Therapists in Cortland County, NY

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Photo of Shelley L Musci - Serenity Counseling, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Serenity Counseling
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Cortland, NY 13045
Life can be tricky sometimes leaving us feeling stuck, alone, and confused. Taking the first step toward change can seem overwhelming and scary. I appreciate the strength it takes to even consider the possibility of making a change. I provide counseling support to individuals with a wide range of emotional and behavioral challenges. As a therapist, I offer a safe, supportive, and comfortable environment with an individualized approach to each client to promote personal growth. I encourage recognition and development of inner strengths and self-compassion to facilitate the process of change as well as resolve challenging issues.
Life can be tricky sometimes leaving us feeling stuck, alone, and confused. Taking the first step toward change can seem overwhelming and scary. I appreciate the strength it takes to even consider the possibility of making a change. I provide counseling support to individuals with a wide range of emotional and behavioral challenges. As a therapist, I offer a safe, supportive, and comfortable environment with an individualized approach to each client to promote personal growth. I encourage recognition and development of inner strengths and self-compassion to facilitate the process of change as well as resolve challenging issues.
(607) 208-9007 View (607) 208-9007
Photo of Stacey M McCall, Pre-Licensed Professional
Stacey M McCall
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Cortland, NY 13045  (Online Only)
My goal is to offer a safe space in therapy to allow for self-exploration and personal growth. Whether you are going through a life change or experiencing depression or anxiety, I will be present for your journey. I have experience with supporting teens, adults, groups and families who come to therapy with a variety of concerns. My background is supporting individuals with severe and persistent mental illnesses. I have a special interest in working with neurodivergent individuals as well as those who have a personality diagnosis. My goal is to provide you with tools to find hope again. Hope to hear from you!
My goal is to offer a safe space in therapy to allow for self-exploration and personal growth. Whether you are going through a life change or experiencing depression or anxiety, I will be present for your journey. I have experience with supporting teens, adults, groups and families who come to therapy with a variety of concerns. My background is supporting individuals with severe and persistent mental illnesses. I have a special interest in working with neurodivergent individuals as well as those who have a personality diagnosis. My goal is to provide you with tools to find hope again. Hope to hear from you!
(607) 638-3442 View (607) 638-3442
Maureen A Kiely
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-R
Verified Verified
Cortland, NY 13045
Not accepting new clients
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with years of experience in providing counseling to individuals, couples and families. My practice serves adults. A collaborative approach is utilized to address issues including depression, anxiety, family relationships, occupational stress, interpersonal problems and self concept. Trauma treatment including EMDR is available.
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with years of experience in providing counseling to individuals, couples and families. My practice serves adults. A collaborative approach is utilized to address issues including depression, anxiety, family relationships, occupational stress, interpersonal problems and self concept. Trauma treatment including EMDR is available.
(607) 643-4029 View (607) 643-4029
Photo of Melissa A. Bramley, LCSW-R, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Melissa A. Bramley
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-R
Verified Verified
Cortland, NY 13045
Not accepting new clients
Therapy is an opportunity for growth. Understanding our emotions, processing deep feelings, and learning from our family histories can help us gain inner strength and wisdom.
Therapy is an opportunity for growth. Understanding our emotions, processing deep feelings, and learning from our family histories can help us gain inner strength and wisdom.
(607) 600-2971 View (607) 600-2971
Photo of Cindy Horn, LMHC, Counselor
Cindy Horn
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Cortland, NY 13045  (Online Only)
Do you wake up with your heart pounding, stomach in knots, feeling overwhelmed, anxious, depressed? Does it feel like you are struggling to cope and not enjoying life the way you wish you could? Sometimes it's so easy to get trapped in the endless whirlwind of negative thoughts and emotions. It can feel so isolating and discouraging. It seems like nothing you try works out, and it impacts every area of your life.
Do you wake up with your heart pounding, stomach in knots, feeling overwhelmed, anxious, depressed? Does it feel like you are struggling to cope and not enjoying life the way you wish you could? Sometimes it's so easy to get trapped in the endless whirlwind of negative thoughts and emotions. It can feel so isolating and discouraging. It seems like nothing you try works out, and it impacts every area of your life.
(607) 536-9774 View (607) 536-9774
Photo of Kelly D Mayer, MS, LMHC, NCC, Counselor
Kelly D Mayer
Counselor, MS, LMHC, NCC
Verified Verified
12 Endorsed
Homer, NY 13077
Relationships are one of the most difficult experiences we bravely engage in as humans. Misunderstandings, inflexible thinking, our own limited ability to engage as well as others limited ability, and trauma, all affect the evolving dynamics of relating to one another. Oh man, it's hard stuff. But we also want and long to be in a relationship. How do we do this simultaneously, avoid and attach? Well, it is a delicate balance and a work of art. I can help you explore the dance of relationships with your partner, family, or children.
Relationships are one of the most difficult experiences we bravely engage in as humans. Misunderstandings, inflexible thinking, our own limited ability to engage as well as others limited ability, and trauma, all affect the evolving dynamics of relating to one another. Oh man, it's hard stuff. But we also want and long to be in a relationship. How do we do this simultaneously, avoid and attach? Well, it is a delicate balance and a work of art. I can help you explore the dance of relationships with your partner, family, or children.
(607) 228-8298 View (607) 228-8298
Photo of Gregory G Moss, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Gregory G Moss
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Cortland, NY 13045
Waitlist for new clients
I provide counseling to people who have a history of anxiety, depression, painful or abusive relationships, as well as those with past traumas or PTSD due to abuse or tragedy. I also work with people struggling with recent life or relationship problems or who are dealing with a relationship break-up. Although I provide therapy to a wide variety of people, what they have in common is that they want help to feel better and enjoy their lives more. They recognize that counseling is something that can help get them there faster than they could on their own.
I provide counseling to people who have a history of anxiety, depression, painful or abusive relationships, as well as those with past traumas or PTSD due to abuse or tragedy. I also work with people struggling with recent life or relationship problems or who are dealing with a relationship break-up. Although I provide therapy to a wide variety of people, what they have in common is that they want help to feel better and enjoy their lives more. They recognize that counseling is something that can help get them there faster than they could on their own.
(607) 533-2977 View (607) 533-2977
Photo of Rachelle Sunderland, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Rachelle Sunderland
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Cortland, NY 13045  (Online Only)
Each of us are capable of so much more than we often realize. It is not uncommon to find ourselves in emotional ruts without an idea of how to push forward or navigate our way through. These times, while often responsible for suffering, confusion, and a sense of hopelessness, can often be an opportunity for transformation and healing when met with genuine positive regard, empathy and guidance. My therapeutic philosophy is one of healing, empowerment and taking control of our own power within.
Each of us are capable of so much more than we often realize. It is not uncommon to find ourselves in emotional ruts without an idea of how to push forward or navigate our way through. These times, while often responsible for suffering, confusion, and a sense of hopelessness, can often be an opportunity for transformation and healing when met with genuine positive regard, empathy and guidance. My therapeutic philosophy is one of healing, empowerment and taking control of our own power within.
(607) 558-2115 View (607) 558-2115
Photo of Heather Lee Arnold - HLA Therapy and Counseling , LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
HLA Therapy and Counseling
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Cincinnatus, NY 13040  (Online Only)
My ideal client is someone who is experiencing significant emotional and psychological challenges but is committed to their healing journey. They are open to exploring their feelings, thoughts, and behaviors, and are seeking support to navigate their complex emotions and experiences. By addressing these issues, needs, goals, and wants, my ideal client is supported in their path towards healing, growth, and a more fulfilling life. Through the therapeutic process, they can learn to navigate their emotions, build resilience, and foster healthier relationships, ultimately leading to a more empowered and hopeful future.
My ideal client is someone who is experiencing significant emotional and psychological challenges but is committed to their healing journey. They are open to exploring their feelings, thoughts, and behaviors, and are seeking support to navigate their complex emotions and experiences. By addressing these issues, needs, goals, and wants, my ideal client is supported in their path towards healing, growth, and a more fulfilling life. Through the therapeutic process, they can learn to navigate their emotions, build resilience, and foster healthier relationships, ultimately leading to a more empowered and hopeful future.
(607) 800-5453 View (607) 800-5453
Photo of Angela Contento, LMHC, NCC, Counselor
Angela Contento
Counselor, LMHC, NCC
Verified Verified
Cortland, NY 13045  (Online Only)
I'm here to support clients who are looking to strengthen their mental health, relationships, and adaptability. Every day we face challenges and stress; whether it is neurobiologically based, interpersonal, a trauma response, or the result of systemic stressors of an unjust society. While I use a variety of approaches and techniques based on client needs, my foundation is person centered. You deserve a safe, nonjudgmental space to break down or build back up. I believe my clients have all the answers within them and are capable of great things. My role is to use my education, training, and empathy to help you reach your goals.
I'm here to support clients who are looking to strengthen their mental health, relationships, and adaptability. Every day we face challenges and stress; whether it is neurobiologically based, interpersonal, a trauma response, or the result of systemic stressors of an unjust society. While I use a variety of approaches and techniques based on client needs, my foundation is person centered. You deserve a safe, nonjudgmental space to break down or build back up. I believe my clients have all the answers within them and are capable of great things. My role is to use my education, training, and empathy to help you reach your goals.
(607) 600-9502 View (607) 600-9502
Photo of Kurt Warner, LMSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Kurt Warner
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
Cortland, NY 13045  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
Life is hard. There are so many challenges that can get us off track. Most challenges can be diminished if not overcome by closely examining them and seeing them from a different vantage point. We can work together to pinpoint what makes meaning in your life and use what motivates you to overcome or better traverse whatever problem may be that you are experiencing. With good communication and a solid understanding and grasp of who you are and what you want out of life, I don't believe there is any issue in life that we cannot work together to mitigate or overcome. I have flexible hours that include days and nights.
Life is hard. There are so many challenges that can get us off track. Most challenges can be diminished if not overcome by closely examining them and seeing them from a different vantage point. We can work together to pinpoint what makes meaning in your life and use what motivates you to overcome or better traverse whatever problem may be that you are experiencing. With good communication and a solid understanding and grasp of who you are and what you want out of life, I don't believe there is any issue in life that we cannot work together to mitigate or overcome. I have flexible hours that include days and nights.
(607) 246-2334 View (607) 246-2334
Photo of Jessica Gelfand, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Jessica Gelfand
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Cortland, NY 13045  (Online Only)
Hello! I'm Jessica, I'm a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) working in New York State. I specialize in working with adults with a range of concerns from serious mental health diagnoses to addiction, to anxiety and relationship concerns. I typically work with adults dealing with depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, substance use disorders, and/or PTSD. I'm happy to discuss diagnoses and conditions not listed as well. I work with individuals of all gender identities, as well as everyone across the LGBTIQA+ spectrum.
Hello! I'm Jessica, I'm a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) working in New York State. I specialize in working with adults with a range of concerns from serious mental health diagnoses to addiction, to anxiety and relationship concerns. I typically work with adults dealing with depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, substance use disorders, and/or PTSD. I'm happy to discuss diagnoses and conditions not listed as well. I work with individuals of all gender identities, as well as everyone across the LGBTIQA+ spectrum.
(646) 718-0776 View (646) 718-0776
Photo of Jacklyn Kelly, LMHC
Jacklyn Kelly
Mental Health Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Homer, NY 13077  (Online Only)
Life can be tough sometimes and we can all benefit from having an unbiased, non-judgemental, validating (yet honest), supportive person. I am here to help you work through your thoughts and emotions, expand self-awareness, decrease bothersome symptoms and increase an overall sense of happiness and wellbeing. My warm and casual approach often helps clients feel comfortable and at ease, to allow themselves to be honest and vulnerable, to discuss the sometimes difficult topics, the day to day stressors, or anything in between. From the initial session until the last, I will meet you where you are at.
Life can be tough sometimes and we can all benefit from having an unbiased, non-judgemental, validating (yet honest), supportive person. I am here to help you work through your thoughts and emotions, expand self-awareness, decrease bothersome symptoms and increase an overall sense of happiness and wellbeing. My warm and casual approach often helps clients feel comfortable and at ease, to allow themselves to be honest and vulnerable, to discuss the sometimes difficult topics, the day to day stressors, or anything in between. From the initial session until the last, I will meet you where you are at.
(813) 906-0638 View (813) 906-0638
Photo of Amanda S. Hartman, LCSW-R, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Amanda S. Hartman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-R
Verified Verified
Cortland, NY 13045  (Online Only)
Having happiness and peace in your life again can be possible. Exploring new options for self care and wellness can help you attain your goal of feeling better. By discovering the possibilities for change, therapy will help you be who you want to be and gain control back in your life. My approach to therapy is patient and caring. I will listen to your needs and work collaboratively to help you build new coping skills and strengthen those you already posess.
Having happiness and peace in your life again can be possible. Exploring new options for self care and wellness can help you attain your goal of feeling better. By discovering the possibilities for change, therapy will help you be who you want to be and gain control back in your life. My approach to therapy is patient and caring. I will listen to your needs and work collaboratively to help you build new coping skills and strengthen those you already posess.
(315) 254-2182 View (315) 254-2182
Photo of Melinda McCullough, LCSW-R, MSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Melinda McCullough
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-R, MSW
Verified Verified
Cortland, NY 13045
Not accepting new clients
Not accepting clients at this time. A strong connection to your therapist is the cornerstone of good therapy and is more likely to lead towards personal growth and achievement of your life goals. I want you to feel heard, understood and successful in your healing journey. I use an approach that is warm, welcoming and real with my clients. I specialize my work with adults who have experienced relational trauma, depression, anxiety and victims of narcissistic abuse. I am certified in trauma therapies such as TF-CBT, IFS, and Tapping (EFT). I also pull from an eclectic approach of therapies such as CBT, DBT, ACT and family systems.
Not accepting clients at this time. A strong connection to your therapist is the cornerstone of good therapy and is more likely to lead towards personal growth and achievement of your life goals. I want you to feel heard, understood and successful in your healing journey. I use an approach that is warm, welcoming and real with my clients. I specialize my work with adults who have experienced relational trauma, depression, anxiety and victims of narcissistic abuse. I am certified in trauma therapies such as TF-CBT, IFS, and Tapping (EFT). I also pull from an eclectic approach of therapies such as CBT, DBT, ACT and family systems.
Photo of Giselle Noboa, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Giselle Noboa
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Homer, NY 13077  (Online Only)
I am a licensed mental health provider in the state of New York. I work with clients with many concerns, including depression, anxiety, relationship issues, career challenges, OCD, and ADHD. I also help many people who have experienced physical trauma or emotional abuse.
I am a licensed mental health provider in the state of New York. I work with clients with many concerns, including depression, anxiety, relationship issues, career challenges, OCD, and ADHD. I also help many people who have experienced physical trauma or emotional abuse.
(646) 566-8589 View (646) 566-8589
Photo of Barbara Lantz, PhD, LCSW-R, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Barbara Lantz
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PhD, LCSW-R
Verified Verified
Cortland, NY 13045  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
If you're on this website reading therapists' profiles, you or someone you care about are probably wrestling with unpleasant feelings or difficult life circumstances. I can help you figure out what is working in your life, what is not working, what can change, and how to make change. I listen carefully and ask thoughtful questions to explore where you've been, where you are now, and where you need to go next, working through the tough stuff along the way in a spirit of respect and caring.
If you're on this website reading therapists' profiles, you or someone you care about are probably wrestling with unpleasant feelings or difficult life circumstances. I can help you figure out what is working in your life, what is not working, what can change, and how to make change. I listen carefully and ask thoughtful questions to explore where you've been, where you are now, and where you need to go next, working through the tough stuff along the way in a spirit of respect and caring.
(607) 269-4466 View (607) 269-4466
Photo of B Beth Cohen, PhD, Psychologist
B Beth Cohen
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Cortland, NY 13045
Not accepting new clients
Whether you're really hurting or simply seeking personal growth, I'm happy to help. How I practice is mainly cognitive-behavioral, but I also draw from nonviolent communication, feminist therapy, and anti-racist multicultural counseling. I work with people who have a fairly broad range of concerns (see list to the right). I work with adults and older teens; individuals, couples, and groups. I especially enjoy helping clients with a stigmatized identity overcome both internalized and external oppression. I welcome transgender and other queer folk; Muslims, immigrants, and racial and ethnic "minority" members; and activists for social and environmental justice.
Whether you're really hurting or simply seeking personal growth, I'm happy to help. How I practice is mainly cognitive-behavioral, but I also draw from nonviolent communication, feminist therapy, and anti-racist multicultural counseling. I work with people who have a fairly broad range of concerns (see list to the right). I work with adults and older teens; individuals, couples, and groups. I especially enjoy helping clients with a stigmatized identity overcome both internalized and external oppression. I welcome transgender and other queer folk; Muslims, immigrants, and racial and ethnic "minority" members; and activists for social and environmental justice.
(607) 953-5991 View (607) 953-5991
Photo of Max Malikow, LMHC, Counselor
Max Malikow
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Cortland, NY 13045
2,500 years ago Socrates said, "The unexamined life is not worth living." He believed a good life requires an understanding of why we think, act, and feel as we do. Since relationship is part of psychotherapy, the personalities and philosophies of life of the client and therapist must be compatible. I am well-suited for clients who are curious about human behavior - their own as well as that of others. Before there were psychologists, the issues of life were addressed by philosophers. Thoroughly examining life includes considering ancient wisdom and spiritual reality as well as psychology (the science of mind and behavior).
2,500 years ago Socrates said, "The unexamined life is not worth living." He believed a good life requires an understanding of why we think, act, and feel as we do. Since relationship is part of psychotherapy, the personalities and philosophies of life of the client and therapist must be compatible. I am well-suited for clients who are curious about human behavior - their own as well as that of others. Before there were psychologists, the issues of life were addressed by philosophers. Thoroughly examining life includes considering ancient wisdom and spiritual reality as well as psychology (the science of mind and behavior).
(315) 474-4357 View (315) 474-4357
Photo of Joanne Zager, PhD, Psychologist
Joanne Zager
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Cortland, NY 13045
Are you experiencing anxiety, depression or confusion? Are you a veteran/and or a military spouse who are experiencing symptoms of Post-traumatic Stress Disorder(PTSD)? Do you have feelings and /or behaviors that may be a result of trauma, relationship problems, work or school stress? Collaboratively, we work to identify and resolve your concerns. I work with adults, families, students and the LGBT community - who you are adds dimension to our work together! I am a NY state licensed psychologist in private practice. My cognitive behavioral approach is supplemented with guided imagery, EMDR and/or hypnosis.
Are you experiencing anxiety, depression or confusion? Are you a veteran/and or a military spouse who are experiencing symptoms of Post-traumatic Stress Disorder(PTSD)? Do you have feelings and /or behaviors that may be a result of trauma, relationship problems, work or school stress? Collaboratively, we work to identify and resolve your concerns. I work with adults, families, students and the LGBT community - who you are adds dimension to our work together! I am a NY state licensed psychologist in private practice. My cognitive behavioral approach is supplemented with guided imagery, EMDR and/or hypnosis.
(607) 431-8928 View (607) 431-8928
1

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How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Cortland County, NY

60+

Average cost per session

$140

Therapists in Cortland County, NY who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
87% Depression
83% Relationship Issues
77% Self Esteem
73% Trauma and PTSD
72% Stress
70% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

15 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

91% Aetna
51% Cigna and Evernorth
49% Optum

How Therapists in Cortland County, NY see their clients

51% Online Only
49% In Person and Online

Gender breakdown

85% Female
14% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Cortland County?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.