Jungian Therapists in Newberg, OR

Photo of Colby Schneider, Marriage & Family Therapist in Newberg, OR
Colby Schneider
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Newberg, OR 97132
Accepting New Clients - I help individuals and couples understand the deeper meaning of the problems that are holding them back and work with them so they can break free and reach their full potential. I use empathy, compassion, and unconditional positive regard to guide my practice while helping people understand themselves. Working together collaboratively but acknowledging that people are the experts of their own life, we will work together to end suffering while building self growth.
Accepting New Clients - I help individuals and couples understand the deeper meaning of the problems that are holding them back and work with them so they can break free and reach their full potential. I use empathy, compassion, and unconditional positive regard to guide my practice while helping people understand themselves. Working together collaboratively but acknowledging that people are the experts of their own life, we will work together to end suffering while building self growth.
(503) 213-6068 View (503) 213-6068
Photo of Jessica K Haney, Licensed Professional Counselor in Newberg, OR
Jessica K Haney
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, CADCII
Verified Verified
Newberg, OR 97132  (Online Only)
The truth... life can be hard. It can feel even more difficult at certain points along the way. Why go through this alone? The suffering of the human heart is something that needs to be heard. Allow me to walk alongside you as you heal and change. If your at a point in your life that feels stuck, lonely, confusing, sad, or even angry, give yourself the opportunity to challenge this and break through. Together, we can discover the events in your life that are your struggles. Whether it's addiction, trauma, relationships or loss, its time to heal and get back to being you.
The truth... life can be hard. It can feel even more difficult at certain points along the way. Why go through this alone? The suffering of the human heart is something that needs to be heard. Allow me to walk alongside you as you heal and change. If your at a point in your life that feels stuck, lonely, confusing, sad, or even angry, give yourself the opportunity to challenge this and break through. Together, we can discover the events in your life that are your struggles. Whether it's addiction, trauma, relationships or loss, its time to heal and get back to being you.
(503) 308-7734 View (503) 308-7734
Photo of Teresa Heesacker Counseling, Marriage & Family Therapist in Newberg, OR
Teresa Heesacker Counseling
Marriage & Family Therapist, CSD, LPC, LMFT, RPT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Newberg, OR 97132
Waitlist for new clients
I am passionate about well-being. For some, that might mean healing from trauma or growth into the person you want to become. It might mean understanding how to have a happier, healthy relationship with a parent, partner or child. I believe that every person is worthy of a life that is fully-alive and I am dedicated to partnering with people in their journey toward their vision of well-being. I provide clients with a safe, confidential and affirming environment in which they can explore their story, consider what is meaningful to them, cultivate their personal strengths and apply new insights and growth.
I am passionate about well-being. For some, that might mean healing from trauma or growth into the person you want to become. It might mean understanding how to have a happier, healthy relationship with a parent, partner or child. I believe that every person is worthy of a life that is fully-alive and I am dedicated to partnering with people in their journey toward their vision of well-being. I provide clients with a safe, confidential and affirming environment in which they can explore their story, consider what is meaningful to them, cultivate their personal strengths and apply new insights and growth.
(503) 451-6418 View (503) 451-6418
Photo of Jennifer Crocker, Licensed Professional Counselor in Newberg, OR
Jennifer Crocker
Licensed Professional Counselor, MCFC, LPC
Verified Verified
Newberg, OR 97132
I enjoy clients who come to me with complex concerns, who are looking for something other than a cookie cutter experience. My focus is on helping you work through the things that aren’t working for you. My goal is to meet you where you are and walk with you through your journey. You are the driver of our therapeutic car and I step into the passenger seat. I guide you using many different techniques/therapy styles and you are the one completely in control.
I enjoy clients who come to me with complex concerns, who are looking for something other than a cookie cutter experience. My focus is on helping you work through the things that aren’t working for you. My goal is to meet you where you are and walk with you through your journey. You are the driver of our therapeutic car and I step into the passenger seat. I guide you using many different techniques/therapy styles and you are the one completely in control.
(971) 287-6369 View (971) 287-6369
Photo of Melissa McMurry Licensed Psilocybin Facilitator, Licensed Professional Counselor in Newberg, OR
Melissa McMurry Licensed Psilocybin Facilitator
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, CADC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Newberg, OR 97132
Not accepting new clients
Life can lead us down some pretty confusing paths sometimes, leaving us feeling crazy, unsettled, and totally lost. You don't have to feel like this forever. I work with individuals, couples, and teens who are really going through it - anxiety, panic and stress, relationship issues, PTSD, and unresolved issues that continue to impact current life. Many of my clients are insightful, curious, growth-oriented people who are seeking something beyond traditional therapy. My focus is on helping you to UN-learn all the crap you've taken on over the years that is weighing you down and freeing up whatever it is that seems to be stuck.
Life can lead us down some pretty confusing paths sometimes, leaving us feeling crazy, unsettled, and totally lost. You don't have to feel like this forever. I work with individuals, couples, and teens who are really going through it - anxiety, panic and stress, relationship issues, PTSD, and unresolved issues that continue to impact current life. Many of my clients are insightful, curious, growth-oriented people who are seeking something beyond traditional therapy. My focus is on helping you to UN-learn all the crap you've taken on over the years that is weighing you down and freeing up whatever it is that seems to be stuck.
(971) 801-7486 View (971) 801-7486

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Sue Colavito, Licensed Professional Counselor in Newberg, OR
Sue Colavito
Licensed Professional Counselor, MFT, LPCT
Verified Verified
Carlton, OR 97111
Waitlist for new clients
I believe people want to live a full and productive life. I have helped clients make improvements in their lives for 30+years. Depression does not have to keep you down. Don't let Anxiety limit you. You can identifying what is keeping you back. You can Heal from Trauma, recent or past - don't let it haunt you. You can find direction, hope and new meaning. You can help a child who is feeling badly, having difficulty at school or home. You and your Family can learn to communicate clearly and kindly whether you are a single parent, a couple or with a new partner and their children. You can feel Happy! Have a hopeful outlook on Life!
I believe people want to live a full and productive life. I have helped clients make improvements in their lives for 30+years. Depression does not have to keep you down. Don't let Anxiety limit you. You can identifying what is keeping you back. You can Heal from Trauma, recent or past - don't let it haunt you. You can find direction, hope and new meaning. You can help a child who is feeling badly, having difficulty at school or home. You and your Family can learn to communicate clearly and kindly whether you are a single parent, a couple or with a new partner and their children. You can feel Happy! Have a hopeful outlook on Life!
(503) 744-6675 View (503) 744-6675
Photo of Rue Noelle Johnson, Licensed Professional Counselor in Newberg, OR
Rue Noelle Johnson
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Sherwood, OR 97140  (Online Only)
Our human spirit is geared toward resiliency and we have an incredible amount of personal resources available to us that can help us to overcome hardships, we just need to discover them. It is my goal, to help you discover these resources and to improve your quality of life as a result. I seek to create a safe space for my clients, free from judgement where you are able to explore your deepest values and goals. Together we can help you determine what aspects of your life are working well for you and which areas in your life you would like to fine tune in order to bring an increased sense of well-being and peace.
Our human spirit is geared toward resiliency and we have an incredible amount of personal resources available to us that can help us to overcome hardships, we just need to discover them. It is my goal, to help you discover these resources and to improve your quality of life as a result. I seek to create a safe space for my clients, free from judgement where you are able to explore your deepest values and goals. Together we can help you determine what aspects of your life are working well for you and which areas in your life you would like to fine tune in order to bring an increased sense of well-being and peace.
(971) 247-7615 View (971) 247-7615
Photo of Lori M. Severson, Licensed Professional Counselor in Newberg, OR
Lori M. Severson
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Hillsboro, OR 97123
Not accepting new clients
I am passionate about helping clients find the help they need. My work is for individuals and couples from all backgrounds, whether they are in traditional or non-traditional partnerships. While I provide therapy for a wide variety of issues, my focus is on relationships, life transitions and women's issues. I want to help individuals and couples find new ways to see, experience and respond to those parts of themselves or their partner that may be challenging. My goal is that you will find my therapeutic style to be very caring, collaborative, supportive, individual and unique to your personal and cultural needs.
I am passionate about helping clients find the help they need. My work is for individuals and couples from all backgrounds, whether they are in traditional or non-traditional partnerships. While I provide therapy for a wide variety of issues, my focus is on relationships, life transitions and women's issues. I want to help individuals and couples find new ways to see, experience and respond to those parts of themselves or their partner that may be challenging. My goal is that you will find my therapeutic style to be very caring, collaborative, supportive, individual and unique to your personal and cultural needs.
(503) 837-8284 View (503) 837-8284
Photo of Laura Placek, Licensed Professional Counselor in Newberg, OR
Laura Placek
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, CMHC, CADCIII, CMH
Verified Verified
Sherwood, OR 97140  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Bringing you affordable, confidential, and comprehensive services locally. We are an independent behavioral agency providing dual diagnosis and treatment services. Board certified and Licensed. I meet you where you are in life. My goal is to help you to identify paths to achieve personal goals, recovery, and life balance. Relaxed and welcoming atmosphere. I believe in compassionate and respectful person-centered care.
Bringing you affordable, confidential, and comprehensive services locally. We are an independent behavioral agency providing dual diagnosis and treatment services. Board certified and Licensed. I meet you where you are in life. My goal is to help you to identify paths to achieve personal goals, recovery, and life balance. Relaxed and welcoming atmosphere. I believe in compassionate and respectful person-centered care.
(503) 486-3978 View (503) 486-3978

Online Therapists

Photo of Elva Redwood in Newberg, OR
Elva Redwood
MPW, DiplPW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Portland, OR 97209
My main training and qualifications are in Processwork, a Jungian approach centered on supporting each person's individual development through direct sensory experience, creativity and dreams.
I'm all about helping people become more of themselves. If you are looking to discover and implement your own unique path forward, I may be the right counselor for you. I work with individuals and couples to resolve anxieties, manage the impact of chronic illness, and unravel old and constricting patterns, as well as resolve relationship conflicts and deepen emotional intimacy. Every person has strengths they are not yet aware of, as well as capacity to develop the skills and awareness needed for their life situation. It's my job to support your growth and flourishing, as well as deep self-care.
My main training and qualifications are in Processwork, a Jungian approach centered on supporting each person's individual development through direct sensory experience, creativity and dreams.
I'm all about helping people become more of themselves. If you are looking to discover and implement your own unique path forward, I may be the right counselor for you. I work with individuals and couples to resolve anxieties, manage the impact of chronic illness, and unravel old and constricting patterns, as well as resolve relationship conflicts and deepen emotional intimacy. Every person has strengths they are not yet aware of, as well as capacity to develop the skills and awareness needed for their life situation. It's my job to support your growth and flourishing, as well as deep self-care.
(971) 715-2522 View (971) 715-2522
Photo of Marlèn S. Conrad, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Newberg, OR
Marlèn S. Conrad
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, WSC
Verified Verified
Portland, OR 97211
In an atmosphere of insight and compassion, pathways leading to wellness, new beginnings and joy are possible. Working together, grounded in my in-depth knowledge of and experience in Jungian and contemporary psychotherapies, we illuminate outworn attitudes and patterns. By working with the art and science of psychotherapy, I foster your natural capacities for accessing your “inner compass”, your guide to spiritual gravity and conscious aging. As you tell your story, life events and choices you have made take on new meaning. A doorway opens to pervasive change that goes far beyond symptoms and previous goals.
In an atmosphere of insight and compassion, pathways leading to wellness, new beginnings and joy are possible. Working together, grounded in my in-depth knowledge of and experience in Jungian and contemporary psychotherapies, we illuminate outworn attitudes and patterns. By working with the art and science of psychotherapy, I foster your natural capacities for accessing your “inner compass”, your guide to spiritual gravity and conscious aging. As you tell your story, life events and choices you have made take on new meaning. A doorway opens to pervasive change that goes far beyond symptoms and previous goals.
(503) 404-3410 View (503) 404-3410
Photo of Ginny Christian, Licensed Professional Counselor in Newberg, OR
Ginny Christian
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Portland, OR 97219
Waitlist for new clients
Drawing on my Jungian orientation, we may use Sandplay, dream work, and art in our work together.
Each of us navigates many issues and transitions throughout our lives. Whether these are issues of abuse, trauma, identity, relationships, or physical and mental wellness, knowing that you are not alone in this process can lead to profound courage, hope, and change. I have a deep belief in our potential for growth and healing. As a therapist, I offer a safe place for this work. I will be a compassionate and insightful witness that will be fully present to your journey. Together, we will tend to your inner knowing, emerging awareness, and the making of new meaning.
Drawing on my Jungian orientation, we may use Sandplay, dream work, and art in our work together.
Each of us navigates many issues and transitions throughout our lives. Whether these are issues of abuse, trauma, identity, relationships, or physical and mental wellness, knowing that you are not alone in this process can lead to profound courage, hope, and change. I have a deep belief in our potential for growth and healing. As a therapist, I offer a safe place for this work. I will be a compassionate and insightful witness that will be fully present to your journey. Together, we will tend to your inner knowing, emerging awareness, and the making of new meaning.
(971) 265-8712 View (971) 265-8712
Photo of Sarah Fawcett, Professional Counselor Associate in Newberg, OR
Sarah Fawcett
Professional Counselor Associate, MA
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Portland, OR 97210
With roots in attachment theory, developmental and depth psychology, I utilize parts work and Jungian theory to help clients compassionately look within and understand what may have felt like an invisible weight holding them back.
My psychotherapy practice prioritizes creating a safe space to explore what lies beneath the symptoms you might be feeling or experiencing. I believe that our symptoms, mental or physical, are the outward manifestations of our inner wounds. They are cues to where the work can begin. I work with both adults and adolescents. I am as passionate about helping adults understand how their childhoods affect their current patterns and behaviors as I am about supporting adolescents along their often complex journey to adulthood.
With roots in attachment theory, developmental and depth psychology, I utilize parts work and Jungian theory to help clients compassionately look within and understand what may have felt like an invisible weight holding them back.
My psychotherapy practice prioritizes creating a safe space to explore what lies beneath the symptoms you might be feeling or experiencing. I believe that our symptoms, mental or physical, are the outward manifestations of our inner wounds. They are cues to where the work can begin. I work with both adults and adolescents. I am as passionate about helping adults understand how their childhoods affect their current patterns and behaviors as I am about supporting adolescents along their often complex journey to adulthood.
(971) 265-6979 View (971) 265-6979
Photo of Christine Landis, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Newberg, OR
Christine Landis
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Beaverton, OR 97006
I work with people who are interested in the process of finding healing, wholeness and meaning. Our work will focus on your concerns, whether expressed as depression, anxiety, PTSD, parenting, life transitions, spirituality, relationship issues, loss & grief, childhood trauma, identity issues or self-understanding. We will explore your inner world with compassion and without judgment in order to facilitate greater self-awareness, healing and transformation. My approach is Jungian-oriented, attending to both conscious and unconscious material. I value diversity and the uniqueness of each person's culture, background and lifestyle.
I work with people who are interested in the process of finding healing, wholeness and meaning. Our work will focus on your concerns, whether expressed as depression, anxiety, PTSD, parenting, life transitions, spirituality, relationship issues, loss & grief, childhood trauma, identity issues or self-understanding. We will explore your inner world with compassion and without judgment in order to facilitate greater self-awareness, healing and transformation. My approach is Jungian-oriented, attending to both conscious and unconscious material. I value diversity and the uniqueness of each person's culture, background and lifestyle.
(971) 351-1667 View (971) 351-1667
Photo of Marilyn Manzi, Marriage & Family Therapist in Newberg, OR
Marilyn Manzi
Marriage & Family Therapist
Verified Verified
Portland, OR 97201  (Online Only)
You are drawn to Jungian Psychology because you are innately intuitive in your personal exploration.
Are you a woman that lacks confidence in how decisions are made and often outsource for validation? As a woman, are you abandoning your self in relationships that have potential for true intimacy because you fear rejection? Are you a woman that has overcome much in previous psychotherapy and interested in exploring your inner world for a creative project? As a woman, are you seeking a safe space to explore nightmares or inner thoughts that you’ve kept inside because you’re frozen with uncertainty? Start individual sessions with me to empower yourself and gain your confidence back in your relationships.
You are drawn to Jungian Psychology because you are innately intuitive in your personal exploration.
Are you a woman that lacks confidence in how decisions are made and often outsource for validation? As a woman, are you abandoning your self in relationships that have potential for true intimacy because you fear rejection? Are you a woman that has overcome much in previous psychotherapy and interested in exploring your inner world for a creative project? As a woman, are you seeking a safe space to explore nightmares or inner thoughts that you’ve kept inside because you’re frozen with uncertainty? Start individual sessions with me to empower yourself and gain your confidence back in your relationships.
(341) 444-3329 View (341) 444-3329
Photo of Christine G Glenn, Psychologist in Newberg, OR
Christine G Glenn
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Portland, OR 97219
Psychodynamic (Jungian) orientation: Just as the conscious mind, the unconscious mind can be directional.
Everyone needs to talk about their personal concerns, emotions, and life challenges. At times, it is best to talk to someone who is not a friend or family member. I provide a place and process for these personal conversations. I will support you as you resolve old issues and emotional blocks, find new insights and choices, develop new ways of coping and acting. I am interactive and supportive. I work with individuals experiencing stress/anxiety/trauma; depression; childhood and relationship issues; life transitions - divorce, the death of someone important, illness, and transitions of midlife or becoming an elder; ADHD.
Psychodynamic (Jungian) orientation: Just as the conscious mind, the unconscious mind can be directional.
Everyone needs to talk about their personal concerns, emotions, and life challenges. At times, it is best to talk to someone who is not a friend or family member. I provide a place and process for these personal conversations. I will support you as you resolve old issues and emotional blocks, find new insights and choices, develop new ways of coping and acting. I am interactive and supportive. I work with individuals experiencing stress/anxiety/trauma; depression; childhood and relationship issues; life transitions - divorce, the death of someone important, illness, and transitions of midlife or becoming an elder; ADHD.
(503) 676-6423 View (503) 676-6423
Photo of Mary Joy in Newberg, OR
Mary Joy
MA, Dipl PW, QMHP, CHT
Verified Verified
Portland, OR 97239
My training includes DBT, Reality Therapy, Jungian studies and Ericksonian Hypnosis.
Sometimes, we want to make changes but struggle with unknown parts of ourselves that seem to stop us. Habits, life long patterns and unconscious beliefs can hold us back from living the life that we long for. It takes time and courage to examine our belief system and reach out for what we really want. As a therapist, I follow the process of each individual. Clients are viewed on a spectrum of health, rather than through a lens of pathology. This approach creates a very curious and creative focus that encourages growth at the client’s own pace.
My training includes DBT, Reality Therapy, Jungian studies and Ericksonian Hypnosis.
Sometimes, we want to make changes but struggle with unknown parts of ourselves that seem to stop us. Habits, life long patterns and unconscious beliefs can hold us back from living the life that we long for. It takes time and courage to examine our belief system and reach out for what we really want. As a therapist, I follow the process of each individual. Clients are viewed on a spectrum of health, rather than through a lens of pathology. This approach creates a very curious and creative focus that encourages growth at the client’s own pace.
(503) 966-9610 View (503) 966-9610
Photo of Aaron Paul Jones, Marriage & Family Therapist in Newberg, OR
Aaron Paul Jones
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Portland, OR 97214
I offer you my kindness, respect and years of my own dedicated self work. Listening, presence and experience is a big part of what I bring to our sessions. A lot of pain and trauma becomes unconscious. I work with you to understand the sources of the problem. We aim to understand the different parts of your self. We work to activate your highest or most authentic self. I also aim to heal the trauma in the body. I am Jungian based, using EMDR, mindfulness psychology, and somatic approaches, all to deepen your relationship to yourself.
I offer you my kindness, respect and years of my own dedicated self work. Listening, presence and experience is a big part of what I bring to our sessions. A lot of pain and trauma becomes unconscious. I work with you to understand the sources of the problem. We aim to understand the different parts of your self. We work to activate your highest or most authentic self. I also aim to heal the trauma in the body. I am Jungian based, using EMDR, mindfulness psychology, and somatic approaches, all to deepen your relationship to yourself.
(415) 729-1997 View (415) 729-1997
Photo of Mary Wells Pope, Licensed Professional Counselor in Newberg, OR
Mary Wells Pope
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Portland, OR 97212
As a Jungian psychotherapist, I use clients' dreams and creative endeavors as a portal to a deeper understanding of self.
For most people, strong relationships are an important indicator of health and well-being. When we feel stuck in old patterns that no longer serve us, our connection to others suffers too, which can turn up as depression, anxiety, or simply feeling alone and disconnected. By reconnecting with our essential gifts and strengths through the therapy process, we in turn can offer more to family, friends, and community.
As a Jungian psychotherapist, I use clients' dreams and creative endeavors as a portal to a deeper understanding of self.
For most people, strong relationships are an important indicator of health and well-being. When we feel stuck in old patterns that no longer serve us, our connection to others suffers too, which can turn up as depression, anxiety, or simply feeling alone and disconnected. By reconnecting with our essential gifts and strengths through the therapy process, we in turn can offer more to family, friends, and community.
(503) 836-5340 View (503) 836-5340
Photo of Dr. Heidi Christensen, Marriage & Family Therapist in Newberg, OR
Dr. Heidi Christensen
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, CADCI
Verified Verified
Lake Oswego, OR 97035  (Online Only)
I also utilize current cutting edge research such as Gottman method and Brene Brown's Daring Way, and I take a Jungian approach to dreams, unconscious content, and creativity.
Intimacy, creativity, and feelings are essential aspects of nourishment when we are experiencing troubling times in our lives. The symptoms we experience such as depression, anxiety, or relationship challenges are often directing our attention to deeper meaning and understanding of ourselves. In my work with individuals and couples, we are often engaged in relationship and intimacy concerns and exploring ways to heal and experience self-love and self-trust. We all have survival, coping, and healing abilities that can help us grow and thrive under many circumstances. Sometimes assistance is needed to help these abilities develop.
I also utilize current cutting edge research such as Gottman method and Brene Brown's Daring Way, and I take a Jungian approach to dreams, unconscious content, and creativity.
Intimacy, creativity, and feelings are essential aspects of nourishment when we are experiencing troubling times in our lives. The symptoms we experience such as depression, anxiety, or relationship challenges are often directing our attention to deeper meaning and understanding of ourselves. In my work with individuals and couples, we are often engaged in relationship and intimacy concerns and exploring ways to heal and experience self-love and self-trust. We all have survival, coping, and healing abilities that can help us grow and thrive under many circumstances. Sometimes assistance is needed to help these abilities develop.
(971) 302-4058 View (971) 302-4058
Jungian Therapists

How does Jungian therapy work?

Jungian therapy, also called analytical psychology, focuses on a patient’s inner experiences and unconscious mind. Exploring a person’s unconscious mind can be achieved through several means, including the analysis of memories and dreams, and through physical exercises, such as art, dance, and word association.

How long does Jungian therapy last?

Jungian therapy is an intensive treatment type. Because its goal is to understand a person as a whole, including the unconscious aspects of them, treatment can range from months to years. Since patients learn the theory behind Jungian therapy during treatment, they can also practice its tenets throughout life after therapy sessions have completed.

Is Jungian therapy effective?

According to studies, many patients find success with Jungian therapy, and the century-old treatment has a devoted following. Researchers note that the therapy is particularly useful in improving relationships, self-esteem, anxiety, and depression. Improvements in problem areas seem to continue even after the end of Jungian therapy, as people are able to continue working on themselves using the tools they’ve learned during the treatment.

Is Jungian therapy evidence-based?

Jungian therapy is theory-based, derived from the theories of Carl Jung, a Swiss psychiatrist often called one of the fathers of psychology, along with Sigmund Freud. Jung developed his theories from observing the problems of patients, and developed many theories of how the mind works. Subsequent psychological research has determined that Jungian therapy can lead to significant improvement in most patients.