enrolled with IHT, but IHT works with the whole family. IHT provides intensive family therapy to assist in managing behavioral, emotional, relationship, and other needs within the family system. IHT is a team-based model including a Clinician and a Therapeutic Training and Support (TT&S) worker. The Clinician provides family therapy and leads treatment planning.
(413) 307-3088 View (413) 307-3088
Photo of Tricia Fitzgerald, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Tricia Fitzgerald
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Online Only
I am a part of Lorenzi Health, a private group practice serving MA and CT. To get connected, you can contact me via phone or email as indicated in my profile or you can submit a referral by completing this form: OP Referral which will submit the referral directly to the practice. Whichever you choose, you will then be contacted by our intake department. If, for any reason, I am not available to take on new clients, you will be connected with another therapist within the practice who would be a good fit. Thank you! We look forward to working with you!
I am a part of Lorenzi Health, a private group practice serving MA and CT. To get connected, you can contact me via phone or email as indicated in my profile or you can submit a referral by completing this form: OP Referral which will submit the referral directly to the practice. Whichever you choose, you will then be contacted by our intake department. If, for any reason, I am not available to take on new clients, you will be connected with another therapist within the practice who would be a good fit. Thank you! We look forward to working with you!
(413) 848-6952 x4 View (413) 848-6952 x4
Photo of Anna Kelly, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Anna Kelly
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Not accepting new clients
Imagine feeling better. There are many routes to this. Together, we can figure out what path works for you. I am warm and can be funny if you like, but I take you very seriously and want you to feel better. Parents, children of aging parents, folks dealing with present day stress or trying to challenge old patterns, many will find that more is possible when you let a caring and skillful person hold some of your stuff with you. Together we can create a space of safety and trust where you can get in touch with vulnerable pieces of yourself that need some attention. I would be truly honored to share that space with you.
Imagine feeling better. There are many routes to this. Together, we can figure out what path works for you. I am warm and can be funny if you like, but I take you very seriously and want you to feel better. Parents, children of aging parents, folks dealing with present day stress or trying to challenge old patterns, many will find that more is possible when you let a caring and skillful person hold some of your stuff with you. Together we can create a space of safety and trust where you can get in touch with vulnerable pieces of yourself that need some attention. I would be truly honored to share that space with you.
(413) 307-8117 View (413) 307-8117
Photo of Nancy Lynne Lautenbach, Counselor, MA, LMHC, ATR
Nancy Lynne Lautenbach
Counselor, MA, LMHC, ATR
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Immediate Availability For New Clients. My goal as a therapist is to empower clients to seek and find their own personal truth. I believe the client is the expert of their experience and needs merely guidance and support to address their own issues. Do you feel you could benefit from a heart-felt presence and warmth, with an emphasis on the skill of listening? Are you desiring change and transformation? The body can sometimes tell the story that words cannot. If you desire healing through art, I incorporate art therapy, writing and movement-based experiences to support clients with accessing their own internal wisdom.
Immediate Availability For New Clients. My goal as a therapist is to empower clients to seek and find their own personal truth. I believe the client is the expert of their experience and needs merely guidance and support to address their own issues. Do you feel you could benefit from a heart-felt presence and warmth, with an emphasis on the skill of listening? Are you desiring change and transformation? The body can sometimes tell the story that words cannot. If you desire healing through art, I incorporate art therapy, writing and movement-based experiences to support clients with accessing their own internal wisdom.
(413) 300-6925 View (413) 300-6925
Photo of Hayley Greland - Hayley Greland LMHC, Counselor, LMHC
Hayley Greland LMHC
Counselor, LMHC
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Waitlist for new clients
As a member of the LGBTQ+ community myself, I am passionate about providing care in a space where the client’s full range of identity can be expressed and embraced. I am sex positive and kink friendly. I am work with people of all relationship structures. I am a compassionate and dedicated therapist who works from a trauma-informed lens to provide affirming care for my clients. Together we look back to see how to move forward.
As a member of the LGBTQ+ community myself, I am passionate about providing care in a space where the client’s full range of identity can be expressed and embraced. I am sex positive and kink friendly. I am work with people of all relationship structures. I am a compassionate and dedicated therapist who works from a trauma-informed lens to provide affirming care for my clients. Together we look back to see how to move forward.
(413) 269-8424 View (413) 269-8424
Photo of Elizabeth Kelley, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW, LCSW, CADC
Elizabeth Kelley
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW, LCSW, CADC
1 Endorsed
Online Only
I work with individuals seeking deep, holistic healing through a whole health and wellness approach. I support clients in navigating trauma, anxiety, emotional dysregulation, life transitions, and substance use. My ideal clients are ready to move beyond surface-level coping and seek personalized support that nurtures mind, body and spirit. Together, we build resilience, restore balance, and cultivate lasting emotional well-being.
I work with individuals seeking deep, holistic healing through a whole health and wellness approach. I support clients in navigating trauma, anxiety, emotional dysregulation, life transitions, and substance use. My ideal clients are ready to move beyond surface-level coping and seek personalized support that nurtures mind, body and spirit. Together, we build resilience, restore balance, and cultivate lasting emotional well-being.
(413) 595-2067 View (413) 595-2067
Photo of Elaine Campbell - River Valley Counseling Center, Psychologist, Psy D, LICSW, LMHC
River Valley Counseling Center
Psychologist, Psy D, LICSW, LMHC
Holyoke, MA 01040
RVCC is a multi-service community-based mental health agency serving the Pioneer Valley since 1953. RVCC offers counseling and medication management at offices located in offices located in Holyoke, Chicopee, Easthampton, Springfield, and Westfield. RVCC also provides counseling in schools throughout Hampden and Hampshire Counties and on the campuses of Springfield Technical Community College and Bay Path University.
RVCC is a multi-service community-based mental health agency serving the Pioneer Valley since 1953. RVCC offers counseling and medication management at offices located in offices located in Holyoke, Chicopee, Easthampton, Springfield, and Westfield. RVCC also provides counseling in schools throughout Hampden and Hampshire Counties and on the campuses of Springfield Technical Community College and Bay Path University.
(413) 289-5007 View (413) 289-5007
Photo of Rachel M Murphy, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Rachel M Murphy
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Not accepting new clients
We all need a little help sometimes. Maybe you are seeking clarity, focus and a path forward. Maybe you are coping with a loss, change or life transition. Maybe you are caring for a loved one with dementia or chronic medical conditions or, maybe you yourself have been dealing with a new or chronic condition. Maybe you just feel “blah” and want to feel better! If any of this sounds like you, I would love to help you on a path to improved coping and sense of well-being. Together we will sort out what is important to you and figure out how to put yourself on your own priority list.
We all need a little help sometimes. Maybe you are seeking clarity, focus and a path forward. Maybe you are coping with a loss, change or life transition. Maybe you are caring for a loved one with dementia or chronic medical conditions or, maybe you yourself have been dealing with a new or chronic condition. Maybe you just feel “blah” and want to feel better! If any of this sounds like you, I would love to help you on a path to improved coping and sense of well-being. Together we will sort out what is important to you and figure out how to put yourself on your own priority list.
(413) 798-8807 View (413) 798-8807
Photo of Yasmine Perenna, Counselor, ATR-BC, LMHC, LPC, LCAT
Yasmine Perenna
Counselor, ATR-BC, LMHC, LPC, LCAT
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Hi there! I’m an Art Therapist working with adults facing challenges with depression, anxiety, stress, grief and loss, life transitions, parenting, caregiver burnout, relationship issues and more. My practice blends traditional talk therapy, mindfulness, and the expressive arts to support and empower my clients. I use a gentle and authentic approach to therapy, and believe in meeting each person where they are. As a queer therapist, I am proud to serve and celebrate my LGBTQIA+ community.
Hi there! I’m an Art Therapist working with adults facing challenges with depression, anxiety, stress, grief and loss, life transitions, parenting, caregiver burnout, relationship issues and more. My practice blends traditional talk therapy, mindfulness, and the expressive arts to support and empower my clients. I use a gentle and authentic approach to therapy, and believe in meeting each person where they are. As a queer therapist, I am proud to serve and celebrate my LGBTQIA+ community.
(413) 203-4678 View (413) 203-4678
Photo of Morgan Supiro-Berg, Counselor, LMHC, MEd, MA
Morgan Supiro-Berg
Counselor, LMHC, MEd, MA
3 Endorsed
Online Only
Waitlist for new clients
Mental health issues are as unique as the person going through them. It can be frustrating or frightening when no cookie cutter treatment works for everyone. I believe that we often receive oppressive and harmful messages that can lead to mistaken beliefs about ourselves and get in the way of achieving a meaningful and fulfilling existence. If you feel lost or overwhelmed by the weight of the world, I can support you with deconstructing damaging thoughts, emotions and experiences to find empowerment in yourself and move forward as the expert in your life. I strive to make therapy an insightful and uplifting experience for all.
Mental health issues are as unique as the person going through them. It can be frustrating or frightening when no cookie cutter treatment works for everyone. I believe that we often receive oppressive and harmful messages that can lead to mistaken beliefs about ourselves and get in the way of achieving a meaningful and fulfilling existence. If you feel lost or overwhelmed by the weight of the world, I can support you with deconstructing damaging thoughts, emotions and experiences to find empowerment in yourself and move forward as the expert in your life. I strive to make therapy an insightful and uplifting experience for all.
(413) 300-5876 View (413) 300-5876
Photo of Cristina Rivera, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Cristina Rivera
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
1 Endorsed
Online Only
I'm passionate about creating a space where people feel heard and supported. I specialize in working with women navigating early adulthood through midlife transitions who are feeling overwhelmed, anxious, or emotionally stuck. This is often due to work, relationship stress, family dynamics, life transitions, or self-esteem challenges. My clients are often high-functioning but silently struggling with overthinking, low motivation, or a sense of disconnection. They’re ready to dive deeper, make meaningful changes, and start feeling like themselves again.
I'm passionate about creating a space where people feel heard and supported. I specialize in working with women navigating early adulthood through midlife transitions who are feeling overwhelmed, anxious, or emotionally stuck. This is often due to work, relationship stress, family dynamics, life transitions, or self-esteem challenges. My clients are often high-functioning but silently struggling with overthinking, low motivation, or a sense of disconnection. They’re ready to dive deeper, make meaningful changes, and start feeling like themselves again.
(413) 414-5728 View (413) 414-5728
Photo of Laurie Brown, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Laurie Brown
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Online Only
Are you feeling stuck, anxious, down, emotionally drained or overwhelmed? Maybe you're dealing with relationship issues, challenging life changes, navigating grief, past trauma, or just feeling off. Whatever your facing, you don’t have to face it all on your own. I’m here to support you. We’ll sort through your thoughts, emotions, stress, anxiety, and/or depression and find tools that actually help you cope & feel more in control. This is a space where you can explore what’s going on, at your own pace, with support that feels real and respectful. My goal is to help you feel more balanced, empowered, and connected to yourself again.
Are you feeling stuck, anxious, down, emotionally drained or overwhelmed? Maybe you're dealing with relationship issues, challenging life changes, navigating grief, past trauma, or just feeling off. Whatever your facing, you don’t have to face it all on your own. I’m here to support you. We’ll sort through your thoughts, emotions, stress, anxiety, and/or depression and find tools that actually help you cope & feel more in control. This is a space where you can explore what’s going on, at your own pace, with support that feels real and respectful. My goal is to help you feel more balanced, empowered, and connected to yourself again.
(413) 394-1986 View (413) 394-1986
Jennifer Elkas
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, 116548
Holyoke, MA 01040
I believe that, regardless of anything, we all need a little extra support at various times of our lives. Whether this is to get through an especially challenging time, get to know ourselves better, or to have an ear to listen and help us achieve our goals, my therapeutic style is to meet each individual where they are and to support them in gaining the confidence, tools, and skills to get to where they would like to be.
I believe that, regardless of anything, we all need a little extra support at various times of our lives. Whether this is to get through an especially challenging time, get to know ourselves better, or to have an ear to listen and help us achieve our goals, my therapeutic style is to meet each individual where they are and to support them in gaining the confidence, tools, and skills to get to where they would like to be.
(413) 269-5541 View (413) 269-5541
Photo of Jeanette Feliciano Rodriguez, Counselor, LMHC
Jeanette Feliciano Rodriguez
Counselor, LMHC
1 Endorsed
Online Only
¿Te sientes abrumado por el estrés, la ansiedad o los cambios en la vida? ¿Luchas con el trauma o con equilibrar tu salud mental y física? Te ofrezco un enfoque holístico para potenciar tu bienestar. Ya sea que estés manejando ansiedad, depresión, ADHD o desafíos emocionales, mi enfoque combina terapias basadas en evidencia como la Terapia Cognitivo-Conductual con estrategias de estilo de vida para mejorar la salud mental. Trabajo con adultos y niños (8 años en adelante), brindando atención personalizada que te ayudará a encontrar equilibrio en tu vida y lograr cambios duraderos.
¿Te sientes abrumado por el estrés, la ansiedad o los cambios en la vida? ¿Luchas con el trauma o con equilibrar tu salud mental y física? Te ofrezco un enfoque holístico para potenciar tu bienestar. Ya sea que estés manejando ansiedad, depresión, ADHD o desafíos emocionales, mi enfoque combina terapias basadas en evidencia como la Terapia Cognitivo-Conductual con estrategias de estilo de vida para mejorar la salud mental. Trabajo con adultos y niños (8 años en adelante), brindando atención personalizada que te ayudará a encontrar equilibrio en tu vida y lograr cambios duraderos.
(413) 423-0009 View (413) 423-0009
Photo of Lara Nichole Quiles - Mindful Therapy & Consulting Services, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, MA PGS, CDP
Mindful Therapy & Consulting Services
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, MA PGS, CDP
2 Endorsed
Online Only
With over a decade of experience as a Licensed Independent Clinical Social Worker (LICSW), I am dedicated to making the journey towards a better life more accessible. Through individual therapy services, I employ a strength-based and person-centered approach to equip clients with practical skills. My goal is to empower individuals to achieve a healthy lifestyle by overcoming obstacles and challenges.
With over a decade of experience as a Licensed Independent Clinical Social Worker (LICSW), I am dedicated to making the journey towards a better life more accessible. Through individual therapy services, I employ a strength-based and person-centered approach to equip clients with practical skills. My goal is to empower individuals to achieve a healthy lifestyle by overcoming obstacles and challenges.
(413) 675-5166 View (413) 675-5166
Photo of Kumbi Ushe, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MSW, MBA
Kumbi Ushe
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MSW, MBA
Holyoke, MA 01040
Through the use of trauma-attuned care and gentle exploration, I encourage clients to “feel the feels” and reclaim their role as the narrator of their life story. I believe it is never too late for a plot twist.
Through the use of trauma-attuned care and gentle exploration, I encourage clients to “feel the feels” and reclaim their role as the narrator of their life story. I believe it is never too late for a plot twist.
(413) 423-0489 View (413) 423-0489
Photo of Mary R Kolodny, Counselor, MA, LMHC
Mary R Kolodny
Counselor, MA, LMHC
Online Only
Waitlist for new clients
Whether you are facing a crisis, feeling a vague sense of unease, or suffering from long-standing issues with anxiety, depression, self-esteem, trauma, relationships, or addiction, I can help you find greater awareness and identify tools you can use to achieve healing and greater meaning in your individual journey through life. Using my expertise in applying cognitive, expressive, and mindfulness-based techniques, I can assist you in self-discovery, personal growth, and transformation of self-defeating attitudes and behavioral patterns. I now offer online counseling on a HIPAA-secure website, doxy.me and have availability.
Whether you are facing a crisis, feeling a vague sense of unease, or suffering from long-standing issues with anxiety, depression, self-esteem, trauma, relationships, or addiction, I can help you find greater awareness and identify tools you can use to achieve healing and greater meaning in your individual journey through life. Using my expertise in applying cognitive, expressive, and mindfulness-based techniques, I can assist you in self-discovery, personal growth, and transformation of self-defeating attitudes and behavioral patterns. I now offer online counseling on a HIPAA-secure website, doxy.me and have availability.
(857) 342-1817 View (857) 342-1817
Photo of Nathan Mark Laprade, Counselor, MA, LMHC
Nathan Mark Laprade
Counselor, MA, LMHC
Online Only
Helping clients navigate the journey from where they have been, to where they are, and toward where they want to go is central to my work as a licensed mental health counselor. Throughout my career, I have applied this approach to clients of diverse ages and backgrounds in settings such as veteran residential facilities and partial hospitalization group therapy programs. As a veteran myself, I draw upon my experience to guide others through life transitions, helping them find meaning and purpose in the entirety of their journeys. This commitment to fostering growth and understanding remains at the core of my practice.
Helping clients navigate the journey from where they have been, to where they are, and toward where they want to go is central to my work as a licensed mental health counselor. Throughout my career, I have applied this approach to clients of diverse ages and backgrounds in settings such as veteran residential facilities and partial hospitalization group therapy programs. As a veteran myself, I draw upon my experience to guide others through life transitions, helping them find meaning and purpose in the entirety of their journeys. This commitment to fostering growth and understanding remains at the core of my practice.
(413) 343-4671 View (413) 343-4671
Photo of Ronald Williams - Renewed Mind Body & Spirit Counseling, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, LADC1
Renewed Mind Body & Spirit Counseling
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, LADC1
Holyoke, MA 01040
Adversity and struggle are situations that are common. The goal to avoid both would be ideal but that is not reality. Peace and calmness in the mist of adversity and struggle is a possible reality and what we will strive to help you achieve. My approach is client centered and you are the expert of your life. Together we will take a nonjudgemental look at what is going on in your life, what is working for you and what is not. In a safe environment we will help you put together a game plan allowing you to see what you need to change in order to get to where you see yourself and where you want to be.
Adversity and struggle are situations that are common. The goal to avoid both would be ideal but that is not reality. Peace and calmness in the mist of adversity and struggle is a possible reality and what we will strive to help you achieve. My approach is client centered and you are the expert of your life. Together we will take a nonjudgemental look at what is going on in your life, what is working for you and what is not. In a safe environment we will help you put together a game plan allowing you to see what you need to change in order to get to where you see yourself and where you want to be.
(413) 296-2814 View (413) 296-2814
Photo of Jessica Prodis, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Jessica Prodis
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Holyoke, MA 01040
Not accepting new clients
Jessica Prodis, LICSW is deeply committed to offering her clients access to consistent care in an environment where they feel seen and empowered. Finding our way from struggle to strength often requires a felt sense of support, connection, and safety. Jessica offers a client-centered, integrative, and strength-based approach utilizing a range of clinical strategies including trauma-informed, mindfulness-based, and cognitive behavioral interventions to support clients as they come to embody their power and innate wisdom more and more through the range of life experiences.
Jessica Prodis, LICSW is deeply committed to offering her clients access to consistent care in an environment where they feel seen and empowered. Finding our way from struggle to strength often requires a felt sense of support, connection, and safety. Jessica offers a client-centered, integrative, and strength-based approach utilizing a range of clinical strategies including trauma-informed, mindfulness-based, and cognitive behavioral interventions to support clients as they come to embody their power and innate wisdom more and more through the range of life experiences.
(413) 798-8784 View (413) 798-8784

See more therapy options for Holyoke

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Holyoke, MA

100+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Holyoke, MA who prioritize treating:

90% Anxiety
88% Depression
74% Trauma and PTSD
67% Relationship Issues
67% Self Esteem
65% Stress
61% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

86% BlueCross and BlueShield
63% Optum
62% Aetna

How Therapists in Holyoke, MA see their clients

52% Online Only
48% In Person and Online

Gender breakdown

75% Female
22% Male
3% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Holyoke?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.