Therapists in San Francisco, CA

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Photo of Lily Sun, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT
Lily Sun
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT
5 Endorsed
Online Only
You don't have to do it alone. People often come into therapy when they have hit a crisis in their lives. It can be hard to feel like your usual coping mechanisms are not working anymore, or the situation you are dealing with is more than you can handle. Having a warm, compassionate, supportive, and qualified ally to listen and help with these issues in a safe and confidential space can help you feel less isolated and overwhelmed.
You don't have to do it alone. People often come into therapy when they have hit a crisis in their lives. It can be hard to feel like your usual coping mechanisms are not working anymore, or the situation you are dealing with is more than you can handle. Having a warm, compassionate, supportive, and qualified ally to listen and help with these issues in a safe and confidential space can help you feel less isolated and overwhelmed.
(415) 849-7446 View (415) 849-7446
Photo of Jennifer Nam - Bay Area Center for Mood Disorders, Psychologist, PhD
Therapy helps to improve lives in a meaningful way (have better relationships with friends, family members and partners, improve our self-esteem). I work to help you identify issues, problems and patterns, but also to implement skills and tools make changes to these patterns. I offer a warm, compassionate, and collaborative environment, and I will work with you to tailor clinical interventions to fit your needs and goals.
Therapy helps to improve lives in a meaningful way (have better relationships with friends, family members and partners, improve our self-esteem). I work to help you identify issues, problems and patterns, but also to implement skills and tools make changes to these patterns. I offer a warm, compassionate, and collaborative environment, and I will work with you to tailor clinical interventions to fit your needs and goals.
(415) 697-3964 View (415) 697-3964
Photo of Adrienne Martin, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Adrienne Martin
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Online Only
As a Licensed Clinical Social Worker, I provide a compassionate, collaborative, and evidence-based approach to therapy for individuals and couples. My goal is to create a safe space where clients can explore their emotions, strengthen relationships, and develop the tools to navigate life’s challenges with greater clarity and confidence.
As a Licensed Clinical Social Worker, I provide a compassionate, collaborative, and evidence-based approach to therapy for individuals and couples. My goal is to create a safe space where clients can explore their emotions, strengthen relationships, and develop the tools to navigate life’s challenges with greater clarity and confidence.
(415) 335-9121 View (415) 335-9121
Photo of Jose Luna, Associate Clinical Social Worker, ASW, EMDR
Jose Luna
Associate Clinical Social Worker, ASW, EMDR
Online Only
My therapeutic approach mainly focuses on helping my clients identify their strengths to help alleviate anxiety, depression, and trauma. I am a firm believer that our childhood experiences contribute to our beliefs, behavioral patterns, and selecting a romantic partner. Therapy is a process! To allow ourselves to be intimate and vulnerable with someone about our experiences and trauma can be daunting. As a therapist, it is my goal to help validate, create a safe environment and help understand aspects of lived experiences.
My therapeutic approach mainly focuses on helping my clients identify their strengths to help alleviate anxiety, depression, and trauma. I am a firm believer that our childhood experiences contribute to our beliefs, behavioral patterns, and selecting a romantic partner. Therapy is a process! To allow ourselves to be intimate and vulnerable with someone about our experiences and trauma can be daunting. As a therapist, it is my goal to help validate, create a safe environment and help understand aspects of lived experiences.
(415) 980-7064 View (415) 980-7064
Photo of Rachel England, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Rachel England
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
4 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94102
If you have talked and thought about your struggles enough and are ready to get to the root of what is happening, I am here to support you in going deeper. Sometimes insight is not enough. Lasting change happens when we work with what lies beneath conscious awareness. I specialize in complex trauma, attachment trauma, grief, relationship issues, anxiety and self-worth. My clients struggle with closeness in relationships, feelings of shame, unexpressed grief, emotional overwhelm, and connecting with their intuition.
If you have talked and thought about your struggles enough and are ready to get to the root of what is happening, I am here to support you in going deeper. Sometimes insight is not enough. Lasting change happens when we work with what lies beneath conscious awareness. I specialize in complex trauma, attachment trauma, grief, relationship issues, anxiety and self-worth. My clients struggle with closeness in relationships, feelings of shame, unexpressed grief, emotional overwhelm, and connecting with their intuition.
(818) 960-1584 View (818) 960-1584
Photo of Carol Winetsky, Psychologist, PhD
Carol Winetsky
Psychologist, PhD
San Francisco, CA 94118
I am a licensed clinical psychologist with over thirty years of experience. I have helped people navigate a variety of different life transitions such as divorce and separation, job loss, leaving home, starting a family or new career or both, as well as end-of-life issues. I have helped children deal with school and peer issues as well as parental loss and separation. My therapy style is interactive and psychodynamic and may entail short or long-term therapy, individual psychotherapy or couples work.
I am a licensed clinical psychologist with over thirty years of experience. I have helped people navigate a variety of different life transitions such as divorce and separation, job loss, leaving home, starting a family or new career or both, as well as end-of-life issues. I have helped children deal with school and peer issues as well as parental loss and separation. My therapy style is interactive and psychodynamic and may entail short or long-term therapy, individual psychotherapy or couples work.
(415) 236-2948 View (415) 236-2948
Photo of Elizabeth Ilyitsky, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Elizabeth Ilyitsky
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
2 Endorsed
Online Only
I value the individuality and uniqueness of each of my clients and tailor my treatment to fit their culture, values, strengths, and resources. This has allowed me to be a creative thinker in the treatment process. In my career, I have served as a clinician and clinical supervisor for over 10 years in private practice, and community clinic settings. In my work as a clinician, I employ evidence-based practices and integrate them with the strengths and needs of the individual clients I work with. I make sure each session is constructive, and that my clients feel they are growing, healing, and learning each time they meet with me.
I value the individuality and uniqueness of each of my clients and tailor my treatment to fit their culture, values, strengths, and resources. This has allowed me to be a creative thinker in the treatment process. In my career, I have served as a clinician and clinical supervisor for over 10 years in private practice, and community clinic settings. In my work as a clinician, I employ evidence-based practices and integrate them with the strengths and needs of the individual clients I work with. I make sure each session is constructive, and that my clients feel they are growing, healing, and learning each time they meet with me.
(415) 236-5970 View (415) 236-5970
Photo of Paula Ramos, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Paula Ramos
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
6 Endorsed
Online Only
Life is about maintaining balance in all aspects, through love. There is so much out there to learn and grow from, so why not have fun doing it? A little about me: I love going to CrossFit every morning. I am a huge nerd, constantly listening to audibles and/or podcasts such as Huberman Lab and non-fiction books. I enjoy being outdoors: snowboarding, motorcycle/dirt biking, hiking, any movement &traveling. My parents are from Peru, so I visit there often. Tambien hablo español! Therapy can help your understanding of where your emotions come from connecting the past to the present, and decreasing the intensity by making sense of it.
Life is about maintaining balance in all aspects, through love. There is so much out there to learn and grow from, so why not have fun doing it? A little about me: I love going to CrossFit every morning. I am a huge nerd, constantly listening to audibles and/or podcasts such as Huberman Lab and non-fiction books. I enjoy being outdoors: snowboarding, motorcycle/dirt biking, hiking, any movement &traveling. My parents are from Peru, so I visit there often. Tambien hablo español! Therapy can help your understanding of where your emotions come from connecting the past to the present, and decreasing the intensity by making sense of it.
(951) 397-0447 View (951) 397-0447
Photo of Jamie Bennett, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Jamie Bennett
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Online Only
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) in the state of California with over 9 years of counseling experience. I specialize in treating adolescents and adults who are suffering from anxiety disorders, depression, life transitions, communication challenges, and mood disorders. I have honed a comprehensive therapeutic style to best support patients in sustaining life changes. I currently work in an individual capacity, identifying patients’ most pervasive symptoms with the intention of liberating them from their emotional confines.
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) in the state of California with over 9 years of counseling experience. I specialize in treating adolescents and adults who are suffering from anxiety disorders, depression, life transitions, communication challenges, and mood disorders. I have honed a comprehensive therapeutic style to best support patients in sustaining life changes. I currently work in an individual capacity, identifying patients’ most pervasive symptoms with the intention of liberating them from their emotional confines.
(707) 238-7092 View (707) 238-7092
Photo of Kristin Bradach, Psychologist, PhD
Kristin Bradach
Psychologist, PhD
San Francisco, CA 94102
Welcome! With 28+ years of experience doing psychotherapy, I provide compassionate, personalized care to college students and adults of all ages. I help clients find their best path, whether that be by managing emotional or interpersonal distress, or negotiating major life transitions such as job changes, parenthood, separations, loss and other challenges.
Welcome! With 28+ years of experience doing psychotherapy, I provide compassionate, personalized care to college students and adults of all ages. I help clients find their best path, whether that be by managing emotional or interpersonal distress, or negotiating major life transitions such as job changes, parenthood, separations, loss and other challenges.
(415) 539-2963 View (415) 539-2963
Photo of Thomas Meade, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT
Thomas Meade
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT
1 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94102
Often, our past relationships leave us wounded. The story that we tell ourselves becomes permeated with negative thoughts, low self-worth, and shame. As these feelings manifest, we become anxious and depressed. Therapy can help us discover perspectives that create a new narrative, one in which we have different ways to manage our emotions and lead a more enjoyable life.
Often, our past relationships leave us wounded. The story that we tell ourselves becomes permeated with negative thoughts, low self-worth, and shame. As these feelings manifest, we become anxious and depressed. Therapy can help us discover perspectives that create a new narrative, one in which we have different ways to manage our emotions and lead a more enjoyable life.
(415) 326-9802 View (415) 326-9802
Photo of Abel Grebenik, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA
Abel Grebenik
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA
San Francisco, CA 94114
If you're an LGBTQ+ adult struggling with alcohol or other substance use, you're not alone. Whether you're questioning your relationship with drinking, working toward sobriety, or looking to reduce use and regain control, I offer a direct, supportive, and affirming space to help you move forward. My practice focuses on substance use through a culturally aware lens, recognizing how stress, stigma, and identity can intersect with habits around alcohol and other substances. We’ll explore how your substance use fits into your life—what needs it may be meeting—and, more importantly, what change could look like for you.
If you're an LGBTQ+ adult struggling with alcohol or other substance use, you're not alone. Whether you're questioning your relationship with drinking, working toward sobriety, or looking to reduce use and regain control, I offer a direct, supportive, and affirming space to help you move forward. My practice focuses on substance use through a culturally aware lens, recognizing how stress, stigma, and identity can intersect with habits around alcohol and other substances. We’ll explore how your substance use fits into your life—what needs it may be meeting—and, more importantly, what change could look like for you.
(415) 862-1826 View (415) 862-1826
Photo of Natasha Walter-Fisk, Marriage & Family Therapist, MACP, CA:LMFT, MN:LPCC, CO:LPC
Natasha Walter-Fisk
Marriage & Family Therapist, MACP, CA:LMFT, MN:LPCC, CO:LPC
3 Endorsed
Online Only
Anxiety? You've had enough. You want to feel better, for your brain to stop spinning and your body to relax. Take a gentle breath. Imagine it for a second. I'd like to help you get there. My customized approach uses IFS, EMDR, positive psychology and many other methods. I am an expert in triggers, relationship issues, high expectations, perfectionism, trauma. Expats, nomads. Travel. Goals. Retirement. Cultural & generational differences. Openings available. Exclusively online. California, Minnesota, Colorado, international. Individuals, groups. Anti-racist, LGBTQIA2S+ ally. Sex positive. Private pay. Super bill provided on request.
Anxiety? You've had enough. You want to feel better, for your brain to stop spinning and your body to relax. Take a gentle breath. Imagine it for a second. I'd like to help you get there. My customized approach uses IFS, EMDR, positive psychology and many other methods. I am an expert in triggers, relationship issues, high expectations, perfectionism, trauma. Expats, nomads. Travel. Goals. Retirement. Cultural & generational differences. Openings available. Exclusively online. California, Minnesota, Colorado, international. Individuals, groups. Anti-racist, LGBTQIA2S+ ally. Sex positive. Private pay. Super bill provided on request.
(415) 326-9914 View (415) 326-9914
Photo of Kelsey Crowe, ASW, LMSW, PhD
Kelsey Crowe
Verified Verified
Online Only
Usually, the choice to pursue therapy comes at a time when we feel deeply disconnected, unable to re-center and re-connect on our own. Maybe the obligations you carry leave you exhausted and unfulfilled; perhaps it seems those you live with cannot really see you and don’t appreciate your efforts; or maybe your life has been turned upside-down by illness, the loss of a loved one, or a romantic break-up. Maybe you’re not sure why you feel off-balance, you just know something is wrong. Whatever your story, I’m so glad you’ve found your way here.
Usually, the choice to pursue therapy comes at a time when we feel deeply disconnected, unable to re-center and re-connect on our own. Maybe the obligations you carry leave you exhausted and unfulfilled; perhaps it seems those you live with cannot really see you and don’t appreciate your efforts; or maybe your life has been turned upside-down by illness, the loss of a loved one, or a romantic break-up. Maybe you’re not sure why you feel off-balance, you just know something is wrong. Whatever your story, I’m so glad you’ve found your way here.
(929) 810-2096 View (929) 810-2096
Photo of Andrea Bass, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT, ATR-BC
Andrea Bass
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT, ATR-BC
1 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94118
Making positive changes in our lives is not always easy. It takes courage and strength to reach out for support during challenging times. In our healing journey together, connection to our emotions, our body (somatic mindfulness), our creativity and our life force brings deeper relationships with others leading to a greater connection to ourselves. If we have experienced trauma we can find new ways to self-regulate and build resilience. We can learn to love and accept all the different parts of who we are. I feel honored to accompany you on this journey while providing skillful guidance, attunement and resources along the way.
Making positive changes in our lives is not always easy. It takes courage and strength to reach out for support during challenging times. In our healing journey together, connection to our emotions, our body (somatic mindfulness), our creativity and our life force brings deeper relationships with others leading to a greater connection to ourselves. If we have experienced trauma we can find new ways to self-regulate and build resilience. We can learn to love and accept all the different parts of who we are. I feel honored to accompany you on this journey while providing skillful guidance, attunement and resources along the way.
(415) 877-1964 View (415) 877-1964
Photo of Katrina Child, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT
Katrina Child
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT
7 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94114
I have over 20 years of experience providing therapy and counseling to help people create more fulfilling lives. I believe we all have the potential to feel alive, satisfied and successful in our selves, work and relationships. I am a warm, interactive and collaborative ally who will help you create more resilience and satisfaction in your life. Whether it's relationships, work, anxiety, stress or other challenges, we will work together to clear the obstacles between you and the life you are seeking. I love the work that I do with clients, and feel so lucky to have this career.
I have over 20 years of experience providing therapy and counseling to help people create more fulfilling lives. I believe we all have the potential to feel alive, satisfied and successful in our selves, work and relationships. I am a warm, interactive and collaborative ally who will help you create more resilience and satisfaction in your life. Whether it's relationships, work, anxiety, stress or other challenges, we will work together to clear the obstacles between you and the life you are seeking. I love the work that I do with clients, and feel so lucky to have this career.
(415) 689-9254 View (415) 689-9254
Photo of Daniel C McCracken, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT
Daniel C McCracken
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT
1 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94102
We all have an abundance of inner strength, courage and potential available to us. You may be experiencing difficulty accessing these strengths or carrying them into all areas of your life for a variety of reasons. You may also be caught up in experiencing difficulties that don’t allow you to find the inertia or ability to get to your potential. Some of these difficulties that I work to alleviate so that you can find a more rewarding life are: ANXIETY, DEPRESSION, LOW SELF-ESTEEM, FEELINGS OF BEING STUCK, RELATIONSHIPS, Grief
We all have an abundance of inner strength, courage and potential available to us. You may be experiencing difficulty accessing these strengths or carrying them into all areas of your life for a variety of reasons. You may also be caught up in experiencing difficulties that don’t allow you to find the inertia or ability to get to your potential. Some of these difficulties that I work to alleviate so that you can find a more rewarding life are: ANXIETY, DEPRESSION, LOW SELF-ESTEEM, FEELINGS OF BEING STUCK, RELATIONSHIPS, Grief
(415) 742-1941 View (415) 742-1941
Photo of Kristina Scott, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, AMFT, SEP
Kristina Scott
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, AMFT, SEP
1 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94118
As children, and throughout our lives, many of us are taught, through our families, our peers and our culture, that parts of the truth of who we are—our feelings, thoughts, desires, expression or identity—are bad or wrong, and that we must cut off and bury those unacceptable parts of ourselves in order to be loved. We spend much of our lives living with a fractured sense of self, without ever really knowing why we suffer, feel incomplete, ashamed, and never enough, filling the holes in our hearts with poor substitutes for the acceptance, love and connection we so truly need.
As children, and throughout our lives, many of us are taught, through our families, our peers and our culture, that parts of the truth of who we are—our feelings, thoughts, desires, expression or identity—are bad or wrong, and that we must cut off and bury those unacceptable parts of ourselves in order to be loved. We spend much of our lives living with a fractured sense of self, without ever really knowing why we suffer, feel incomplete, ashamed, and never enough, filling the holes in our hearts with poor substitutes for the acceptance, love and connection we so truly need.
View
Photo of Tandra Froehlich Childress - Tandra Froehlich Childress, ATR, LMFT, Art Therapist, MA, ATR, LMFT
Tandra Froehlich Childress, ATR, LMFT
Art Therapist, MA, ATR, LMFT
San Francisco, CA 94131
You're not alone—life can feel overwhelming, confusing, or stuck at times. I offer a warm, nonjudgmental space where you can safely explore what’s holding you back and begin moving toward a more fulfilling life. My approach is grounded in empathy and genuine connection, because I believe healing happens through trusting relationships. I specialize in supporting teens, young adults, and adults who are navigating challenges such as DID, complex or single-incident trauma, low self-worth, depression, anxiety, eating disorders, or bipolar disorder. Whatever you're facing, I'm here to walk with you on your path to recovery and resilience.
You're not alone—life can feel overwhelming, confusing, or stuck at times. I offer a warm, nonjudgmental space where you can safely explore what’s holding you back and begin moving toward a more fulfilling life. My approach is grounded in empathy and genuine connection, because I believe healing happens through trusting relationships. I specialize in supporting teens, young adults, and adults who are navigating challenges such as DID, complex or single-incident trauma, low self-worth, depression, anxiety, eating disorders, or bipolar disorder. Whatever you're facing, I'm here to walk with you on your path to recovery and resilience.
(415) 562-0416 View (415) 562-0416
Photo of Lesley Ann Van Voorhees - Lesley Van Voorhees, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Lesley Van Voorhees, LCSW
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
San Francisco, CA 94115
My approach is relational and collaborative. I feel passionate about helping you make the changes in your life you'd like help with, including better relationships/marriage, navigating fertility issues, improving mood and self-esteem, more effective parenting, navigating divorce, and feeling less stuck in your life. Additionally, I work with startup founders and executives to drive better outcomes in their professional and personal lives.
My approach is relational and collaborative. I feel passionate about helping you make the changes in your life you'd like help with, including better relationships/marriage, navigating fertility issues, improving mood and self-esteem, more effective parenting, navigating divorce, and feeling less stuck in your life. Additionally, I work with startup founders and executives to drive better outcomes in their professional and personal lives.
(415) 308-8523 View (415) 308-8523

See more therapy options for San Francisco

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in San Francisco, CA

3,000+

Average cost per session

$189

Therapists in San Francisco, CA who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
85% Depression
76% Relationship Issues
73% Self Esteem
69% Trauma and PTSD
65% Life Transitions
63% Grief

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

77% Aetna
55% Cigna and Evernorth
52% Other

How Therapists in San Francisco, CA see their clients

56% Online Only
44% In Person and Online

Gender breakdown

76% Female
21% Male
3% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in San Francisco?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.