Therapists in Arlington, MA

Photo of Allison Berger, PhD, Psychologist
Allison Berger
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Arlington, MA 02476
As a trauma specialized clinician and former Program Director at McLean Hospital, I have deep respect for clients' painful struggles as well as for their strength, resilience, and capacity for growth. My approach is fundamentally gentle, compassionate and collaborative. Are you curious about yourself and wish to understand how your past informs present relationships, emotions, and behavior? Join me to build insight and coping strategies, reduce the overwhelming impact of your symptoms and your past, and build a more present, empowered, regulated and satisfying life.
As a trauma specialized clinician and former Program Director at McLean Hospital, I have deep respect for clients' painful struggles as well as for their strength, resilience, and capacity for growth. My approach is fundamentally gentle, compassionate and collaborative. Are you curious about yourself and wish to understand how your past informs present relationships, emotions, and behavior? Join me to build insight and coping strategies, reduce the overwhelming impact of your symptoms and your past, and build a more present, empowered, regulated and satisfying life.
(617) 855-7663 View (617) 855-7663
Photo of Aaron Brandes, LICSW, MEd, IASI
Aaron Brandes
LICSW, MEd, IASI
Verified Verified
Arlington, MA 02476
Therapy is an opportunity to intentionally pause, acknowledge our experience, and forge a deeper connection with ourselves. In these times of elevated stress and fear, it becomes vital to cultivate meaningful pathways for self-nurturing. As we navigate the waves of life, we learn to embrace them with greater acceptance and tenderness. I offer a unique blend of modalities that include that include psychotherapy, IFS parts work, somatic bodywork and creative arts therapies. Whether you seek support for physical discomfort, emotional healing, or personal growth, my practice provides a safe haven where you can explore new ways of being.
Therapy is an opportunity to intentionally pause, acknowledge our experience, and forge a deeper connection with ourselves. In these times of elevated stress and fear, it becomes vital to cultivate meaningful pathways for self-nurturing. As we navigate the waves of life, we learn to embrace them with greater acceptance and tenderness. I offer a unique blend of modalities that include that include psychotherapy, IFS parts work, somatic bodywork and creative arts therapies. Whether you seek support for physical discomfort, emotional healing, or personal growth, my practice provides a safe haven where you can explore new ways of being.
(413) 269-8627 View (413) 269-8627
Photo of Hanying Alexander, LMHC, R-DMT, Counselor
Hanying Alexander
Counselor, LMHC, R-DMT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Arlington, MA 02476
Not accepting new clients
I love working with people to explore ways to overcome challenges in life together. Many of my clients struggle with managing depression, anxiety, gender identity, emotion regulation and expression, dysfunctional family communication, traumatic experiences, as well as acculturation difficulties (you know, having trouble to "fit in" a new culture or a new environment). As many wise people said; if you are wonder about having a therapist, you should get one (me or someone else)!
I love working with people to explore ways to overcome challenges in life together. Many of my clients struggle with managing depression, anxiety, gender identity, emotion regulation and expression, dysfunctional family communication, traumatic experiences, as well as acculturation difficulties (you know, having trouble to "fit in" a new culture or a new environment). As many wise people said; if you are wonder about having a therapist, you should get one (me or someone else)!
(339) 330-3372 View (339) 330-3372
Photo of Jessica Rafferty, MA, LMHC, Counselor
Jessica Rafferty
Counselor, MA, LMHC
Verified Verified
Arlington, MA 02474
If you're here, it's likely because you're facing some obstacles that are hindering your progress towards achieving your goals and experiencing a sense of fulfillment in your daily life. These obstacles could manifest as symptoms of depression, such as a lack of motivation, feeling adrift, or a sense of disconnection. You may be experiencing anxiety, struggling with concerns about not measuring up, feeling overwhelmed by the prospect of making change, or feeling inadequate in some way. You might also be experiencing difficulties in your relationships, uncertain about your position in your network or feeling frequently distressed.
If you're here, it's likely because you're facing some obstacles that are hindering your progress towards achieving your goals and experiencing a sense of fulfillment in your daily life. These obstacles could manifest as symptoms of depression, such as a lack of motivation, feeling adrift, or a sense of disconnection. You may be experiencing anxiety, struggling with concerns about not measuring up, feeling overwhelmed by the prospect of making change, or feeling inadequate in some way. You might also be experiencing difficulties in your relationships, uncertain about your position in your network or feeling frequently distressed.
(508) 812-4020 View (508) 812-4020
Photo of Jennifer Alosso, PsyD, Psychologist
Jennifer Alosso
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Arlington, MA 02476  (Online Only)
www.DrJenAlosso.com
www.DrJenAlosso.com
(617) 571-6099 View (617) 571-6099
Photo of Eva A. Mendes, LMHC, NCC, Counselor
Eva A. Mendes
Counselor, LMHC, NCC
Verified Verified
Arlington, MA 02476
Eva Mendes, LMHC, NCC is an Asperger's/Autism expert and master couples' counselor working with couples where one or both partners have Asperger Syndrome/Autism Spectrum Disorder (diagnosed or suspected). Eva also specializes in working with Asperger's/ASD/ADHD females. Other profiles that she specializes in are ADHD, Social Communication Pragmatic Disorder, and gifted individuals. People often seek out Eva's expertise after many years of confusion regarding these profiles. Eva is the author of two books: Marriage and Lasting Relationships with Asperger's Syndrome and Gender Identity, Sexuality and Autism. Available on Amazon.com
Eva Mendes, LMHC, NCC is an Asperger's/Autism expert and master couples' counselor working with couples where one or both partners have Asperger Syndrome/Autism Spectrum Disorder (diagnosed or suspected). Eva also specializes in working with Asperger's/ASD/ADHD females. Other profiles that she specializes in are ADHD, Social Communication Pragmatic Disorder, and gifted individuals. People often seek out Eva's expertise after many years of confusion regarding these profiles. Eva is the author of two books: Marriage and Lasting Relationships with Asperger's Syndrome and Gender Identity, Sexuality and Autism. Available on Amazon.com
(617) 307-7798 View (617) 307-7798
Photo of Dr. Melissa Coffey, PsyD, Pre-Licensed Professional
Dr. Melissa Coffey
Pre-Licensed Professional, PsyD
Verified Verified
Arlington, MA 02476
Melissa Coffey, PsyD, is a pre-licensed clinical psychologist who specializes in working with children and adolescents. Melissa has a plethora of experience in the school setting as well as the clinical setting. Her background includes trauma informed care, family systems, psychoeducational assessment, as well as LGBTQIA+ youth. Her research includes implementing positive psychology into complex systems to increase the level of wellbeing in the work environment.
Melissa Coffey, PsyD, is a pre-licensed clinical psychologist who specializes in working with children and adolescents. Melissa has a plethora of experience in the school setting as well as the clinical setting. Her background includes trauma informed care, family systems, psychoeducational assessment, as well as LGBTQIA+ youth. Her research includes implementing positive psychology into complex systems to increase the level of wellbeing in the work environment.
(339) 500-7899 View (339) 500-7899
Photo of Carita Anderson - Boston Center for Couples and Sexuality, PhD
Boston Center for Couples and Sexuality
PhD
Verified Verified
Arlington, MA 02474
At Boston Center for Couples and Sexuality, we recognize that while all humans struggle with one issue or another, at one time or another, it can be difficult to seek help and support. Expectations that you might have of yourself or expectations that you think or KNOW others have of you can really weigh you down when life gets busy. Sometimes you know exactly what you need help with, and other times, things just don't feel right and you just aren't sure what kind of help you need. Our clinicians will listen, ask good questions, and look at problems with you to figure out how to get you back on the path where you want to be. We work with individuals and committed couples, as well as those practicing consensual non-monagamy. While communication skills and sexuality issues are a significant part of our clientele, we also work with many patients with depression, anxiety, or grief as their presenting complaint.
At Boston Center for Couples and Sexuality, we recognize that while all humans struggle with one issue or another, at one time or another, it can be difficult to seek help and support. Expectations that you might have of yourself or expectations that you think or KNOW others have of you can really weigh you down when life gets busy. Sometimes you know exactly what you need help with, and other times, things just don't feel right and you just aren't sure what kind of help you need. Our clinicians will listen, ask good questions, and look at problems with you to figure out how to get you back on the path where you want to be. We work with individuals and committed couples, as well as those practicing consensual non-monagamy. While communication skills and sexuality issues are a significant part of our clientele, we also work with many patients with depression, anxiety, or grief as their presenting complaint.
(781) 539-9219 View (781) 539-9219
Photo of Adam Greenburg - Actualize Counseling & Nutrition, MSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Actualize Counseling & Nutrition
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Arlington, MA 02476  (Online Only)
I specialize in supporting individuals in demanding academic or professional settings. My clients often struggle with anxiety, perfectionism, imposter syndrome, and stress. I offer tools to recognize ineffective coping strategies such as self-indulgence, self-sabotage, rumination, and possible addictive behaviors that drain motivation and confidence. I provide evidence-based, practical processes and exercises tailored to challenge distorted beliefs and shift towards actions that lead to overcoming obstacles and achieving success.
I specialize in supporting individuals in demanding academic or professional settings. My clients often struggle with anxiety, perfectionism, imposter syndrome, and stress. I offer tools to recognize ineffective coping strategies such as self-indulgence, self-sabotage, rumination, and possible addictive behaviors that drain motivation and confidence. I provide evidence-based, practical processes and exercises tailored to challenge distorted beliefs and shift towards actions that lead to overcoming obstacles and achieving success.
(617) 812-0168 View (617) 812-0168
Photo of Malgorzata Frajnt-Zielinska - Malgorzata Frajnt-Zielinska , MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Malgorzata Frajnt-Zielinska
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Arlington, MA 02476
I am a certified clinical Imago relationship therapist and have 18 years of experience practicing psychotherapy in a variety of settings in the US, UK and Poland. Using a range of evidence-based and experiential therapeutic techniques, I work with individuals and couples facing relationship issues, loneliness, difficult adjustments, loss, grief, depression and anxiety. My clients often go through crises and difficult life transitions. I am here to listen, give support, and guide you through yours.
I am a certified clinical Imago relationship therapist and have 18 years of experience practicing psychotherapy in a variety of settings in the US, UK and Poland. Using a range of evidence-based and experiential therapeutic techniques, I work with individuals and couples facing relationship issues, loneliness, difficult adjustments, loss, grief, depression and anxiety. My clients often go through crises and difficult life transitions. I am here to listen, give support, and guide you through yours.
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Photo of Heidi A Berke, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Heidi A Berke
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Arlington, MA 02474
Not accepting new clients
You'll find that life improves when you feel more self accepting, more responsive and less reactive. I work in a collaborative, compassionate and pragmatic way to help you get the results you want. Together we create positive change in a warm, friendly and safe environment.
You'll find that life improves when you feel more self accepting, more responsive and less reactive. I work in a collaborative, compassionate and pragmatic way to help you get the results you want. Together we create positive change in a warm, friendly and safe environment.
(617) 997-0366 View (617) 997-0366
Photo of Joy Gage, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Joy Gage
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Arlington, MA 02474
I strive to create a warm, nonjudgmental, and connected environment where we can hold your pain, together. I hope to explore with you the thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that can be key in becoming unstuck, living by your values, and building a meaningful life. With my own history as a competitive athlete, I especially appreciate the connection between the mind and body and know how much we all can use a great coach, and teammates in life. My style can be described as empathic, informal, and collaborative.
I strive to create a warm, nonjudgmental, and connected environment where we can hold your pain, together. I hope to explore with you the thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that can be key in becoming unstuck, living by your values, and building a meaningful life. With my own history as a competitive athlete, I especially appreciate the connection between the mind and body and know how much we all can use a great coach, and teammates in life. My style can be described as empathic, informal, and collaborative.
(339) 233-4974 View (339) 233-4974
Photo of Alexis Barnes - Actualize Counseling & Nutrition, LMHC, Counselor
Actualize Counseling & Nutrition
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Arlington, MA 02476  (Online Only)
I specialize in working with adolescent and young adult in the area of anxiety, eating disorders and gender/sexuality. My clients are able to change behaviors such as avoiding, restricting, ruminating, indulging, escaping into effective coping strategies. As confidence and motivation increases, I have seen my clients develop an authentic version of themselves by gaining insight into their thoughts and behaviors, building awareness around their relationships with others and challenging unhelpful coping behaviors.
I specialize in working with adolescent and young adult in the area of anxiety, eating disorders and gender/sexuality. My clients are able to change behaviors such as avoiding, restricting, ruminating, indulging, escaping into effective coping strategies. As confidence and motivation increases, I have seen my clients develop an authentic version of themselves by gaining insight into their thoughts and behaviors, building awareness around their relationships with others and challenging unhelpful coping behaviors.
(857) 847-3526 View (857) 847-3526
Photo of Maria Ramos - Maria Ramos | Sapphire Counseling Services, LLC, LMHC, Counselor
Maria Ramos | Sapphire Counseling Services, LLC
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Arlington, MA 02476  (Online Only)
Welcome! I am a forensic mental health counselor with over 10 years of experience. Throughout my career, I have worked in a variety of forensic and clinical settings, including the Massachusetts Department of Correction, Suffolk County jail, and other institutions. I have assessed, evaluated, and treated individuals for a range of mental health and forensic issues. Currently, I provide forensic and mental health counseling at Sapphire Counseling Services. As a bilingual and bicultural therapist, I have the privilege of offering services in both Spanish and English to individuals from diverse cultural backgrounds.
Welcome! I am a forensic mental health counselor with over 10 years of experience. Throughout my career, I have worked in a variety of forensic and clinical settings, including the Massachusetts Department of Correction, Suffolk County jail, and other institutions. I have assessed, evaluated, and treated individuals for a range of mental health and forensic issues. Currently, I provide forensic and mental health counseling at Sapphire Counseling Services. As a bilingual and bicultural therapist, I have the privilege of offering services in both Spanish and English to individuals from diverse cultural backgrounds.
(857) 290-5146 View (857) 290-5146
Photo of Alicia Bartosik, LMHC, Counselor
Alicia Bartosik
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Arlington, MA 02474
We can often catch ourselves feeling overwhelmed by this ever-changing world. Maybe we even notice unhealthy habits popping up as we try to find ways to relieve our stress. By facing our challenges head on we can start to create healthier coping patterns and more meaningful connections with the world around us. My experience includes working with adolescents and adults. I focus on a variety of mental health concerns, including anxiety, depression, trauma and relationship issues.
We can often catch ourselves feeling overwhelmed by this ever-changing world. Maybe we even notice unhealthy habits popping up as we try to find ways to relieve our stress. By facing our challenges head on we can start to create healthier coping patterns and more meaningful connections with the world around us. My experience includes working with adolescents and adults. I focus on a variety of mental health concerns, including anxiety, depression, trauma and relationship issues.
(339) 900-3267 View (339) 900-3267
Photo of Andrew P Sonnekalb, PsyD, Psychologist
Andrew P Sonnekalb
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Arlington, MA 02476
It takes great courage to reach out to a therapist. It is my hope to meet you in your courage and earn your trust as we build a safe, strong, and productive connection together. Therapy is often about restoring and healing connections with oneself and others. To that end, I serve individuals, groups, couples, and families across the life span with a focus on individual and couples therapy. My experience working in outpatient clinics, schools, hospitals, outpatient primary care settings, and with public safety departments, gives me a unique perspective to draw from.
It takes great courage to reach out to a therapist. It is my hope to meet you in your courage and earn your trust as we build a safe, strong, and productive connection together. Therapy is often about restoring and healing connections with oneself and others. To that end, I serve individuals, groups, couples, and families across the life span with a focus on individual and couples therapy. My experience working in outpatient clinics, schools, hospitals, outpatient primary care settings, and with public safety departments, gives me a unique perspective to draw from.
(617) 855-0365 View (617) 855-0365
Photo of Beth Shikatani, PhD, Psychologist
Beth Shikatani
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Arlington, MA 02474  (Online Only)
I am a clinical psychologist and the director of the Intensive CBT Program at Cambridge Psychology Group. My services include: Individual Therapy, 2-week Intensive CBT program, and OCD Skills Group. I have more than 14 years of experience working with adults with anxiety, OCD, panic attacks, phobias, sleep problems, perfectionism, depression, etc. I provide Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Exposure Therapy, and Exposure and Response Prevention (ERP); I routinely incorporate aspects of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT). I ensure that these strategies are personalized to your unique attributes, preferences, and values.
I am a clinical psychologist and the director of the Intensive CBT Program at Cambridge Psychology Group. My services include: Individual Therapy, 2-week Intensive CBT program, and OCD Skills Group. I have more than 14 years of experience working with adults with anxiety, OCD, panic attacks, phobias, sleep problems, perfectionism, depression, etc. I provide Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Exposure Therapy, and Exposure and Response Prevention (ERP); I routinely incorporate aspects of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT). I ensure that these strategies are personalized to your unique attributes, preferences, and values.
(617) 915-4417 View (617) 915-4417
Photo of Nicole Flory, PhD, MA, Diplom-, Psychol, Psychologist
Nicole Flory
Psychologist, PhD, MA, Diplom-, Psychol
Verified Verified
Arlington, MA 02474
If you are struggling with a medical, sexual, or relationship problem I want you to know that I am committed to helping people just like yourself. Finding the right professional for your personal needs is an important first step towards success. My web page, http://www.drflory.com is intended to give you more details; I am a licensed psychologist with over 15 years of international work experience. Ich spreche auch deutsch.
If you are struggling with a medical, sexual, or relationship problem I want you to know that I am committed to helping people just like yourself. Finding the right professional for your personal needs is an important first step towards success. My web page, http://www.drflory.com is intended to give you more details; I am a licensed psychologist with over 15 years of international work experience. Ich spreche auch deutsch.
(781) 437-7264 View (781) 437-7264
Photo of Barbara Schmitz, MA, LMHC, Counselor
Barbara Schmitz
Counselor, MA, LMHC
Verified Verified
Arlington, MA 02474
Not accepting new clients
Please note: I will be closing my practice on December 20, 2024. No new clients are accepted at this time. Please call or email with questions.
Please note: I will be closing my practice on December 20, 2024. No new clients are accepted at this time. Please call or email with questions.
(617) 606-9485 View (617) 606-9485
Photo of Maggie Paul - Actualize Counseling & Nutrition, LMHC, Pre-Licensed Professional
Actualize Counseling & Nutrition
Pre-Licensed Professional, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Arlington, MA 02476  (Online Only)
I specialize in working with individuals who are struggling with anxiety, relationship issues, self-esteem, and body image concerns. If you're facing work or academic stress, social pressures, or life's many demands, I'm here to support you on your journey toward healing and personal growth. My clients often feel overwhelmed and seek to build resilience, develop effective coping skills, and enhance their ability to manage stress and anxiety. Through empathetic guidance, I help you transform unhelpful patterns—such as avoiding, ruminating, or self-doubt—into positive strategies that foster confidence and healthier relationships.
I specialize in working with individuals who are struggling with anxiety, relationship issues, self-esteem, and body image concerns. If you're facing work or academic stress, social pressures, or life's many demands, I'm here to support you on your journey toward healing and personal growth. My clients often feel overwhelmed and seek to build resilience, develop effective coping skills, and enhance their ability to manage stress and anxiety. Through empathetic guidance, I help you transform unhelpful patterns—such as avoiding, ruminating, or self-doubt—into positive strategies that foster confidence and healthier relationships.
(617) 855-0215 View (617) 855-0215
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How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Arlington, MA

400+

Average cost per session

$175

Therapists in Arlington, MA who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
90% Depression
81% Relationship Issues
77% Self Esteem
69% Coping Skills
66% Trauma and PTSD
65% Stress

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

84% BlueCross and BlueShield
51% Harvard Pilgrim
51% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Arlington, MA see their clients

68% In Person and Online
32% Online Only

Gender breakdown

83% Female
16% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Arlington?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.