Photo of Lucia C Cargill in San Francisco, CA
Lucia C Cargill
PhD, MSN, MA, PHN, FNP-C
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94110
l am a cross-cultural specialist with a PhD in Medical Anthropology & a Family Nurse Practitioner with 15 years in psychiatric, pain & primary care practice.
Greetings! Welcome to our multidisciplinary, holistic, integrative mental health coaching practice. We are open to new ideas from Integrative/Functional Medicine, supportive care for your psychiatric needs, drug free care, and nutritional support. We believe whole body health is the best way to good brain health. Good brain health impacts mental health. We invite you to a different approach to brain health and mental health through coaching and support for referrals to the best functional medicine providers sourcing balance, resolution of inflammation & for all your whole body-mind-spirit healing. We invite you to join us for care.
l am a cross-cultural specialist with a PhD in Medical Anthropology & a Family Nurse Practitioner with 15 years in psychiatric, pain & primary care practice.
Greetings! Welcome to our multidisciplinary, holistic, integrative mental health coaching practice. We are open to new ideas from Integrative/Functional Medicine, supportive care for your psychiatric needs, drug free care, and nutritional support. We believe whole body health is the best way to good brain health. Good brain health impacts mental health. We invite you to a different approach to brain health and mental health through coaching and support for referrals to the best functional medicine providers sourcing balance, resolution of inflammation & for all your whole body-mind-spirit healing. We invite you to join us for care.
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Photo of Dr. Christina M. Charlotin, Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
Dr. Christina M. Charlotin
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94108
I specialize in working with adults who experience depression, anxiety disorders (agoraphobia, panic disorder, social anxiety, specific phobias), OCD, insomnia, chronic pain, relationship challenges, heartbreak, phase-of-life stressors, procrastination behaviors & LGBTQ/Race related challenges.
In our work together, my intention is to help you break away from the maladaptive thought patterns, emotions, actions, and external circumstances that keep you stuck in an unwanted experience. My goal is to help you create progress towards the life you do want for yourself. I’ll want to understand the changes you’d like to see in yourself. With this in mind, I’ll want to identify the behaviors you’d like to demonstrate, the lasting emotions you’d like to feel, and the outcomes you’d like to see present themselves in your life. With that information, we'll set the overall goals for therapy. Now providing Psychedelic Assisted Therapy.
I specialize in working with adults who experience depression, anxiety disorders (agoraphobia, panic disorder, social anxiety, specific phobias), OCD, insomnia, chronic pain, relationship challenges, heartbreak, phase-of-life stressors, procrastination behaviors & LGBTQ/Race related challenges.
In our work together, my intention is to help you break away from the maladaptive thought patterns, emotions, actions, and external circumstances that keep you stuck in an unwanted experience. My goal is to help you create progress towards the life you do want for yourself. I’ll want to understand the changes you’d like to see in yourself. With this in mind, I’ll want to identify the behaviors you’d like to demonstrate, the lasting emotions you’d like to feel, and the outcomes you’d like to see present themselves in your life. With that information, we'll set the overall goals for therapy. Now providing Psychedelic Assisted Therapy.
(628) 201-6946 View (628) 201-6946
Photo of Randi Jackson, Registered Psychological Associate in San Francisco, CA
Randi Jackson
Registered Psychological Associate
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94115  (Online Only)
I'm able to support a variety of concerns, including self-doubt, relationship issues, chronic illness, disordered eating, and trauma.
When you're constantly under pressure, it's easy to feel like you're stuck in survival mode. Therapy can't change the stressors you're facing today, but it can help you respond to them more effectively. As a therapist, I help women in complex, high-stress environments build tools to become more grounded and empowered in their lives. Many of my clients are burned out professionals navigating competing demands, or feeling stuck in ineffective patterns. I have specialized training in sport and performance psychology, and help my clients build skills and systems that support both well-being and high performance.
I'm able to support a variety of concerns, including self-doubt, relationship issues, chronic illness, disordered eating, and trauma.
When you're constantly under pressure, it's easy to feel like you're stuck in survival mode. Therapy can't change the stressors you're facing today, but it can help you respond to them more effectively. As a therapist, I help women in complex, high-stress environments build tools to become more grounded and empowered in their lives. Many of my clients are burned out professionals navigating competing demands, or feeling stuck in ineffective patterns. I have specialized training in sport and performance psychology, and help my clients build skills and systems that support both well-being and high performance.
(415) 741-5533 View (415) 741-5533
Photo of Kimberly Harris, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Kimberly Harris
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94134
I'm effective in helping people work through depression, grief, anxiety, anger, life transitions, aging issues, insomnia, parenting, low self-esteem, and chronic pain.
Hello, my name is Kimberly Harris. I have been helping people for 15 years. I believe that everyone has the potential to live a fulfilling life, and I am here to help you achieve that.
I'm effective in helping people work through depression, grief, anxiety, anger, life transitions, aging issues, insomnia, parenting, low self-esteem, and chronic pain.
Hello, my name is Kimberly Harris. I have been helping people for 15 years. I believe that everyone has the potential to live a fulfilling life, and I am here to help you achieve that.
(657) 837-6180 View (657) 837-6180
Photo of Joy360 Wellness, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Joy360 Wellness
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94104  (Online Only)
Struggling with IBS, GI problems, or pain is not for the faint of heart. You may feel alone at times, ignored by your doctors, misunderstood by family, & most of all, betrayed by your own body. But Sis, I see you! I am passionate about helping Women, Black, and BIPOC folks heal their body image and relationships with food, cope with the stress associated with medical illness (or exacerbating it!), & create joyful & more fulfilling lives despite their medical concerns or struggles with chronic pain. My name is Jaryn Warren-Brown, and I can't wait to use my mental health and nutrition & wellness background to help you feel good again.
Struggling with IBS, GI problems, or pain is not for the faint of heart. You may feel alone at times, ignored by your doctors, misunderstood by family, & most of all, betrayed by your own body. But Sis, I see you! I am passionate about helping Women, Black, and BIPOC folks heal their body image and relationships with food, cope with the stress associated with medical illness (or exacerbating it!), & create joyful & more fulfilling lives despite their medical concerns or struggles with chronic pain. My name is Jaryn Warren-Brown, and I can't wait to use my mental health and nutrition & wellness background to help you feel good again.
(559) 838-0238 View (559) 838-0238
Photo of Alena Y. N. Gittens, Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
Alena Y. N. Gittens
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94103  (Online Only)
Sometimes in life we get overwhelmed, feel stuck, and hopeless. Sometimes it can feel as though things keep piling up against us and it can be hard to feel complete. Some people may experience this emotionally, others more physically. Different things trigger these responses in us and make it hard for us to thrive. Whether it is the pandemic, trauma, depression, anxiety, family or relational conflict, self-esteem issues, racial injustice, or grief, having an outlet to make space for this discomfort can help alleviate the pain and move you towards a place of healing.
Sometimes in life we get overwhelmed, feel stuck, and hopeless. Sometimes it can feel as though things keep piling up against us and it can be hard to feel complete. Some people may experience this emotionally, others more physically. Different things trigger these responses in us and make it hard for us to thrive. Whether it is the pandemic, trauma, depression, anxiety, family or relational conflict, self-esteem issues, racial injustice, or grief, having an outlet to make space for this discomfort can help alleviate the pain and move you towards a place of healing.
(650) 337-3783 View (650) 337-3783
Photo of Be Mindful and Well, PhD in San Francisco, CA
Be Mindful and Well, PhD
PhD
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94101  (Online Only)
3- Grief and loss 4-Terminal illness 5- Family/Couples conflict and relationship issues 6- transition from school to college and adaptation to college.
We provide a holistic mental health coaching/counseling committed to personal, social and professional growth. Our professionals are expert professors, PhD, MA, BS in the field of health and counseling, and serving clients of all ages, and organizations for more than 20yrs.The center provides: 1- life coaching to women for varied health concerns: Nutritional counseling/ concerns for women, children, students, chronic diseases; Adaptation to pregnancy; Postpartum; menopause; Dealing with aging process; health concerns, and chronic diseases, parenting issues, adolescence challenges, body image, and skin problems and concerns.
3- Grief and loss 4-Terminal illness 5- Family/Couples conflict and relationship issues 6- transition from school to college and adaptation to college.
We provide a holistic mental health coaching/counseling committed to personal, social and professional growth. Our professionals are expert professors, PhD, MA, BS in the field of health and counseling, and serving clients of all ages, and organizations for more than 20yrs.The center provides: 1- life coaching to women for varied health concerns: Nutritional counseling/ concerns for women, children, students, chronic diseases; Adaptation to pregnancy; Postpartum; menopause; Dealing with aging process; health concerns, and chronic diseases, parenting issues, adolescence challenges, body image, and skin problems and concerns.
(617) 744-7497 View (617) 744-7497
Photo of Mirjam Afeni Hatton, Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
Mirjam Afeni Hatton
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94105  (Online Only)
, combat, childhood, race-based, sexual, and military sexual), depression, anxiety, grief/loss, substance abuse and severe mental illness.
Clients have described me as collaborative and compassionate within my strength-based multicultural approach to therapy. You may experience a disconnect from yourself and others that leaves you feeling isolated and limited within your options. Difficult life circumstances, including trauma or harsh self-criticism can lead to rejecting parts of yourself and collaboratively we can work on understanding and reclaiming your identity. Together we will build upon your strengths and recover a sense of hope. I’d be honored to accompany you on your journey to healing from various obstacles in your life.
, combat, childhood, race-based, sexual, and military sexual), depression, anxiety, grief/loss, substance abuse and severe mental illness.
Clients have described me as collaborative and compassionate within my strength-based multicultural approach to therapy. You may experience a disconnect from yourself and others that leaves you feeling isolated and limited within your options. Difficult life circumstances, including trauma or harsh self-criticism can lead to rejecting parts of yourself and collaboratively we can work on understanding and reclaiming your identity. Together we will build upon your strengths and recover a sense of hope. I’d be honored to accompany you on your journey to healing from various obstacles in your life.
(818) 666-2428 View (818) 666-2428
Photo of Jo Sopko, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Jo Sopko
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT, RDT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94110
* ADULTS: I work with issues of loss, stress, anxiety, depression, abuse, sex addiction, spiritual guidance, and developmental life changes.* CHILDREN: I invite their stories that may be troubled due to emotional and academic issues. Through play, art and sand tray, I address issues of divorce, traumatic losses, abuse, adoption, bullying and low self esteem that may be affecting your children. * COUPLES: My passion is to help the couple find a yet unknown way to a compassionate, loving, open communicative relationship; to become vulnerable to the pain and wounds of each other's soul.
* ADULTS: I work with issues of loss, stress, anxiety, depression, abuse, sex addiction, spiritual guidance, and developmental life changes.* CHILDREN: I invite their stories that may be troubled due to emotional and academic issues. Through play, art and sand tray, I address issues of divorce, traumatic losses, abuse, adoption, bullying and low self esteem that may be affecting your children. * COUPLES: My passion is to help the couple find a yet unknown way to a compassionate, loving, open communicative relationship; to become vulnerable to the pain and wounds of each other's soul.
(415) 799-4143 View (415) 799-4143
Photo of Ariane Eroy, Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
Ariane Eroy
Psychologist, PhD, CHT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94109
I deeply believe in your self-worth! I can help you overcome seemingly intractable depression, release addictions, better your relationships, redefine your life goals, and make difficult life-transitions, leaving behind chronic pain for good!.
I invite you onto an amazing path, one which opens up before your very eyes, your internal world. Receive the support you need to explore who you are, accelerate your evolutionary trajectory, and manage the stressors that characterize our swiftly changing world. Learn to transform challenges into opportunities and thus overcome any difficult feelings that trouble you.
I deeply believe in your self-worth! I can help you overcome seemingly intractable depression, release addictions, better your relationships, redefine your life goals, and make difficult life-transitions, leaving behind chronic pain for good!.
I invite you onto an amazing path, one which opens up before your very eyes, your internal world. Receive the support you need to explore who you are, accelerate your evolutionary trajectory, and manage the stressors that characterize our swiftly changing world. Learn to transform challenges into opportunities and thus overcome any difficult feelings that trouble you.
(415) 802-0590 View (415) 802-0590
Photo of Linda Dolan, Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
Linda Dolan
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94114
In my experience, what brings people to psychotherapy is a personal struggle, perhaps a sense of feeling stuck or that something is missing, though what specifically is missing is not known. I work with feelings of frustration or disappointment expressed as anxiety or fear, to explore and understand the origin of feelings that keep us from achieving personal goals. I am experienced with life transitions, such as a change in career, becoming a parent, diagnosis of a chronic illness or considerations for retirement. Bringing these challenges into therapy can be illuminating and productive and help us move out of anxiety.
In my experience, what brings people to psychotherapy is a personal struggle, perhaps a sense of feeling stuck or that something is missing, though what specifically is missing is not known. I work with feelings of frustration or disappointment expressed as anxiety or fear, to explore and understand the origin of feelings that keep us from achieving personal goals. I am experienced with life transitions, such as a change in career, becoming a parent, diagnosis of a chronic illness or considerations for retirement. Bringing these challenges into therapy can be illuminating and productive and help us move out of anxiety.
(415) 202-6923 View (415) 202-6923
Photo of Zonya Johnson, Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
Zonya Johnson
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94111
My Areas of Interest: relationship and intimacy, effective communication, depression, self esteem, loss, eating disorders, sexual abuse, trauma managing life crises/transitions leadership skills, life coaching ethnocultural issues, multicultural families, health and illness concerns, career family balance, stress related to infertility/reproductive technology, getting "unstuck," finding one's passion, blockages to creativity.
I have worked as a clinical psychologist and psychotherapist for over 25 years. I work with individuals and couples with a broad range of psychological and relationship problems. I very much enjoy the sociocultural diversity of the Bay Area and my psychotherapy practice reflects this diversity. Helping people maximize their individual potential is a never-ending source of satisfaction. I have special interests in relationship issues, women's issues, cultural concerns, and health-related problems. I also enjoy helping people find a balance between the demands of work, self, spirit and family.
My Areas of Interest: relationship and intimacy, effective communication, depression, self esteem, loss, eating disorders, sexual abuse, trauma managing life crises/transitions leadership skills, life coaching ethnocultural issues, multicultural families, health and illness concerns, career family balance, stress related to infertility/reproductive technology, getting "unstuck," finding one's passion, blockages to creativity.
I have worked as a clinical psychologist and psychotherapist for over 25 years. I work with individuals and couples with a broad range of psychological and relationship problems. I very much enjoy the sociocultural diversity of the Bay Area and my psychotherapy practice reflects this diversity. Helping people maximize their individual potential is a never-ending source of satisfaction. I have special interests in relationship issues, women's issues, cultural concerns, and health-related problems. I also enjoy helping people find a balance between the demands of work, self, spirit and family.
(925) 238-8809 View (925) 238-8809
Photo of Corinna Press, Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
Corinna Press
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94110
I provide psychotherapy to those with a range of concerns such as depression, anxiety, living with acute and/or chronic illness, LGBTQ considerations, etc.
It takes courage and strength to come to therapy. I aim to create a safe environment. My style is warm, compassionate, and interactive. In my practice, I work individually with adolescents and adults, as well as with teens and adult children and their families. I have experience working with clients from across many socioeconomic, ethnic, cultural, racial, sexual orientation, gender, and religious backgrounds. I offer care to people who are trying to understand both their personal experiences as well as their responses to life's everyday complexities and stresses. A unique part of my practice includes a background in art.
I provide psychotherapy to those with a range of concerns such as depression, anxiety, living with acute and/or chronic illness, LGBTQ considerations, etc.
It takes courage and strength to come to therapy. I aim to create a safe environment. My style is warm, compassionate, and interactive. In my practice, I work individually with adolescents and adults, as well as with teens and adult children and their families. I have experience working with clients from across many socioeconomic, ethnic, cultural, racial, sexual orientation, gender, and religious backgrounds. I offer care to people who are trying to understand both their personal experiences as well as their responses to life's everyday complexities and stresses. A unique part of my practice includes a background in art.
(341) 888-7049 View (341) 888-7049
Photo of Christhmus (Christopher Chu) Presence, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in San Francisco, CA
Christhmus (Christopher Chu) Presence
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, AMFT, APCC
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94114  (Online Only)
Offering CA-based Telehealth ideal for BIPOC: Black, Indigenous, &/or People of Color, including white-passing & mixed-race BIPOC. Also welcoming Families & Partnerships with 1 or more BIPOC in regular attendance. I offer Xychotherapy: psychotherapy that recognizes therapeutic experiences existed long before psychotherapy was invented, and incorporates psychotherapy into global therapeutic wisdoms and practices.
Offering CA-based Telehealth ideal for BIPOC: Black, Indigenous, &/or People of Color, including white-passing & mixed-race BIPOC. Also welcoming Families & Partnerships with 1 or more BIPOC in regular attendance. I offer Xychotherapy: psychotherapy that recognizes therapeutic experiences existed long before psychotherapy was invented, and incorporates psychotherapy into global therapeutic wisdoms and practices.
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Photo of Thomas Marchevsky, Licensed Psychoanalyst in San Francisco, CA
Thomas Marchevsky
Licensed Psychoanalyst, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94115
Welcome. Are you ready for the work necessary to make real, enduring change? Do you have a troubling personal issue or suffer from general dissatisfaction? My orientation is to focus on the unconscious, the elusive essence of the problem. A powerful process unfolds when change occurs at this level of the mind. This opens the space for authentic personal transformation.
Welcome. Are you ready for the work necessary to make real, enduring change? Do you have a troubling personal issue or suffer from general dissatisfaction? My orientation is to focus on the unconscious, the elusive essence of the problem. A powerful process unfolds when change occurs at this level of the mind. This opens the space for authentic personal transformation.
(628) 225-3616 View (628) 225-3616
Photo of Rene Dumetz Ph. D., Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Rene Dumetz Ph. D.
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94109  (Online Only)
"Look within. All you need, you have. Use it. Behave as best you know; do what you think you should. Don't be afraid of mistakes; you can always correct them; only intentions matter. The shape things take is not within your power; the motives of your actions are." (Nisargadata 1973, p.365)
"Look within. All you need, you have. Use it. Behave as best you know; do what you think you should. Don't be afraid of mistakes; you can always correct them; only intentions matter. The shape things take is not within your power; the motives of your actions are." (Nisargadata 1973, p.365)
(323) 431-9369 View (323) 431-9369
Photo of Tanisha Thelemaque, Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
Tanisha Thelemaque
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94115  (Online Only)
Are you a person trying to explore your gender, race, or sexuality? Do you struggle to communicate your needs, set boundaries, and be assertive? I challenge you to speak your truth, understand yourself, and be authentic while maintaining boundaries. I use humor and a strong therapeutic relationship to help you be your ideal, most grounded self. When I think about transforming and changing one's life, I always reflect on Audre Lorde's powerful words. "What are the words you do not yet have...Next time, ask: What's the worst that will happen? Then push yourself a little further than you dare. "
Are you a person trying to explore your gender, race, or sexuality? Do you struggle to communicate your needs, set boundaries, and be assertive? I challenge you to speak your truth, understand yourself, and be authentic while maintaining boundaries. I use humor and a strong therapeutic relationship to help you be your ideal, most grounded self. When I think about transforming and changing one's life, I always reflect on Audre Lorde's powerful words. "What are the words you do not yet have...Next time, ask: What's the worst that will happen? Then push yourself a little further than you dare. "
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Photo of The Connective (formerly Wellspace SF), Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
The Connective (formerly Wellspace SF)
Marriage & Family Therapist
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94102
Tired of calling around? We have immediate openings! The Connective is an integrative practice of psychotherapists, certified coaches, and holistic health practitioners dedicated to a common goal: guiding, inspiring, and empowering individuals to live more authentic, fulfulling and healthy lives. From navigating personal and professional roadblocks, to achieving optimal health and wellness, our mission is to provide compassionate and strengths-based support centered on the whole person.
Tired of calling around? We have immediate openings! The Connective is an integrative practice of psychotherapists, certified coaches, and holistic health practitioners dedicated to a common goal: guiding, inspiring, and empowering individuals to live more authentic, fulfulling and healthy lives. From navigating personal and professional roadblocks, to achieving optimal health and wellness, our mission is to provide compassionate and strengths-based support centered on the whole person.
(415) 335-7793 View (415) 335-7793
Photo of Octave - Downtown SF Clinic, Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
Octave - Downtown SF Clinic
Psychologist, PhD, PsyD, LCSW, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94105  (Online Only)
Octave is a modern practice creating a new standard for mental health care that’s both high-quality and accessible. With in-person and virtual clinics in California, Connecticut, Florida, New Jersey, New York, Texas, and Washington D.C., we partner with you to develop personalized plans that can include individual, couples, and family therapy to best suit your needs. Grounded in science, our approach enables you to experience profound change that is just as measurable as it is meaningful. Learn more at www.findoctave.com
Octave is a modern practice creating a new standard for mental health care that’s both high-quality and accessible. With in-person and virtual clinics in California, Connecticut, Florida, New Jersey, New York, Texas, and Washington D.C., we partner with you to develop personalized plans that can include individual, couples, and family therapy to best suit your needs. Grounded in science, our approach enables you to experience profound change that is just as measurable as it is meaningful. Learn more at www.findoctave.com
(415) 366-2851 View (415) 366-2851
Photo of Pacific Marriage & Family Therapy Network, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Pacific Marriage & Family Therapy Network
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94108  (Online Only)
Find your best therapist match with us! We are highly skilled, diverse, well-trained and inclusive therapists. We empower you to live the life you want and do so by creating supportive, caring, and non-judgmental relationships with our clients. We work to provide you with the best care possible and reduce obstacles to care. Additional benefits include a concierge billing service for PPO insurance and a wide range of scheduling options (all weekday and weekend mornings, afternoons, and evenings. We work with children, teens, and adults of all ages as individuals, couples, and families.
Find your best therapist match with us! We are highly skilled, diverse, well-trained and inclusive therapists. We empower you to live the life you want and do so by creating supportive, caring, and non-judgmental relationships with our clients. We work to provide you with the best care possible and reduce obstacles to care. Additional benefits include a concierge billing service for PPO insurance and a wide range of scheduling options (all weekday and weekend mornings, afternoons, and evenings. We work with children, teens, and adults of all ages as individuals, couples, and families.
(628) 299-7866 View (628) 299-7866

See more therapy options for San Francisco

Chronic Pain Therapists

How does chronic pain therapy work?

Engaging with a psychotherapist to help treat chronic pain does not mean that one’s pain is all in their head. Therapy for chronic-pain patients has been shown to benefit both the mind and the body, targeting physical symptoms and increasing daily functioning. In other words, for many, addressing their emotional health through therapy affects their physical health. A therapist can help a client challenge unhelpful thoughts about pain and develop new ways to respond to it, such as distraction or calming breathing techniques. Studies have found that therapy can be as effective as surgery for certain cases of chronic pain and many doctors recommend trying psychotherapy in advance of considering invasive surgery.

What are the most effective treatment options for chronic pain?

Stress, anxiety, depression, catastrophizing, ruminating, lack of activity, and social withdrawal all make chronic pain worse. Addressing these issues, research shows, can help people gain control over their pain symptoms. Therapeutic approaches such as cognitive behavioral therapy, biofeedback, and mindfulness-based stress reduction, along with greater pain-management education, have been found to help people reduce fear and disability.

Are there new treatments for chronic pain?

Many cases of chronic pain, particularly those involving back pain, remain medically unexplained. But there is evidence that changes in the brain or nervous system are caused by previous physical ailments such as tissue damage; in such cases, the brain may continue to send out pain signals despite the physical cause having healed. To aid patients under these circumstances, a recently developed treatment known as pain reprocessing therapy (PRT) is designed to help the brain “unlearn” this response. A PRT practitioner helps individuals to reduce the “threat value” of their ongoing pain signals until they can reappraise them as less threatening and fear-inducing. They also help an individual to develop new emotional regulation skills.

How long does therapy for chronic pain take?

There is no set timeline for recovery from chronic pain, especially as there may be a range of physical and psychological causes for any individual’s discomfort, but most patients should expect to see a therapist for a number of weeks or months, typically spanning at least 12 sessions. Studies of pain reprocessing therapy found that many individuals’ experience of pain lessened in eight sessions over four weeks.