Therapists in Marietta, GA

Photo of Alisha Rorer, Marriage & Family Therapist in Marietta, GA
Alisha Rorer
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, LMFT
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Marietta, GA 30067
I work with couples who are struggling with communicating and feeling heard, who are having difficulty with trust, who are having trouble with resolving conflict, or who are having challenges with intimacy. I also work with individuals who are struggling with patterns of unhealthy relationships or who are having trouble with managing stressors. I help families who have conflict and communication issues or fathers who are having difficulty with developing healthy relationships with their children. As a consultant, I offer interactive workshops, seminars, research projects, and speaking engagements for topics related to mental health, relationships, parenting, fatherhood, and self-care.
I work with couples who are struggling with communicating and feeling heard, who are having difficulty with trust, who are having trouble with resolving conflict, or who are having challenges with intimacy. I also work with individuals who are struggling with patterns of unhealthy relationships or who are having trouble with managing stressors. I help families who have conflict and communication issues or fathers who are having difficulty with developing healthy relationships with their children. As a consultant, I offer interactive workshops, seminars, research projects, and speaking engagements for topics related to mental health, relationships, parenting, fatherhood, and self-care.
(770) 954-8341 View (770) 954-8341
Photo of Shelley Northrup, Licensed Professional Counselor in Marietta, GA
Shelley Northrup
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, CPCS, EdS, MhS
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Marietta, GA 30067
ACCEPTING NEW CLIENTS. I am a Licensed Professional Counselor and Certified Professional Counselor Supervisor who is trauma-informed, strengths-focused and enjoys bringing humor and creativity into the therapy room. My aim is to create a supportive, open space where I work with clients collaboratively to create goals for treatment and empower clients towards living a life where they find meaning and purpose. I provide clients with skills towards accepting thoughts and emotions, learning how to manage challenging emotions, finding peace in the present moment, resolving trauma responses and difficult memories.
ACCEPTING NEW CLIENTS. I am a Licensed Professional Counselor and Certified Professional Counselor Supervisor who is trauma-informed, strengths-focused and enjoys bringing humor and creativity into the therapy room. My aim is to create a supportive, open space where I work with clients collaboratively to create goals for treatment and empower clients towards living a life where they find meaning and purpose. I provide clients with skills towards accepting thoughts and emotions, learning how to manage challenging emotions, finding peace in the present moment, resolving trauma responses and difficult memories.
(404) 341-6591 View (404) 341-6591
Photo of Leslie D Arrowsmith, Licensed Professional Counselor in Marietta, GA
Leslie D Arrowsmith
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, NCC, LPC
Verified Verified
Marietta, GA 30062  (Online Only)
As a Cognitive Behavioral Therapist, I believe just as much therapeutic work should be done outside of therapy as within counseling sessions. Being fully invested in the therapeutic process is key to positive outcomes. Clients are expected to be fully present during therapy sessions and open to experimenting with a variety of techniques to assist with identifying how thoughts, feelings, and situations contribute to maladaptive behaviors.
As a Cognitive Behavioral Therapist, I believe just as much therapeutic work should be done outside of therapy as within counseling sessions. Being fully invested in the therapeutic process is key to positive outcomes. Clients are expected to be fully present during therapy sessions and open to experimenting with a variety of techniques to assist with identifying how thoughts, feelings, and situations contribute to maladaptive behaviors.
(678) 905-4755 View (678) 905-4755
Photo of Lana Banegas, Marriage & Family Therapist in Marietta, GA
Lana Banegas
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT, MAT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Marietta, GA 30064
My specialty is couples counseling and sex therapy. I also address issues of spiritually and self-esteem. I work with couples around affair recovery, perpetual conflictual interactions, and help couples develop and maintain intimate emotional and sexual relationships. I work with individuals to help them overcome painful childhood experiences and guide them to connect to others in healthy ways. I treat couples and individuals for orgasmic difficulties, disparate and low desire, body image issues, erectile difficulties, delayed ejaculation, premature ejaculation, painful intercourse, and lack of emotional intimacy during sex.
My specialty is couples counseling and sex therapy. I also address issues of spiritually and self-esteem. I work with couples around affair recovery, perpetual conflictual interactions, and help couples develop and maintain intimate emotional and sexual relationships. I work with individuals to help them overcome painful childhood experiences and guide them to connect to others in healthy ways. I treat couples and individuals for orgasmic difficulties, disparate and low desire, body image issues, erectile difficulties, delayed ejaculation, premature ejaculation, painful intercourse, and lack of emotional intimacy during sex.
(678) 752-4489 View (678) 752-4489
Photo of Thomas Bass, Licensed Professional Counselor in Marietta, GA
Thomas Bass
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Marietta, GA 30066
I have had a lot of experience working with anxiety and depression and have also worked a lot with men who are presenting for counseling for the first time. I have had a lot of success with anger management and have also worked well with LGBTQI population.
I have had a lot of experience working with anxiety and depression and have also worked a lot with men who are presenting for counseling for the first time. I have had a lot of success with anger management and have also worked well with LGBTQI population.
(678) 582-2267 View (678) 582-2267
Photo of Jacqueline Gregorie, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Marietta, GA
Jacqueline Gregorie
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Marietta, GA 30062
Do you or a loved one suffer from anxiety and/or OCD? Do you have trouble with unwanted thoughts or worries, physical symptoms of anxiety, perfectionism, phobias, or trouble getting to school or work? Is anxiety/OCD getting in the way of living your best life or achieving your goals? Cognitive behavioral therapy, and more specifically exposure-based therapy, can help you manage anxiety and help you live the life you want! It is very goal driven and results-oriented. Sessions build on each other, and you will notice progress quickly. Therapy can happen in the office or outside of the office. There is a large parent component too.
Do you or a loved one suffer from anxiety and/or OCD? Do you have trouble with unwanted thoughts or worries, physical symptoms of anxiety, perfectionism, phobias, or trouble getting to school or work? Is anxiety/OCD getting in the way of living your best life or achieving your goals? Cognitive behavioral therapy, and more specifically exposure-based therapy, can help you manage anxiety and help you live the life you want! It is very goal driven and results-oriented. Sessions build on each other, and you will notice progress quickly. Therapy can happen in the office or outside of the office. There is a large parent component too.
(678) 736-7583 View (678) 736-7583
Mary Allred
LPC Intern
Verified Verified
Marietta, GA 30060
Many of us come to therapy with a destination in mind, yet the process is where transformation occurs. Like the trek to a mountain peak, therapy is a process of preparation, overcoming obstacles, learning to set a healthy pace, and celebrating small victories along the way. Mary cherishes supporting clients as they embark on journeys of self-discovery, healing, reconciliation, and more, while jointly navigating the twists and turns the path may take. The journey awaits! Whether this is your first time in therapy or you're continuing the journey, Mary is eager to come alongside you as you discover and pursue your therapy goals.
Many of us come to therapy with a destination in mind, yet the process is where transformation occurs. Like the trek to a mountain peak, therapy is a process of preparation, overcoming obstacles, learning to set a healthy pace, and celebrating small victories along the way. Mary cherishes supporting clients as they embark on journeys of self-discovery, healing, reconciliation, and more, while jointly navigating the twists and turns the path may take. The journey awaits! Whether this is your first time in therapy or you're continuing the journey, Mary is eager to come alongside you as you discover and pursue your therapy goals.
(470) 466-9064 View (470) 466-9064
Photo of Gabby Brumfield, Counselor in Marietta, GA
Gabby Brumfield
Counselor, MA, APC, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Marietta, GA 30062
Waitlist for new clients
Individuals, couples, and families are all complex. Each having their own perspectives, life experiences, and unique inner processing. Rather than seeking an "ideal client," I meet people where they are. I will be the clinician YOU need during our time together. Do you prefer talk therapy or to have structured activities? Maybe a mix of both? We can do that. Have you had a rough day and just need someone to sit with you in the heaviness without saying much at all? We can do that, too. I do not come to session with preconceived notions of our time together. I want to support you in whatever way you need me to in that moment.
Individuals, couples, and families are all complex. Each having their own perspectives, life experiences, and unique inner processing. Rather than seeking an "ideal client," I meet people where they are. I will be the clinician YOU need during our time together. Do you prefer talk therapy or to have structured activities? Maybe a mix of both? We can do that. Have you had a rough day and just need someone to sit with you in the heaviness without saying much at all? We can do that, too. I do not come to session with preconceived notions of our time together. I want to support you in whatever way you need me to in that moment.
(678) 730-6209 View (678) 730-6209
Photo of Brittany Osborne, Licensed Professional Counselor in Marietta, GA
Brittany Osborne
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Marietta, GA 30066
Waitlist for new clients
Starting therapy can be intimidating and daunting in so many ways. I hope to offer a safe, consistent space to help people who have felt stuck in unhelpful systems of grief, anxiety, negative thoughts or people in their life.
Starting therapy can be intimidating and daunting in so many ways. I hope to offer a safe, consistent space to help people who have felt stuck in unhelpful systems of grief, anxiety, negative thoughts or people in their life.
(470) 466-8814 View (470) 466-8814
Photo of Ann Pearl, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Marietta, GA
Ann Pearl
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LCSW-C
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Marietta, GA 30066
My practice is predicated on the idea that we all have within us, the capacity for healing and self-actualization. At times our life paths can become difficult and we become lost or may lose sight of our goals and values. Our therapeutic work will focus on rediscovering or recreating that path, with me as your guide. Treatment goals are individualized but it is my hope that our time together will provide you the opportunity for growth & healing and building emotional awareness & tolerance.
My practice is predicated on the idea that we all have within us, the capacity for healing and self-actualization. At times our life paths can become difficult and we become lost or may lose sight of our goals and values. Our therapeutic work will focus on rediscovering or recreating that path, with me as your guide. Treatment goals are individualized but it is my hope that our time together will provide you the opportunity for growth & healing and building emotional awareness & tolerance.
(678) 616-9840 View (678) 616-9840
Photo of Shanessa Crook, Counselor in Marietta, GA
Shanessa Crook
Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Marietta, GA 30067  (Online Only)
Do you ever feel overwhelmed or have a hard time finding balance in your life? Are you noticing a breakdown in your relationships (family, friends, partners) and not sure how to repair them? Do you simply need unbiased support and guidance in your life? Yes, I'm talking to you! We can work together to decrease your stressors, improve relationships with effective communication, and make healthier decisions. I am here to help you become a better version of yourself.
Do you ever feel overwhelmed or have a hard time finding balance in your life? Are you noticing a breakdown in your relationships (family, friends, partners) and not sure how to repair them? Do you simply need unbiased support and guidance in your life? Yes, I'm talking to you! We can work together to decrease your stressors, improve relationships with effective communication, and make healthier decisions. I am here to help you become a better version of yourself.
(912) 875-8737 View (912) 875-8737
Photo of Autumn Lowery, Master Social Worker in Marietta, GA
Autumn Lowery
Master Social Worker, LMSW
Verified Verified
Marietta, GA 30066  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
There are times in life where we just feel stuck. Sometimes being stuck means we are dealing with addiction, depression, anxiety, impulsivity, or undesired circumstances. Sometimes we need help getting unstuck and therapy is a unique place to do that. Through a collaborative relationship, we will work together to identify your unique needs and goals. Whether that is learning effective coping skills to deal with stressful situations or learning how to maintain recovery from an addiction, I believe in empowering people to hone in on their inherent strengths.
There are times in life where we just feel stuck. Sometimes being stuck means we are dealing with addiction, depression, anxiety, impulsivity, or undesired circumstances. Sometimes we need help getting unstuck and therapy is a unique place to do that. Through a collaborative relationship, we will work together to identify your unique needs and goals. Whether that is learning effective coping skills to deal with stressful situations or learning how to maintain recovery from an addiction, I believe in empowering people to hone in on their inherent strengths.
(404) 574-1482 View (404) 574-1482
Photo of Lyndey Caddell, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Marietta, GA
Lyndey Caddell
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Marietta, GA 30062
Utilizing a person centered approach for navigating your life makes the most sense to me! I am an LGBTQ+ affirming therapist, and I am passionate about helping people navigate traumas, anxiety, depression, grief, relationship challenges, work stress, health challenges, self-esteem, and self-exploration related to sexual orientations and gender identities. I truly enjoy empowering each client in their exploration of finding peace and acceptance.
Utilizing a person centered approach for navigating your life makes the most sense to me! I am an LGBTQ+ affirming therapist, and I am passionate about helping people navigate traumas, anxiety, depression, grief, relationship challenges, work stress, health challenges, self-esteem, and self-exploration related to sexual orientations and gender identities. I truly enjoy empowering each client in their exploration of finding peace and acceptance.
(706) 425-8900 x727 View (706) 425-8900 x727
Photo of DeAndrea Woods, Licensed Professional Counselor in Marietta, GA
DeAndrea Woods
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC, CPCS
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Marietta, GA 30066
Are you feeling depressed, overwhelmed or anxious? Are negative thoughts and unresolved issues interfering with living the life you want? I work to help individuals and couples improve overall mental and emotional health, have better relationships and establish coping skills to overcome obstacles. I look forward to helping you take the first step to having the life you deserve.
Are you feeling depressed, overwhelmed or anxious? Are negative thoughts and unresolved issues interfering with living the life you want? I work to help individuals and couples improve overall mental and emotional health, have better relationships and establish coping skills to overcome obstacles. I look forward to helping you take the first step to having the life you deserve.
(770) 628-5139 View (770) 628-5139
Photo of Keisha Mayer, Counselor in Marietta, GA
Keisha Mayer
Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Marietta, GA 30062
Need someone to talk to? Need someone to provide insight on how to cope? I am definitely available. Life can be challenging at times and we all need someone at some point. I provide a "no judgment zone" and believe in meeting people where they are. I specialize in providing people with the proper tools needed to cope with life's various situations. I enjoy helping people grow and I am willing to hold your hand through the process. My ultimate goal is to eventually help you feel empowered and encouraged. I service children, teens, adults and families.
Need someone to talk to? Need someone to provide insight on how to cope? I am definitely available. Life can be challenging at times and we all need someone at some point. I provide a "no judgment zone" and believe in meeting people where they are. I specialize in providing people with the proper tools needed to cope with life's various situations. I enjoy helping people grow and I am willing to hold your hand through the process. My ultimate goal is to eventually help you feel empowered and encouraged. I service children, teens, adults and families.
(678) 203-9864 View (678) 203-9864
Photo of Meghan Birch, Licensed Professional Counselor in Marietta, GA
Meghan Birch
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Marietta, GA 30062  (Online Only)
Counseling provides the opportunity to step out of the routine of everyday life to focus on the bigger picture and long-term growth. I am both humbled and inspired by the opportunity to walk with people through their most challenging life situations. I believe a healthy counseling relationship is built on unconditional trust and respect. It involves authenticity and an ongoing journey of humility and self-improvement for counselor and client. I utilize a wholistic approach to counseling, believing counseling should address emotional, psychological, and spiritual needs.
Counseling provides the opportunity to step out of the routine of everyday life to focus on the bigger picture and long-term growth. I am both humbled and inspired by the opportunity to walk with people through their most challenging life situations. I believe a healthy counseling relationship is built on unconditional trust and respect. It involves authenticity and an ongoing journey of humility and self-improvement for counselor and client. I utilize a wholistic approach to counseling, believing counseling should address emotional, psychological, and spiritual needs.
(678) 688-3694 View (678) 688-3694
Photo of Juan La Farrell Edgar, Pre-Licensed Professional in Marietta, GA
Juan La Farrell Edgar
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
Marietta, GA 30064  (Online Only)
I embrace walking with people on the unique journey that has driven them to a position of looking for help in exploring life's difficulties, recuperating from past injuries, and completeness. Rather than empowering individuals to zero in on their shortcomings, I embrace assisting them with investigating the areas they flourish in, empowering them to call upon their intrinsic strength and wisdom. I make a space where all can develop inward strength, confidence, and insight. I've adopted a mindset that no one approach can always effectively promote healing; therefore, using multiple techniques may accomplish proper growth.
I embrace walking with people on the unique journey that has driven them to a position of looking for help in exploring life's difficulties, recuperating from past injuries, and completeness. Rather than empowering individuals to zero in on their shortcomings, I embrace assisting them with investigating the areas they flourish in, empowering them to call upon their intrinsic strength and wisdom. I make a space where all can develop inward strength, confidence, and insight. I've adopted a mindset that no one approach can always effectively promote healing; therefore, using multiple techniques may accomplish proper growth.
(404) 476-7595 View (404) 476-7595
Photo of Marietta West Cobb Counseling Center, Inc. in Marietta, GA
Marietta West Cobb Counseling Center, Inc.
LPC, NCC, MAC
Verified Verified
Marietta, GA 30064
Do you wake up every morning hoping this will be a better day but are not sure anything will be different? Tired of feeling sad, stressed, anxious, or angry? Marietta West Cobb Counseling Center is a community of licensed therapists who work with clients from birth through senior years, applying traditional psychotherapy, experiential psychotherapies (such as art and play therapy), and body psychotherapy to help each man, woman, and child live their happiest and most fulfilling lives and have meaningful, loving relationships. Your success is our goal!
Do you wake up every morning hoping this will be a better day but are not sure anything will be different? Tired of feeling sad, stressed, anxious, or angry? Marietta West Cobb Counseling Center is a community of licensed therapists who work with clients from birth through senior years, applying traditional psychotherapy, experiential psychotherapies (such as art and play therapy), and body psychotherapy to help each man, woman, and child live their happiest and most fulfilling lives and have meaningful, loving relationships. Your success is our goal!
(770) 574-6493 View (770) 574-6493
Photo of Rhea Kisling, Licensed Professional Counselor in Marietta, GA
Rhea Kisling
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Marietta, GA 30064
I'm Rhea Kisling, and I've dedicated over two decades to the behavioral health sector. It feels like only yesterday when I began assisting families and children, later transitioning to focus on adults. My drive stems from a profound passion for aiding individuals in improving their circumstances. Irrespective of our diverse backgrounds, educations, or life journeys, we all yearn for fulfillment, love, and a sense of achievement or happiness.
I'm Rhea Kisling, and I've dedicated over two decades to the behavioral health sector. It feels like only yesterday when I began assisting families and children, later transitioning to focus on adults. My drive stems from a profound passion for aiding individuals in improving their circumstances. Irrespective of our diverse backgrounds, educations, or life journeys, we all yearn for fulfillment, love, and a sense of achievement or happiness.
(678) 616-8789 View (678) 616-8789
Photo of Jenna Elliott, Licensed Professional Counselor in Marietta, GA
Jenna Elliott
Licensed Professional Counselor, MAMFT, LPC
Verified Verified
Marietta, GA 30060
Making the decision to reach out for counseling can be a scary step to take, but it is often times the first step towards a healthy and happy life. You could be struggeling with a broken relationship, life stressors, loss/grief, depression, anxiety, or perhaps you can't describe how you feel, but you know it's just not "right". As a counselor, my goal is to provide a safe and warm environment for you to share your story with me, to work together to set goals, and to set off on a path towards healing and wholeness.
Making the decision to reach out for counseling can be a scary step to take, but it is often times the first step towards a healthy and happy life. You could be struggeling with a broken relationship, life stressors, loss/grief, depression, anxiety, or perhaps you can't describe how you feel, but you know it's just not "right". As a counselor, my goal is to provide a safe and warm environment for you to share your story with me, to work together to set goals, and to set off on a path towards healing and wholeness.
(404) 236-6102 View (404) 236-6102

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Marietta, GA

900+

Average cost per session

$140

Therapists in Marietta, GA who prioritize treating:

91% Anxiety
88% Depression
76% Relationship Issues
76% Self Esteem
72% Coping Skills
66% Trauma and PTSD
66% Stress

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

84% Aetna
74% Cigna and Evernorth
68% BlueCross and BlueShield

How Therapists in Marietta, GA see their clients

75% In Person and Online
25% Online Only

Gender breakdown

82% Female
17% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Marietta?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.