Therapists in San Francisco, CA

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Photo of Liz Vines, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, EMDR
Liz Vines
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, EMDR
2 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94118
Offering EMDR and IFS for anxiety, complex trauma, PTSD, or attachment injuries. My style is mindfulness based, compassion focused, somatic, and stems from a non-pathologizing lens. I tend to be a good fit with artists and creative types, perfectionists, high achievers, people who love to learn, and those who identify as highly sensitive. Many of my clients have done a lot of inner work and are looking to deepen the healing that they've already accomplished. I love working with first timers as well. Read more about my approach and style on my website linked above.
Offering EMDR and IFS for anxiety, complex trauma, PTSD, or attachment injuries. My style is mindfulness based, compassion focused, somatic, and stems from a non-pathologizing lens. I tend to be a good fit with artists and creative types, perfectionists, high achievers, people who love to learn, and those who identify as highly sensitive. Many of my clients have done a lot of inner work and are looking to deepen the healing that they've already accomplished. I love working with first timers as well. Read more about my approach and style on my website linked above.
(949) 749-7169 View (949) 749-7169
Photo of Emily Eliash, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Emily Eliash
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
2 Endorsed
Online Only
In my work as a therapist, I've supported people from diverse sociocultural backgrounds, with a wide range of mental health challenges and lived experiences. I aim to provide a therapeutic environment that is non-judgemental and collaborative. My clinical style is to lead with warmth, humor, and curiosity. I value direct and open communication so that clients can have space to be themselves and keep it real. I draw from multiple evidence-based treatments, most often integrating Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Dialectical Behavior Therapy strategies to increase effective coping responses to life challenges.
In my work as a therapist, I've supported people from diverse sociocultural backgrounds, with a wide range of mental health challenges and lived experiences. I aim to provide a therapeutic environment that is non-judgemental and collaborative. My clinical style is to lead with warmth, humor, and curiosity. I value direct and open communication so that clients can have space to be themselves and keep it real. I draw from multiple evidence-based treatments, most often integrating Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Dialectical Behavior Therapy strategies to increase effective coping responses to life challenges.
(510) 617-1868 View (510) 617-1868
Photo of Courtney A Hartman, Psychologist, PsyD
Courtney A Hartman
Psychologist, PsyD
San Francisco, CA 94103
Starting therapy and finding the right fit can be a daunting task. I view the therapeutic relationship as something that is co-created over time and as the primary tool for healing. I have experience working with ages 3-50+ providing specific insights and tools relevant for the progressive stages of life and the many difficulties that can come up along the way. Focusing on the here and now, we work to increase self awareness, compassion, insight and care while simultaneously holding the larger context within which we meet, including ways that race, gender, class and culture impact our experiences and identities.
Starting therapy and finding the right fit can be a daunting task. I view the therapeutic relationship as something that is co-created over time and as the primary tool for healing. I have experience working with ages 3-50+ providing specific insights and tools relevant for the progressive stages of life and the many difficulties that can come up along the way. Focusing on the here and now, we work to increase self awareness, compassion, insight and care while simultaneously holding the larger context within which we meet, including ways that race, gender, class and culture impact our experiences and identities.
(415) 799-1485 View (415) 799-1485
Photo of Kayla Haberern, Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, LPCC
Kayla Haberern
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, LPCC
San Francisco, CA 94109
Hi! Seeking therapy can be a very difficult process, so I honor your wisdom and your steps in your/your family's healing journey. I genuinely care about you and my heart is truly in this work. I am a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor and a Registered Dance/Movement Therapist with more than 2 decades of creative leadership experience and 13 years of clinical therapy experience working with all ages and many different mental health struggles and diagnoses, including extensive work with young children and families.
Hi! Seeking therapy can be a very difficult process, so I honor your wisdom and your steps in your/your family's healing journey. I genuinely care about you and my heart is truly in this work. I am a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor and a Registered Dance/Movement Therapist with more than 2 decades of creative leadership experience and 13 years of clinical therapy experience working with all ages and many different mental health struggles and diagnoses, including extensive work with young children and families.
(415) 980-8234 View (415) 980-8234
Photo of Daniela Eckert, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Daniela Eckert
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Online Only
Not accepting new clients
Welcome! Please use this profile to contact me directly. I work with individuals and couples, and take an integrated, relational, strengths-based approach to therapy. My style is client-centered and adaptable. I believe in a strong therapeutic alliance - my job is to partner with you in applying evidence-based practices to enhance your toolkit and improve your quality of life. In addition to private practice, I worked as a social worker in Level I Trauma Center Emergency Departments and Intensive Care Units for 10 years, specializing in acute mental health crises, complex grief and trauma, perinatal care, and child welfare.
Welcome! Please use this profile to contact me directly. I work with individuals and couples, and take an integrated, relational, strengths-based approach to therapy. My style is client-centered and adaptable. I believe in a strong therapeutic alliance - my job is to partner with you in applying evidence-based practices to enhance your toolkit and improve your quality of life. In addition to private practice, I worked as a social worker in Level I Trauma Center Emergency Departments and Intensive Care Units for 10 years, specializing in acute mental health crises, complex grief and trauma, perinatal care, and child welfare.
(510) 890-0504 View (510) 890-0504
Photo of Nina Hausman, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Nina Hausman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Are you feeling stuck in life? Maybe you’re struggling with relationship challenges, past traumas or work stress? Is shame, anxiety, anger or numbness affecting your ability to be happy? Maybe you’re wondering how your substance use, or that of a loved one, is related to any of this? I’d like to offer a non-judgmental space to explore behaviors, beliefs and feelings that keep you from living the life you want to live. You are not broken and I would be honored to help you reconnect to the innate wisdom and power of your true self. My style is real, warm and respectful of your choices, whatever they may be.
Are you feeling stuck in life? Maybe you’re struggling with relationship challenges, past traumas or work stress? Is shame, anxiety, anger or numbness affecting your ability to be happy? Maybe you’re wondering how your substance use, or that of a loved one, is related to any of this? I’d like to offer a non-judgmental space to explore behaviors, beliefs and feelings that keep you from living the life you want to live. You are not broken and I would be honored to help you reconnect to the innate wisdom and power of your true self. My style is real, warm and respectful of your choices, whatever they may be.
(510) 405-0628 View (510) 405-0628
Photo of Kim Jones, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT
Kim Jones
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT
San Francisco, CA 94122
My clients come from a variety of different backgrounds, but all come with an intention to learn more about themselves, their unique patterns of relating in the world, and gain relief from some of their troubling symptoms. These symptoms may include anger, resentment, anxiety, perfectionism, depression, emotional overwhelm, disordered eating, or trouble in relationships with family and loved ones. Most have early relational trauma from their family of origin that continues to impact them. However you may be feeling, I believe that your symptoms are there to get your attention, and therapy can be helpful.
My clients come from a variety of different backgrounds, but all come with an intention to learn more about themselves, their unique patterns of relating in the world, and gain relief from some of their troubling symptoms. These symptoms may include anger, resentment, anxiety, perfectionism, depression, emotional overwhelm, disordered eating, or trouble in relationships with family and loved ones. Most have early relational trauma from their family of origin that continues to impact them. However you may be feeling, I believe that your symptoms are there to get your attention, and therapy can be helpful.
(628) 227-6082 View (628) 227-6082
Photo of Kira Torre - Ever After Individual and Family Therapy, Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Ever After Individual and Family Therapy
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
San Francisco, CA 94110
Welcome to Ever After Therapy! We are a group practice providing behavioral health care for adults, adolescents, and families. We are especially skilled at supporting people through emotionally complex, high-stress periods, including situations where feelings are intense, layered, or difficult to hold alone. We offer weekly outpatient therapy, as well as short-term, more frequent sessions during times when additional support is helpful, with the goal of stabilizing concerns and returning to weekly therapy when appropriate.
Welcome to Ever After Therapy! We are a group practice providing behavioral health care for adults, adolescents, and families. We are especially skilled at supporting people through emotionally complex, high-stress periods, including situations where feelings are intense, layered, or difficult to hold alone. We offer weekly outpatient therapy, as well as short-term, more frequent sessions during times when additional support is helpful, with the goal of stabilizing concerns and returning to weekly therapy when appropriate.
(925) 406-3091 View (925) 406-3091
Photo of Darcy Dittrich, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Darcy Dittrich
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
3 Endorsed
Online Only
You’re thoughtful, capable, and highly self-aware. So why do you still feel anxious, burnt out, self-critical, or stuck? Maybe you think a lot about what isn’t working, but aren’t sure how to change it. Or maybe you feel disconnected from yourself or others, despite wanting closeness and ease. You’re not alone in how you’re feeling. I believe insight grows through thoughtful exploration and the right kind of support. Therapy can be a space to better understand yourself or your relationship and move toward what matters to you.
You’re thoughtful, capable, and highly self-aware. So why do you still feel anxious, burnt out, self-critical, or stuck? Maybe you think a lot about what isn’t working, but aren’t sure how to change it. Or maybe you feel disconnected from yourself or others, despite wanting closeness and ease. You’re not alone in how you’re feeling. I believe insight grows through thoughtful exploration and the right kind of support. Therapy can be a space to better understand yourself or your relationship and move toward what matters to you.
(415) 903-2756 View (415) 903-2756
Photo of Stephanie Gay Moss, Psychologist, PsyD
Stephanie Gay Moss
Psychologist, PsyD
San Francisco, CA 94115
My work with you begins with the recognition that it takes courage to seek help. You may have questions about why you feel the way you feel and why you do the things you do. I believe you are not defined by your symptoms. Whether you struggle with love, work, or relationships, whether you are in crisis or you have received a mental health diagnosis, I believe that your true desires, conflicts, and needs are meaningful and worth actively getting to know. From our first session together, I meet you where you are.
My work with you begins with the recognition that it takes courage to seek help. You may have questions about why you feel the way you feel and why you do the things you do. I believe you are not defined by your symptoms. Whether you struggle with love, work, or relationships, whether you are in crisis or you have received a mental health diagnosis, I believe that your true desires, conflicts, and needs are meaningful and worth actively getting to know. From our first session together, I meet you where you are.
(415) 527-5963 View (415) 527-5963
Photo of Emily Adili, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Emily Adili
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Online Only
I'm passionate about working with young adults, parents/families, and the LGBTQ+ community. I specialize in substance use, anxiety, women's issues, and couples therapy. I strive to make my office a safe space for clients by self-disclosing when appropriate, finding humor in the process, softening the environment, and allowing clients to come as their authentic selves. I ask you to trust me and know I am showing up for you. I am passionate about helping people find their voice and learn the skills necessary to feel confident in their abilities to navigate life. Let's explore how past experiences shape your current self-view.
I'm passionate about working with young adults, parents/families, and the LGBTQ+ community. I specialize in substance use, anxiety, women's issues, and couples therapy. I strive to make my office a safe space for clients by self-disclosing when appropriate, finding humor in the process, softening the environment, and allowing clients to come as their authentic selves. I ask you to trust me and know I am showing up for you. I am passionate about helping people find their voice and learn the skills necessary to feel confident in their abilities to navigate life. Let's explore how past experiences shape your current self-view.
(415) 797-0327 View (415) 797-0327
Photo of Erin Johnson, Psychologist, LCP
Erin Johnson
Psychologist, LCP
Online Only
Taking the first step to make positive changes in your life takes courage. If you are ready to take that step, I am here to support and empower you. I specialize in working with individuals navigating life transitions, anxiety, depression, relationship issues, and self-esteem. My therapy style is warm and focuses on interactive and individualized collaboration with my clients. I look forward to hearing from you when you are ready to work together! I will work with you to find the best approach to meet your individual needs.
Taking the first step to make positive changes in your life takes courage. If you are ready to take that step, I am here to support and empower you. I specialize in working with individuals navigating life transitions, anxiety, depression, relationship issues, and self-esteem. My therapy style is warm and focuses on interactive and individualized collaboration with my clients. I look forward to hearing from you when you are ready to work together! I will work with you to find the best approach to meet your individual needs.
(818) 483-9086 View (818) 483-9086
Photo of Susan E Boxer, Psychologist, PhD
Susan E Boxer
Psychologist, PhD
San Francisco, CA 94102
If you've come to a crisis point in your life, it can make such a difference to talk with someone who can help you not only with your immediate concern, but with understanding what it can tell you about yourself. I have an exploratory approach -- listening for what you say but haven't yet heard and speaking up for what you allude to but haven't yet articulated. This process requires privacy, safety, curiosity, and attention.
If you've come to a crisis point in your life, it can make such a difference to talk with someone who can help you not only with your immediate concern, but with understanding what it can tell you about yourself. I have an exploratory approach -- listening for what you say but haven't yet heard and speaking up for what you allude to but haven't yet articulated. This process requires privacy, safety, curiosity, and attention.
(415) 241-9211 View (415) 241-9211
Photo of McKenna Becker, Associate Clinical Social Worker, ASW
McKenna Becker
Associate Clinical Social Worker, ASW
3 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94118
I'm a therapist specializing in working with teens and young adults, focusing on anxiety, perfectionism, addiction, and neurodivergence, particularly ADHD and concussion/TBI. In my practice, I help teens understand that anxiety is not an enemy to be feared but a signal to be understood and harnessed. Together, we work on strategies to manage anxiety effectively, allowing it to serve as a guide rather than a ruler. By shifting this perspective, teens learn to recognize anxiety's presence as a normal and manageable part of their lives, building resilience and gaining control over their emotional responses.
I'm a therapist specializing in working with teens and young adults, focusing on anxiety, perfectionism, addiction, and neurodivergence, particularly ADHD and concussion/TBI. In my practice, I help teens understand that anxiety is not an enemy to be feared but a signal to be understood and harnessed. Together, we work on strategies to manage anxiety effectively, allowing it to serve as a guide rather than a ruler. By shifting this perspective, teens learn to recognize anxiety's presence as a normal and manageable part of their lives, building resilience and gaining control over their emotional responses.
(415) 936-8043 View (415) 936-8043
Photo of Diana Chu, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA
Diana Chu
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA
6 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94104
You are probably not someone who asks for help easily. You have spent years being the one who figures things out, who holds it together, who performs. And it has worked. Until it started costing you more than you expected. I work with executives, founders, and high-achieving professionals who are ready to stop managing their inner life and start understanding it. People who are successful by every measure and still feel something is off. The relationships that suffer quietly. The version of yourself you have not had time to think about in years. If that is you, you are in the right place.
You are probably not someone who asks for help easily. You have spent years being the one who figures things out, who holds it together, who performs. And it has worked. Until it started costing you more than you expected. I work with executives, founders, and high-achieving professionals who are ready to stop managing their inner life and start understanding it. People who are successful by every measure and still feel something is off. The relationships that suffer quietly. The version of yourself you have not had time to think about in years. If that is you, you are in the right place.
(415) 687-2675 View (415) 687-2675
Photo of Anne Diedrich, Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, MFT
Anne Diedrich
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, MFT
1 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94107
I trust that people come to therapy seeking a more authentic happiness; and I work as best as I can to help clients let go of concepts and mistaken views of themselves that have led to more pain and confusion. I work with individuals, couples, children and families, bringing warmth and understanding to the relationships and life problems that surround us. Sometimes the first call is the most difficult. I am often available to speak briefly or will return your call as soon as possible, making the next steps and new perspectives possible.
I trust that people come to therapy seeking a more authentic happiness; and I work as best as I can to help clients let go of concepts and mistaken views of themselves that have led to more pain and confusion. I work with individuals, couples, children and families, bringing warmth and understanding to the relationships and life problems that surround us. Sometimes the first call is the most difficult. I am often available to speak briefly or will return your call as soon as possible, making the next steps and new perspectives possible.
(415) 944-3945 View (415) 944-3945
Photo of Megan DaRin, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Megan DaRin
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
San Francisco, CA 94115
I work with adults at every stage of caregiving, including pre-conception and family planning, pregnancy, postpartum, and the early years of raising children. This stage of life can bring anxiety, burnout, emotional reactivity, guilt, relationship strain, and a sense of being stuck in challenging patterns. I also support adults who want to understand how their own early experiences affect the way they connect to others. My practice offers a supportive space to feel more grounded, effective, and confident in family life and the relationships most important to us.
I work with adults at every stage of caregiving, including pre-conception and family planning, pregnancy, postpartum, and the early years of raising children. This stage of life can bring anxiety, burnout, emotional reactivity, guilt, relationship strain, and a sense of being stuck in challenging patterns. I also support adults who want to understand how their own early experiences affect the way they connect to others. My practice offers a supportive space to feel more grounded, effective, and confident in family life and the relationships most important to us.
(415) 634-1161 View (415) 634-1161
Photo of Pearl B Werfel, Psychologist, PhD
Pearl B Werfel
Psychologist, PhD
San Francisco, CA 94104
Even the most capable and intelligent person will sometimes need help. My clients include professionals, supervisors, executives, and healthcare providers who seek to better manage the stressors of their professional and personal lives. I create a safe and comfortable environment where you can learn how to decrease stress and anxiety, sleep better, reduce or eliminate pain, live well with chronic illness, resolve past trauma and stop self-limiting behaviors. My over 25 years of experience and training enables me to tailor therapeutic interventions to your needs.
Even the most capable and intelligent person will sometimes need help. My clients include professionals, supervisors, executives, and healthcare providers who seek to better manage the stressors of their professional and personal lives. I create a safe and comfortable environment where you can learn how to decrease stress and anxiety, sleep better, reduce or eliminate pain, live well with chronic illness, resolve past trauma and stop self-limiting behaviors. My over 25 years of experience and training enables me to tailor therapeutic interventions to your needs.
(510) 665-5802 View (510) 665-5802
Photo of Amilia Rodriguez, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Amilia Rodriguez
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
San Francisco, CA 94117
I work best with people feeling stressed, anxious, depressed, or low self-esteem. You want clarity, calm, and more authentic connection—at home, at school, at work, and in love. With a warm, heart-centered, multicultural approach, I offer an LGBTQ+ affirming, non-judgmental space to explore emotions, unpack patterns, and heal. Together we’ll build practical skills for communication, boundaries, and self-trust so you can live more fully. I blend mindfulness, somatic awareness, and attachment-based therapy to support lasting change.
I work best with people feeling stressed, anxious, depressed, or low self-esteem. You want clarity, calm, and more authentic connection—at home, at school, at work, and in love. With a warm, heart-centered, multicultural approach, I offer an LGBTQ+ affirming, non-judgmental space to explore emotions, unpack patterns, and heal. Together we’ll build practical skills for communication, boundaries, and self-trust so you can live more fully. I blend mindfulness, somatic awareness, and attachment-based therapy to support lasting change.
(415) 943-1336 View (415) 943-1336
Photo of Mehreen Zahoor, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, LPCC
Mehreen Zahoor
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, LPCC
Online Only
The world feels like a dumpster fire. Are you feeling anxious and depressed about navigating life challenges on top of everything going on? Do you need a safe space to talk about the frustration and fears you’re facing? I want to offer you that. We have been called resilient in the face of adversity for so long. And it’s intensely tiring to be glorified and honored for a having survival response. That’s what it is- survival. Therapy can be a place where you can leave your resiliency at the door and share your vulnerabilities.
The world feels like a dumpster fire. Are you feeling anxious and depressed about navigating life challenges on top of everything going on? Do you need a safe space to talk about the frustration and fears you’re facing? I want to offer you that. We have been called resilient in the face of adversity for so long. And it’s intensely tiring to be glorified and honored for a having survival response. That’s what it is- survival. Therapy can be a place where you can leave your resiliency at the door and share your vulnerabilities.
(510) 694-8031 View (510) 694-8031

See more therapy options for San Francisco

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in San Francisco, CA

3,000+

Average cost per session

$199

Therapists in San Francisco, CA who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
92% Social Anxiety
92% Health Anxiety
92% Driving Anxiety
85% Depression
79% Relationship Issues
75% Relationship Anxiety

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

86% Aetna
61% Cigna and Evernorth
52% Anthem

How Therapists in San Francisco, CA see their clients

52% Online Only
48% In Person and Online

Gender breakdown

75% Female
22% Male
3% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in San Francisco?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.