Therapists in Vancouver, WA

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Photo of Brooke Jefferson, LMHCI, Pre-Licensed Professional
Brooke Jefferson
Pre-Licensed Professional, LMHCI
Verified Verified
Vancouver, WA 98660
Not accepting new clients
I am especially passionate about working with teens and adults who are navigating trauma, dissociation, eating disorders, and/or any experience of marginalization. For me, it’s an honor to walk alongside you in your wellness journey, and you can expect me to meet you wherever you are in the process with a nonjudgmental stance. I bring warmth and an authentic enthusiasm to witnessing you as already whole, just as you are.
I am especially passionate about working with teens and adults who are navigating trauma, dissociation, eating disorders, and/or any experience of marginalization. For me, it’s an honor to walk alongside you in your wellness journey, and you can expect me to meet you wherever you are in the process with a nonjudgmental stance. I bring warmth and an authentic enthusiasm to witnessing you as already whole, just as you are.
(360) 979-1376 View (360) 979-1376
Photo of Shane Ladd, MA, LMHCA
Shane Ladd
Mental Health Counselor Associate, MA, LMHCA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Vancouver, WA 98660
A Traumatic experience is like an injury and can have a long lasting effect and impact the way you perceive and interact in the world. Individuals experiencing trauma may have difficulty regulating emotions such as anger, anxiety, sadness and easily feel overwhelmed, numb and shut down. Trauma not only affects our relationship with ourselves but impacts our relationship with others. I am also a TFMR Mom that had a Stillbirth. I am passionate about serving other parents who have experienced TFMR, Stillbirth and Child loss at any point. The grief that accompanies this loss is tremendous and isolating. I am here to help.
A Traumatic experience is like an injury and can have a long lasting effect and impact the way you perceive and interact in the world. Individuals experiencing trauma may have difficulty regulating emotions such as anger, anxiety, sadness and easily feel overwhelmed, numb and shut down. Trauma not only affects our relationship with ourselves but impacts our relationship with others. I am also a TFMR Mom that had a Stillbirth. I am passionate about serving other parents who have experienced TFMR, Stillbirth and Child loss at any point. The grief that accompanies this loss is tremendous and isolating. I am here to help.
(360) 230-6279 View (360) 230-6279
Photo of Roxane Renee Johnson, LICSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Roxane Renee Johnson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Vancouver, WA 98660
Waitlist for new clients
Discover Your Path to Growth and Healing! Are you ready to embark on a transformative journey towards personal growth and healing? I'm a licensed clinical social worker specializing in helping children, teens, and adults overcome challenges. Using evidence-based techniques like ACT, DBT, and CBT, I'll guide you through present and past issues. If you have any of the insurance listed below, please head over to HelloAlma.com and request a consult.
Discover Your Path to Growth and Healing! Are you ready to embark on a transformative journey towards personal growth and healing? I'm a licensed clinical social worker specializing in helping children, teens, and adults overcome challenges. Using evidence-based techniques like ACT, DBT, and CBT, I'll guide you through present and past issues. If you have any of the insurance listed below, please head over to HelloAlma.com and request a consult.
(360) 800-3591 View (360) 800-3591
Photo of Beth Rivers, LMHC, LPC, CADC, Counselor
Beth Rivers
Counselor, LMHC, LPC, CADC
Verified Verified
Vancouver, WA 98660  (Online Only)
I believe counseling is a collaborative process between the counselor and client working towards positive health outcomes. Using an eclectic approach to the therapeutic process I utilize components of my training in CBT, ACT, DBT, Gottman, addiction studies, sand tray and play therapy. My counseling approach is rooted in Family Systems Theories. I am trained to help clients with many struggles including addictions, depression, anxiety, first responders trauma, active duty military and veterans, couples, and families.
I believe counseling is a collaborative process between the counselor and client working towards positive health outcomes. Using an eclectic approach to the therapeutic process I utilize components of my training in CBT, ACT, DBT, Gottman, addiction studies, sand tray and play therapy. My counseling approach is rooted in Family Systems Theories. I am trained to help clients with many struggles including addictions, depression, anxiety, first responders trauma, active duty military and veterans, couples, and families.
(360) 800-1878 View (360) 800-1878
Photo of Preston Brennan, MA, LMHCA, Counselor
Preston Brennan
Counselor, MA, LMHCA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Vancouver, WA 98684
You’ve seen enough videos, listened to enough podcasts, and read enough articles to know what you should do to fix your problems. Yet, you always seem to find yourself back in the same patterns you wanted out of. Whether it’s porn, substance use, procrastination, stress, or anger, you can’t shake the feeling that you're stuck with them. You may have even started to wonder if change is possible. Often, we feel this way because we are so focused on the symptoms, that we cannot address the deeper pain that is causing them.
You’ve seen enough videos, listened to enough podcasts, and read enough articles to know what you should do to fix your problems. Yet, you always seem to find yourself back in the same patterns you wanted out of. Whether it’s porn, substance use, procrastination, stress, or anger, you can’t shake the feeling that you're stuck with them. You may have even started to wonder if change is possible. Often, we feel this way because we are so focused on the symptoms, that we cannot address the deeper pain that is causing them.
(360) 215-5905 View (360) 215-5905
Photo of Natalie Schwartz, Counselor
Natalie Schwartz
Counselor
Verified Verified
Vancouver, WA 98686
Natalie's education includes a Bachelor of Arts degree in Psychology from Chapman University and a Master of Arts degree in Counseling Psychology from Lewis and Clark College. Her major graduate coursework included Individual, Group and Family Counseling, Lifespan Development, Theories in Counseling and Behavior Change in Children, Treatment and Diagnosis of Mental Health Disorders, Clinical Work in Diverse Populations, Ethical and Legal Issues in Mental Health Counseling, Play Therapy, Sand Tray and Assessment. Natalie has worked in Residential, Therapeutic School, Clinic Based, school and client home settings.
Natalie's education includes a Bachelor of Arts degree in Psychology from Chapman University and a Master of Arts degree in Counseling Psychology from Lewis and Clark College. Her major graduate coursework included Individual, Group and Family Counseling, Lifespan Development, Theories in Counseling and Behavior Change in Children, Treatment and Diagnosis of Mental Health Disorders, Clinical Work in Diverse Populations, Ethical and Legal Issues in Mental Health Counseling, Play Therapy, Sand Tray and Assessment. Natalie has worked in Residential, Therapeutic School, Clinic Based, school and client home settings.
(360) 361-8427 View (360) 361-8427
Photo of Tracy Metz, LMHCA, Counselor
Tracy Metz
Counselor, LMHCA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Vancouver, WA 98662
Deciding to seek out change and be vulnerable, demands respect and garners a therapist which will meet you where you are at in the change process. I am a therapist that loves to work with anyone with a desire to do something different in their life.
Deciding to seek out change and be vulnerable, demands respect and garners a therapist which will meet you where you are at in the change process. I am a therapist that loves to work with anyone with a desire to do something different in their life.
(360) 868-8467 View (360) 868-8467
Photo of Rachel Rutkie, PsyD, Psychologist
Rachel Rutkie
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Vancouver, WA 98662  (Online Only)
I believe therapy that combines emotional processing, skill development, and a strong therapeutic relationship can give way to a process that can be transformational for both client and therapist. When engaged in therapy, I see the potential for every person to experience newfound motivation and profound insights that lead to acknowledging new possibilities and taking action. I have experience working with people from diverse backgrounds including the LGBTQ+ community, the BIPOC community, individuals who struggle with substances/addictive behaviors, and individuals from various economic backgrounds.
I believe therapy that combines emotional processing, skill development, and a strong therapeutic relationship can give way to a process that can be transformational for both client and therapist. When engaged in therapy, I see the potential for every person to experience newfound motivation and profound insights that lead to acknowledging new possibilities and taking action. I have experience working with people from diverse backgrounds including the LGBTQ+ community, the BIPOC community, individuals who struggle with substances/addictive behaviors, and individuals from various economic backgrounds.
(360) 543-4220 View (360) 543-4220
Heritage NW Consulting
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSWAIC
Verified Verified
Vancouver, WA 98662
Heritage NW Consulting offers therapy for those with mental health diagnoses and for those who are seeking personal growth in a supportive and friendly environment. Individuals can benefit from therapy to develop positive lifestyle choices, balance, increase insights to unlock barriers on potential and manage life transitions. Heritage NW Consulting offers office and Telehealth visits for your convenience
Heritage NW Consulting offers therapy for those with mental health diagnoses and for those who are seeking personal growth in a supportive and friendly environment. Individuals can benefit from therapy to develop positive lifestyle choices, balance, increase insights to unlock barriers on potential and manage life transitions. Heritage NW Consulting offers office and Telehealth visits for your convenience
(360) 845-1282 x98661 View (360) 845-1282 x98661
Photo of Dr. Davina Kotulski, PhD, Psychologist
Dr. Davina Kotulski
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Vancouver, WA 98685  (Online Only)
With over 20 years of experience, I help individuals reclaim personal power, embrace authenticity, and find fulfillment. I will help you navigate challenges, find your strength, and grow. Sometimes it's addressing past wounds, building self-esteem, or tackling relationship or career obstacles. Licensed in WA and OR specialities include couples therapy, life transitions, depression, and anxiety and supporting LGBTQ clients and families in the coming out process by fostering self-expression, honesty, and self-acceptance. I offer a comprehensive toolkit for thriving.
With over 20 years of experience, I help individuals reclaim personal power, embrace authenticity, and find fulfillment. I will help you navigate challenges, find your strength, and grow. Sometimes it's addressing past wounds, building self-esteem, or tackling relationship or career obstacles. Licensed in WA and OR specialities include couples therapy, life transitions, depression, and anxiety and supporting LGBTQ clients and families in the coming out process by fostering self-expression, honesty, and self-acceptance. I offer a comprehensive toolkit for thriving.
(360) 594-5801 View (360) 594-5801
Photo of Lawrance McClung, LICSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Lawrance McClung
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Vancouver, WA 98662
I provide an inclusive space for gender identity exploration and affirmation. All people deserve to embrace their inherent worth and dignity, I encourage and support people as they grow into living fully as their authentic self. EMDR trained, I assist people reprocess their trauma in an accepting and validating space to reduce symptoms of PTSD and regain confidence in their sense of safety. I I offer support and skills for individuals with mental health conditions including Bipolar I and psychosis for symptom reduction, stabilization and maintenance.
I provide an inclusive space for gender identity exploration and affirmation. All people deserve to embrace their inherent worth and dignity, I encourage and support people as they grow into living fully as their authentic self. EMDR trained, I assist people reprocess their trauma in an accepting and validating space to reduce symptoms of PTSD and regain confidence in their sense of safety. I I offer support and skills for individuals with mental health conditions including Bipolar I and psychosis for symptom reduction, stabilization and maintenance.
(360) 745-1123 View (360) 745-1123
Photo of Jennifer C Barber, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Jennifer C Barber
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Vancouver, WA 98661
Not accepting new clients
Hi! I am happy you found me. Let's get to work. Together, with open/honest/and direct communication, we will work to identify and overcome your obstacles and improve your life, one step at a time. Do you feel overwhelmed with life? Are you struggling with a tough transition? I can help. Are you experiencing a life/family crisis? Do you need some coaching on important decisions in order to move your life forward? Call me. With over 23 years experience, I know how to help you. I work with individuals as well as married and unmarried couples.
Hi! I am happy you found me. Let's get to work. Together, with open/honest/and direct communication, we will work to identify and overcome your obstacles and improve your life, one step at a time. Do you feel overwhelmed with life? Are you struggling with a tough transition? I can help. Are you experiencing a life/family crisis? Do you need some coaching on important decisions in order to move your life forward? Call me. With over 23 years experience, I know how to help you. I work with individuals as well as married and unmarried couples.
(360) 972-3514 View (360) 972-3514
Photo of Justin S. Schultz, MA, LMHC, Counselor
Justin S. Schultz
Counselor, MA, LMHC
Verified Verified
Vancouver, WA 98661
Waitlist for new clients
Are you struggling with feeling overwhelmed, depressed, or anxious with your current situation or recent life transition? Maybe you feel like life is an uphill battle. Well, I am here to help. I am a licensed mental health counselor in Vancouver, Washington. My approach to counseling is to provide you with a safe, nonjudgmental, and comfortable space to explore what you would like your life to look like and how we can get you moving in that direction.
Are you struggling with feeling overwhelmed, depressed, or anxious with your current situation or recent life transition? Maybe you feel like life is an uphill battle. Well, I am here to help. I am a licensed mental health counselor in Vancouver, Washington. My approach to counseling is to provide you with a safe, nonjudgmental, and comfortable space to explore what you would like your life to look like and how we can get you moving in that direction.
(360) 205-9536 View (360) 205-9536
Photo of Scott Groseclose, LMFTA, AAC
Scott Groseclose
LMFTA, AAC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Vancouver, WA 98663  (Online Only)
Online Only! I work with adolescents through various work experiences. I enjoy working with couples who may be struggling in their relationship because I believe there is no problem large enough that we cannot work through. The same goes for families. The family is a fundamental building block in all of our relationships, through which all other relationships we may have can grow. I work together with my clients to create goals and helps equip them with tools to continue to grow throughout the rest of their lives. I create a safe environment in order for my clients to be able to open up and find healing in all aspects of life.
Online Only! I work with adolescents through various work experiences. I enjoy working with couples who may be struggling in their relationship because I believe there is no problem large enough that we cannot work through. The same goes for families. The family is a fundamental building block in all of our relationships, through which all other relationships we may have can grow. I work together with my clients to create goals and helps equip them with tools to continue to grow throughout the rest of their lives. I create a safe environment in order for my clients to be able to open up and find healing in all aspects of life.
(360) 281-6824 View (360) 281-6824
Photo of Tiffany Sheely, MS, LMHC, LCPC, LPC, Counselor
Tiffany Sheely
Counselor, MS, LMHC, LCPC, LPC
Verified Verified
Vancouver, WA 98662  (Online Only)
You appreciate education and are not looking for a faith-based place to heal. You also need a place where you are comfortable swearing and discussing life events. You struggle speaking your mind at times and may be your worst critic. Chronic stress, constant worry, or past trauma may also be contributing. Your relationships, emotional management, physical health, or sense of progress is being affected. You may recognize you are no longer being your best self and are searching for a better mindset. If you consider yourself neurodivergent, we may also be a good fit. I currently take Aetna and United Healthcare/Optum plans.
You appreciate education and are not looking for a faith-based place to heal. You also need a place where you are comfortable swearing and discussing life events. You struggle speaking your mind at times and may be your worst critic. Chronic stress, constant worry, or past trauma may also be contributing. Your relationships, emotional management, physical health, or sense of progress is being affected. You may recognize you are no longer being your best self and are searching for a better mindset. If you consider yourself neurodivergent, we may also be a good fit. I currently take Aetna and United Healthcare/Optum plans.
(360) 226-8718 View (360) 226-8718
Photo of Joey Schweinfurth, MA, Counselor
Joey Schweinfurth
Counselor, MA
Verified Verified
Vancouver, WA 98686
I firmly believe that there is power in lending an ear and meeting someone where they are at through providing empathy and support. With that support change is possible, and clients can work towards seeing the growth an healing they desire. I would be honored to provide that ear to listen and support you as we work together to reach your goals and achieve the change you wish to see in your life. I primarily work with individuals 13+ who are dealing with depression, anxiety, relationship issues, divorce/separation support, communication & self-esteem issues and men's issues. Se habla espanol, por favor contactarme para mas detalles.
I firmly believe that there is power in lending an ear and meeting someone where they are at through providing empathy and support. With that support change is possible, and clients can work towards seeing the growth an healing they desire. I would be honored to provide that ear to listen and support you as we work together to reach your goals and achieve the change you wish to see in your life. I primarily work with individuals 13+ who are dealing with depression, anxiety, relationship issues, divorce/separation support, communication & self-esteem issues and men's issues. Se habla espanol, por favor contactarme para mas detalles.
(360) 531-7451 View (360) 531-7451
Photo of Tucker Douglas Gerhardt, MA, LMHC-A, Pre-Licensed Professional
Tucker Douglas Gerhardt
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, LMHC-A
Verified Verified
Vancouver, WA 98663
Do you sometimes feel like you are not enough? Are you carrying a heavy burden? Do you feel like you're not living a life that is in line with your true self? I can help! I truly believe in the healing power of shining light on the parts of ourselves that we normally keep hidden. As a therapist I strive to develop a nurturing and honest alliance where you can freely explore your thoughts, emotions, and experiences, free from judgement.
Do you sometimes feel like you are not enough? Are you carrying a heavy burden? Do you feel like you're not living a life that is in line with your true self? I can help! I truly believe in the healing power of shining light on the parts of ourselves that we normally keep hidden. As a therapist I strive to develop a nurturing and honest alliance where you can freely explore your thoughts, emotions, and experiences, free from judgement.
(360) 657-9361 View (360) 657-9361
Photo of Marla Carman, MA,  LMHC, Counselor
Marla Carman
Counselor, MA, LMHC
Verified Verified
Vancouver, WA 98683
Joy Carman is a Licensed Mental Health Counselor who has been practicing since 2005. She earned her Master of Arts in Professional Counseling (MAPC) and her Bachelor of Arts in Psychology (BA) from Ottawa University, along with two Certification of Advanced Degrees in Clinical Counseling and Trauma, Abuse and Deprivation (CAGS). She has credentials from the National Board of Certified Counselors as a National Certified Counselor (NCC) and a Board Certified-Telemental Health Provider (BC-TMHP). She is trained in EMDR therapy since 2008.
Joy Carman is a Licensed Mental Health Counselor who has been practicing since 2005. She earned her Master of Arts in Professional Counseling (MAPC) and her Bachelor of Arts in Psychology (BA) from Ottawa University, along with two Certification of Advanced Degrees in Clinical Counseling and Trauma, Abuse and Deprivation (CAGS). She has credentials from the National Board of Certified Counselors as a National Certified Counselor (NCC) and a Board Certified-Telemental Health Provider (BC-TMHP). She is trained in EMDR therapy since 2008.
(877) 795-2864 View (877) 795-2864
Photo of Davyd Kazakov, MA, LMHCA, Counselor
Davyd Kazakov
Counselor, MA, LMHCA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Vancouver, WA 98685
In my counseling practice, I take an eclectic approach, drawing from Person-Centered, Existential-Humanistic, Cognitive-Behavioral, and Psychodynamic models. My goal is to empower clients by building a strong therapeutic relationship, where respect, acceptance, authenticity, and a focus on personal growth create a safe space for healing. I hold a master’s degree in Clinical Mental Health Counseling from George Fox University and a bachelor’s degree in Psychology from Washington State University. Additionally, I am licensed as a Mental Health Counselor Associate (LMHCA) by the WA State Department of Health.
In my counseling practice, I take an eclectic approach, drawing from Person-Centered, Existential-Humanistic, Cognitive-Behavioral, and Psychodynamic models. My goal is to empower clients by building a strong therapeutic relationship, where respect, acceptance, authenticity, and a focus on personal growth create a safe space for healing. I hold a master’s degree in Clinical Mental Health Counseling from George Fox University and a bachelor’s degree in Psychology from Washington State University. Additionally, I am licensed as a Mental Health Counselor Associate (LMHCA) by the WA State Department of Health.
(360) 399-2923 View (360) 399-2923
Photo of Kristen Doyle, MSW, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Kristen Doyle
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
Vancouver, WA 98660
Not accepting new clients
A warm "hello" to you! Are you navigating relationship issues and seeking guidance on communication and conflict resolution? Do have ADHD and seeking support and strategies to cope effectively in daily life? Have you experienced trauma and are you looking for a therapist that understands the complexities of trauma? What about dealing with anxiety, depression or facing significant life stressors or changes, such as career transitions, relationship changes or major life events? These are all areas I specialize in as a clinical therapist.
A warm "hello" to you! Are you navigating relationship issues and seeking guidance on communication and conflict resolution? Do have ADHD and seeking support and strategies to cope effectively in daily life? Have you experienced trauma and are you looking for a therapist that understands the complexities of trauma? What about dealing with anxiety, depression or facing significant life stressors or changes, such as career transitions, relationship changes or major life events? These are all areas I specialize in as a clinical therapist.
(206) 984-9582 View (206) 984-9582
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How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Vancouver, WA

900+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Vancouver, WA who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
86% Depression
75% Trauma and PTSD
71% Relationship Issues
68% Self Esteem
67% Stress
65% Grief

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

72% Aetna
56% Cigna and Evernorth
52% Regence

How Therapists in Vancouver, WA see their clients

62% In Person and Online
38% Online Only

Gender breakdown

78% Female
20% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Vancouver?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.