Therapists in Benton County, IA

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Photo of Sarah Gallagher, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW, PMH-C
Sarah Gallagher
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW, PMH-C
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Taking the first step to find a therapist can be challenging, but it's a powerful act of self-care. It means you're ready to invest in yourself and your well-being. I'm a licensed therapist dedicated to helping women navigate some of life's most significant transitions and challenges. My practice is built on the belief that everyone has the innate capacity for growth and healing, and my role is to provide a supportive, nonjudgmental space where you can explore what's holding you back. My therapeutic approach is deeply rooted in humanistic and integrative frameworks. This means I believe you are the expert on your own life.
Taking the first step to find a therapist can be challenging, but it's a powerful act of self-care. It means you're ready to invest in yourself and your well-being. I'm a licensed therapist dedicated to helping women navigate some of life's most significant transitions and challenges. My practice is built on the belief that everyone has the innate capacity for growth and healing, and my role is to provide a supportive, nonjudgmental space where you can explore what's holding you back. My therapeutic approach is deeply rooted in humanistic and integrative frameworks. This means I believe you are the expert on your own life.
(319) 984-4149 View (319) 984-4149
Photo of Shoshannah Guerrero, Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, LMFT
Shoshannah Guerrero
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, LMFT
Online Only
You’re tired of not being heard. Your children don’t listen. Your partner doesn’t listen. Your boss doesn’t listen. You show up, do your part, and still—it’s never enough. This kind of exhaustion runs deep. It’s more than communication—it’s about connection. That’s where values-based emotional self-leadership matters. These skills support your well-being and strengthen relationships. In partnership, emotional maturity from both people creates a safe, collaborative space. Healing begins when both partners grow. Love thrives when each person is doing their own individual work—growing, healing, and showing up with appreciation.
You’re tired of not being heard. Your children don’t listen. Your partner doesn’t listen. Your boss doesn’t listen. You show up, do your part, and still—it’s never enough. This kind of exhaustion runs deep. It’s more than communication—it’s about connection. That’s where values-based emotional self-leadership matters. These skills support your well-being and strengthen relationships. In partnership, emotional maturity from both people creates a safe, collaborative space. Healing begins when both partners grow. Love thrives when each person is doing their own individual work—growing, healing, and showing up with appreciation.
(319) 220-3646 x100 View (319) 220-3646 x100
Photo of Bryan Dickson, Counselor, LMHC, MDiv
Bryan Dickson
Counselor, LMHC, MDiv
Online Only
Do you feel overwhelmed by stress, anxiety, or other struggles in your life? Maybe you avoid these feelings by stuffing your emotions down or distracting yourself with activities that ultimately don’t fix anything. Avoidance feels good now, but we know deep down it won’t bring the relief that we are craving. What you need is someone who is safe to talk to and who seeks to understand you. That will make a tremendous difference in your ability to cope and experience life with the joy, contentment, and purpose you are desiring.
Do you feel overwhelmed by stress, anxiety, or other struggles in your life? Maybe you avoid these feelings by stuffing your emotions down or distracting yourself with activities that ultimately don’t fix anything. Avoidance feels good now, but we know deep down it won’t bring the relief that we are craving. What you need is someone who is safe to talk to and who seeks to understand you. That will make a tremendous difference in your ability to cope and experience life with the joy, contentment, and purpose you are desiring.
(319) 474-5574 View (319) 474-5574
Photo of Amy L Bunz, Counselor, tLMHC, CADC
Amy L Bunz
Counselor, tLMHC, CADC
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Are you struggling with feeling disconnected from yourself and others? Do you put your needs last? Do you wonder how your life could be happier or better? Now more than ever, people are feeling anxious, overwhelmed and uncertain about how they are supposed to manage their relationships, careers and their lives. Pushing away your needs and not taking time for yourself can lead to long-term issues for your mind and body. I believe it shouldn’t be so hard to live a better life.
Are you struggling with feeling disconnected from yourself and others? Do you put your needs last? Do you wonder how your life could be happier or better? Now more than ever, people are feeling anxious, overwhelmed and uncertain about how they are supposed to manage their relationships, careers and their lives. Pushing away your needs and not taking time for yourself can lead to long-term issues for your mind and body. I believe it shouldn’t be so hard to live a better life.
(319) 658-5081 View (319) 658-5081
Photo of Gail Wood, Counselor, MS, LMHC
Gail Wood
Counselor, MS, LMHC
Vinton, IA 52349
Waitlist for new clients
Each of us can point to some aspect of our lives that we'd like to change. As your therapist, my intention is to help you identify changes you'd like to make; collaborate with you in setting realistic, achievable goals for yourself; teach you to incorporate coping skills to ease through transitions; desensitize unprocessed trauma; and fully support you while we walk this journey together. Your comfort is my priority, and I offer compassion and understanding without judgment.
Each of us can point to some aspect of our lives that we'd like to change. As your therapist, my intention is to help you identify changes you'd like to make; collaborate with you in setting realistic, achievable goals for yourself; teach you to incorporate coping skills to ease through transitions; desensitize unprocessed trauma; and fully support you while we walk this journey together. Your comfort is my priority, and I offer compassion and understanding without judgment.
(319) 281-0499 View (319) 281-0499
Photo of Vanessa West - Therapeutic Innovations, PLLC, Counselor, PhD, LMHC
Therapeutic Innovations, PLLC
Counselor, PhD, LMHC
3 Endorsed
Vinton, IA 52349
Do you struggle with feeling disconnected from yourself and others? Do you put your needs at the bottom of the to-do list? Do you wonder if life should feel somehow better? Happier? Now more than ever, people are feeling anxious, overwhelmed and uncertain about how they are supposed to manage their relationships, careers and their lives. Pushing away your needs and not taking time for yourself can lead to long-term issues for your mind and body. We believe it shouldn’t be so hard to live a better life.
Do you struggle with feeling disconnected from yourself and others? Do you put your needs at the bottom of the to-do list? Do you wonder if life should feel somehow better? Happier? Now more than ever, people are feeling anxious, overwhelmed and uncertain about how they are supposed to manage their relationships, careers and their lives. Pushing away your needs and not taking time for yourself can lead to long-term issues for your mind and body. We believe it shouldn’t be so hard to live a better life.
(319) 251-2089 View (319) 251-2089
Photo of Nicholas S Fisher, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Nicholas S Fisher
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Vinton, IA 52349
I have worked as a therapist in the Benton County area since 1989. Counseling and therapy services are available for anyone experiencing personal problems, relationship difficulties or family concerns. Common reasons for seeking help include: feelings of depression or anxiety; difficulties with anger, hostility or violence; problems with alcohol or drug use; concern about a child's behavior; concern over relationship or communication issues; coming to terms with a difficult past; adjusting to stressful situations. Services are available for couples, families and individuals depending on what the circumstances indicate.
I have worked as a therapist in the Benton County area since 1989. Counseling and therapy services are available for anyone experiencing personal problems, relationship difficulties or family concerns. Common reasons for seeking help include: feelings of depression or anxiety; difficulties with anger, hostility or violence; problems with alcohol or drug use; concern about a child's behavior; concern over relationship or communication issues; coming to terms with a difficult past; adjusting to stressful situations. Services are available for couples, families and individuals depending on what the circumstances indicate.
(319) 423-3539 View (319) 423-3539
Photo of Naomi Rumbley Zepeda, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Naomi Rumbley Zepeda
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
4 Endorsed
Serves Area
Empowering teens and families to feel seen, heard, and understood Hi! I’m Naomi. Parenting a teen can be challenging—and being a teen can feel downright impossible some days. I specialize in helping families navigate complex emotions, clashing communication styles, and all the curveballs life throws your way. Whether you’re facing adoption-related transitions, disordered eating, body image concerns, anxiety, or depression, I offer a safe, no-nonsense space to explore healing and growth.
Empowering teens and families to feel seen, heard, and understood Hi! I’m Naomi. Parenting a teen can be challenging—and being a teen can feel downright impossible some days. I specialize in helping families navigate complex emotions, clashing communication styles, and all the curveballs life throws your way. Whether you’re facing adoption-related transitions, disordered eating, body image concerns, anxiety, or depression, I offer a safe, no-nonsense space to explore healing and growth.
(319) 727-8710 View (319) 727-8710
Photo of Kelly Grant Marsengill - Still Waters Recovery & Wellness, Drug & Alcohol Counselor, MA, MS, CADC
Still Waters Recovery & Wellness
Drug & Alcohol Counselor, MA, MS, CADC
Serves Area
Still Waters has an individualized substance abuse program focusing on individual's strengths, needs, experiences & goals. This gives clients a deeper, more meaningful experience versus one-size-fits-all rehab programs that funnel clients into their most profitable addiction programs (e.g., Intensive Outpatient Treatment). Still Waters is the only licensed program that has a holistic mind-body-spirit approach to addiction, in Eastern Iowa, founded on faith-based, Christian principles, while respecting everyone regardless of their beliefs or faith.
Still Waters has an individualized substance abuse program focusing on individual's strengths, needs, experiences & goals. This gives clients a deeper, more meaningful experience versus one-size-fits-all rehab programs that funnel clients into their most profitable addiction programs (e.g., Intensive Outpatient Treatment). Still Waters is the only licensed program that has a holistic mind-body-spirit approach to addiction, in Eastern Iowa, founded on faith-based, Christian principles, while respecting everyone regardless of their beliefs or faith.
(319) 774-2507 View (319) 774-2507
Photo of Skye Postel, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, tLMFT
Skye Postel
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, tLMFT
7 Endorsed
Serves Area
We all have moments we wish we could hit the "undo" button on..... and yes, that includes therapists too. Maybe you've spent years trying to earn love that should come freely, or you're carrying burdens that feel too heavy to share. Taking that first step into therapy can feel daunting, but it doesn't have to be. My office is designed to be exactly what you need: a judgement-free space where you can show up as your authentic self and work through the tough challenges in your life at your own pace.
We all have moments we wish we could hit the "undo" button on..... and yes, that includes therapists too. Maybe you've spent years trying to earn love that should come freely, or you're carrying burdens that feel too heavy to share. Taking that first step into therapy can feel daunting, but it doesn't have to be. My office is designed to be exactly what you need: a judgement-free space where you can show up as your authentic self and work through the tough challenges in your life at your own pace.
(319) 448-3129 View (319) 448-3129
Photo of Sabrina Rogers, Counselor, MS, NCC, LMHC
Sabrina Rogers
Counselor, MS, NCC, LMHC
4 Endorsed
Serves Area
You really can have your cake and eat it, too! You can learn to enjoy food guilt free and stop avoiding mirrors. Hating what you see in the mirror directly affects how and what you eat, creating emotional eating and periods where you don't eat at all (or only very little). This fosters a fear of food, not trusting yourself around food, and a desire for more self control or willpower. I call this the diet roller coaster and it's not a fun (nor healthy) place to be. Let's get you off the diet roller coaster and end your history of yo-yo dieting.
You really can have your cake and eat it, too! You can learn to enjoy food guilt free and stop avoiding mirrors. Hating what you see in the mirror directly affects how and what you eat, creating emotional eating and periods where you don't eat at all (or only very little). This fosters a fear of food, not trusting yourself around food, and a desire for more self control or willpower. I call this the diet roller coaster and it's not a fun (nor healthy) place to be. Let's get you off the diet roller coaster and end your history of yo-yo dieting.
(319) 250-2696 View (319) 250-2696
Photo of Madison Harman, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, TLMFT
Madison Harman
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, TLMFT
Serves Area
I welcome individuals, couples, and families starting from age 2. I understand that scheduling an appointment can feel overwhelming, and it’s okay to have mixed feelings about therapy. My goal is to provide you with the resources and information to make that decision easier. In our sessions, I strive to create a safe, open environment to explore your strengths and challenges. Everyone deserves care, guidance, and joy, and I look forward to being a part of that journey. Together, we will develop a treatment plan tailored to your unique needs. Let’s take this important step together!
I welcome individuals, couples, and families starting from age 2. I understand that scheduling an appointment can feel overwhelming, and it’s okay to have mixed feelings about therapy. My goal is to provide you with the resources and information to make that decision easier. In our sessions, I strive to create a safe, open environment to explore your strengths and challenges. Everyone deserves care, guidance, and joy, and I look forward to being a part of that journey. Together, we will develop a treatment plan tailored to your unique needs. Let’s take this important step together!
(319) 319-7011 View (319) 319-7011

Online Therapists

Photo of Anne Ducharme-Jones, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LISW
Anne Ducharme-Jones
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LISW
Des Moines, IA 50310
As a therapist specializing in the treatment of eating disorders, food behaviors, body image concerns and anxiety disorders, I strive to create a safe place for clients to practice greater self-awareness and develop new methods to handle the concerns that are keeping them from feeling their best. With 10 years of experience teaching yoga as well, I have a heartfelt passion for encouraging positive balance in all areas of life, including food, body image and a more compassionate relationship to self.
As a therapist specializing in the treatment of eating disorders, food behaviors, body image concerns and anxiety disorders, I strive to create a safe place for clients to practice greater self-awareness and develop new methods to handle the concerns that are keeping them from feeling their best. With 10 years of experience teaching yoga as well, I have a heartfelt passion for encouraging positive balance in all areas of life, including food, body image and a more compassionate relationship to self.
(512) 982-0633 View (512) 982-0633
Photo of Andi Murray, Marriage & Family Therapist, tLMFT
Andi Murray
Marriage & Family Therapist, tLMFT
3 Endorsed
Coralville, IA 52241
As a Marriage and Family Therapist, I believe we all have the capacity to grow and heal through relationships and our connections with others. Relationships can be powerful agents of change and healing. Everyone has a story that deserves to be heard and valued. By sharing our emotions and experiences in a safe space, we create opportunities for connection, healing, and growth. I am passionate about helping others heal, feel empowered in order to recognize their strengths and resiliency. I strive to create an environment where every person feels heard, respected and empowered.
As a Marriage and Family Therapist, I believe we all have the capacity to grow and heal through relationships and our connections with others. Relationships can be powerful agents of change and healing. Everyone has a story that deserves to be heard and valued. By sharing our emotions and experiences in a safe space, we create opportunities for connection, healing, and growth. I am passionate about helping others heal, feel empowered in order to recognize their strengths and resiliency. I strive to create an environment where every person feels heard, respected and empowered.
(319) 224-8606 View (319) 224-8606
Photo of Nichole Olson, Psychologist, PhD, LP
Nichole Olson
Psychologist, PhD, LP
2 Endorsed
Ames, IA 50014
Waitlist for new clients
I feel grateful for the opportunity to walk alongside others on their journeys towards healing and growth. I take a collaborative and empowering approach. I believe that the client is the expert in their life, and I view my role as being a guide as clients reflect on their experiences, identify patterns that are causing distress, connect with their emotions, and work towards meaningful changes. I believe that creating a therapeutic relationship that is compassionate, validating, and accepting is an essential component of the change process.
I feel grateful for the opportunity to walk alongside others on their journeys towards healing and growth. I take a collaborative and empowering approach. I believe that the client is the expert in their life, and I view my role as being a guide as clients reflect on their experiences, identify patterns that are causing distress, connect with their emotions, and work towards meaningful changes. I believe that creating a therapeutic relationship that is compassionate, validating, and accepting is an essential component of the change process.
(515) 505-1997 View (515) 505-1997
Photo of Megan Pierson, Counselor, LPC, LMHC, LCMHC
Megan Pierson
Counselor, LPC, LMHC, LCMHC
1 Endorsed
Peosta, IA 52068
Waitlist for new clients
In an open and curious way, I strive to provide a genuine attachment relationship in which you can deepen your understanding of yourself, your nervous system, your habits, your stuckness, and your needs. As you gain insight and have new experiences, meaningful shifts can start to happen in your life that you didn’t think possible. Throughout our work together, I hope you feel empowered to live a life that is increasingly congruent with your authentic self.
In an open and curious way, I strive to provide a genuine attachment relationship in which you can deepen your understanding of yourself, your nervous system, your habits, your stuckness, and your needs. As you gain insight and have new experiences, meaningful shifts can start to happen in your life that you didn’t think possible. Throughout our work together, I hope you feel empowered to live a life that is increasingly congruent with your authentic self.
(563) 724-5727 View (563) 724-5727
Photo of Umar Farooq Chohan, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Umar Farooq Chohan
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
3 Endorsed
Cedar Falls, IA 50613
Are you searching for inclusive mental health services that aim to address the root of your presenting symptoms whilst taking into account social and systemic factors? I specialize in working with clients using a systems-based approach to provide not only a safe and inclusive environment but also to help you reach your goals through collaboration.
Are you searching for inclusive mental health services that aim to address the root of your presenting symptoms whilst taking into account social and systemic factors? I specialize in working with clients using a systems-based approach to provide not only a safe and inclusive environment but also to help you reach your goals through collaboration.
View
Photo of Stacy Grooms, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Stacy Grooms
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
3 Endorsed
Cedar Rapids, IA 52402
Stacy Grooms is a graduate of Mt. Mercy University, having earned her Master's degree in Marriage and Family Therapy in August of 2021. Stacy is dedicated to helping individuals break from patterns of people-pleasing. Establish healthy boundaries, and navigate the challenges of emotionally immature parents /relationships. With boundary setting, assertiveness training, and intergenerational healing, Stacy empowers clients to reclaim their self-worth and build fulfilling, authentic connections. By addressing family dynamics, fostering emotional resilience.
Stacy Grooms is a graduate of Mt. Mercy University, having earned her Master's degree in Marriage and Family Therapy in August of 2021. Stacy is dedicated to helping individuals break from patterns of people-pleasing. Establish healthy boundaries, and navigate the challenges of emotionally immature parents /relationships. With boundary setting, assertiveness training, and intergenerational healing, Stacy empowers clients to reclaim their self-worth and build fulfilling, authentic connections. By addressing family dynamics, fostering emotional resilience.
(319) 456-4910 View (319) 456-4910
Photo of Kim Cretsinger, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW
Kim Cretsinger
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW
1 Endorsed
Online Only
You may be feeling overwhelmed, stuck, or simply unsure of where to begin—and that’s okay. The truth is, everyone struggles at times, and reaching out for support takes courage. Whether you're dealing with anxiety, depression, relationship challenges, trauma, grief, or life transitions, my role is to meet you exactly where you are and walk alongside you at a pace that feels right.
You may be feeling overwhelmed, stuck, or simply unsure of where to begin—and that’s okay. The truth is, everyone struggles at times, and reaching out for support takes courage. Whether you're dealing with anxiety, depression, relationship challenges, trauma, grief, or life transitions, my role is to meet you exactly where you are and walk alongside you at a pace that feels right.
(515) 316-3860 View (515) 316-3860
Photo of Lauren Merten, Counselor, MS, T-LMHC
Lauren Merten
Counselor, MS, T-LMHC
Ankeny, IA 50023
At times, life feels unpredictable, bringing anxiety, transitions & past wounds that shape our journey. I support individuals & families facing these challenges, helping them build resilience, emotional regulation & stronger relationships. Whether healing old scars or navigating change, I provide tools to foster confidence, coping skills & meaningful connections. I believe everyone has the capacity to overcome obstacles, & my role is to guide them toward healing, growth & a fulfilling life, empowering them to move forward with confidence, purpose & the strength to build lasting change.
At times, life feels unpredictable, bringing anxiety, transitions & past wounds that shape our journey. I support individuals & families facing these challenges, helping them build resilience, emotional regulation & stronger relationships. Whether healing old scars or navigating change, I provide tools to foster confidence, coping skills & meaningful connections. I believe everyone has the capacity to overcome obstacles, & my role is to guide them toward healing, growth & a fulfilling life, empowering them to move forward with confidence, purpose & the strength to build lasting change.
(515) 316-2394 View (515) 316-2394

See more therapy options for Benton County

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Benton County, IA

10+

Average cost per session

$175

Therapists in Benton County, IA who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
83% Relationship Issues
83% Depression
75% Self Esteem
75% Stress
67% Grief
67% Trauma and PTSD

Average years in practice

14 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

90% Wellmark BCBS
80% BlueCross and BlueShield
80% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Benton County, IA see their clients

67% In Person and Online
33% Online Only

Gender breakdown

60% Female
30% Male
10% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Benton County?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.