Photo of Dr. Michelle R. Grayden - Psychotherapy for the Soul, PhD
Psychotherapy for the Soul
Verified Verified
Scottsdale, AZ 85266
Unlock your potential to heal and restore your soul with Dr. Grayden’s unique synthesis of therapeutic approaches Specializing in integrative therapies consisting of the Mind, Body & Spirit. Healing through traditional Psychotherapy, Meditation, Sound Healing & Reiki. These new paths to recovery activate the brain’s natural neuroplasticity to rewire disturbed functioning and rebuild step by step the ability to “know what you know and feel what you feel.” They also offer experiences that directly counteract the helplessness and invisibility associated with trauma, enabling adults and children to reclaim ownership of their body.
Unlock your potential to heal and restore your soul with Dr. Grayden’s unique synthesis of therapeutic approaches Specializing in integrative therapies consisting of the Mind, Body & Spirit. Healing through traditional Psychotherapy, Meditation, Sound Healing & Reiki. These new paths to recovery activate the brain’s natural neuroplasticity to rewire disturbed functioning and rebuild step by step the ability to “know what you know and feel what you feel.” They also offer experiences that directly counteract the helplessness and invisibility associated with trauma, enabling adults and children to reclaim ownership of their body.
(480) 237-9776 View (480) 237-9776
Photo of Imac Holmes, Licensed Professional Counselor
Imac Holmes
Licensed Professional Counselor
Online Only
Dr. Holmes has been a Licensed Professional Counselor for over 20 years and has also had the privilege of having been a full time Assistant Professor of Counselor Supervision and Education program at a few wonderful universities. She started her professional career working with children and families and has always been committed to supporting all people in whatever stage of development and process they are in.
Dr. Holmes has been a Licensed Professional Counselor for over 20 years and has also had the privilege of having been a full time Assistant Professor of Counselor Supervision and Education program at a few wonderful universities. She started her professional career working with children and families and has always been committed to supporting all people in whatever stage of development and process they are in.
(480) 999-9211 View (480) 999-9211
Photo of Alicia Goodman, Licensed Professional Counselor
Alicia Goodman
Licensed Professional Counselor
Online Only
My practice offers respectful support, guidance for all people from all different walks of life. I received my BA from Boston University and my MA from Lesley University both degrees are in psychology. I am a Licensed Professional Counselor with the highest level of license, independently licensed in the state of Arizona, LPC 14575. I offer only teletherapy visits. I am trained in evidenced based methods to provide psychoeducation and effective interventions that have been proven to decrease symptoms
My practice offers respectful support, guidance for all people from all different walks of life. I received my BA from Boston University and my MA from Lesley University both degrees are in psychology. I am a Licensed Professional Counselor with the highest level of license, independently licensed in the state of Arizona, LPC 14575. I offer only teletherapy visits. I am trained in evidenced based methods to provide psychoeducation and effective interventions that have been proven to decrease symptoms
(480) 245-5635 View (480) 245-5635
Photo of Amy Dye, Marriage & Family Therapist
Amy Dye
Marriage & Family Therapist
Online Only
My therapy style focuses on my belief that you are competent and capable. I believe you are more aware of what needs to happen for change to occur, than the you may realize. At times, people become stuck in unproductive ways of doing things and have trouble seeing other options. I also feel that people sometimes continually hear that they are not capable or create a negative story about the situation. It than makes it difficult to view their lives from another perspective. Because of these beliefs, one of my goals is to help clients see themselves as competent and capable of dealing with problems that occur in their lives.
My therapy style focuses on my belief that you are competent and capable. I believe you are more aware of what needs to happen for change to occur, than the you may realize. At times, people become stuck in unproductive ways of doing things and have trouble seeing other options. I also feel that people sometimes continually hear that they are not capable or create a negative story about the situation. It than makes it difficult to view their lives from another perspective. Because of these beliefs, one of my goals is to help clients see themselves as competent and capable of dealing with problems that occur in their lives.
(623) 294-6348 View (623) 294-6348
Photo of Laura Hazard, Licensed Professional Counselor
Laura Hazard
Licensed Professional Counselor
Online Only
Warm weather is here, and crazy summer schedules are upon us… Maybe things have recently become too much or maybe you’ve been meaning to reach out for a while, either way, you’ve made it this point – how wonderful & welcome! I work with adults struggling with anxiety, depression, personality disorders, navigating major life transitions and compassion fatigue, also known as burnout. Burnout can be experienced in any profession or lifestyle. My clinical orientation is rooted in a blend of person-centered theories, cognitive behavioral therapy and behaviorism.
Warm weather is here, and crazy summer schedules are upon us… Maybe things have recently become too much or maybe you’ve been meaning to reach out for a while, either way, you’ve made it this point – how wonderful & welcome! I work with adults struggling with anxiety, depression, personality disorders, navigating major life transitions and compassion fatigue, also known as burnout. Burnout can be experienced in any profession or lifestyle. My clinical orientation is rooted in a blend of person-centered theories, cognitive behavioral therapy and behaviorism.
(928) 588-6955 View (928) 588-6955
Photo of Kathleen Keim, Licensed Professional Counselor
Kathleen Keim
Licensed Professional Counselor
Online Only
Hi! I am a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) with over 10 years of experience. I specialize in trauma, anxiety and PTSD using EMDR therapy. You can become free from stress and negative past memories. Also, I love working with people from different cultural backgrounds, since I have taught abroad and traveled to 38 countries. Are you facing adjustment issues because of cross-cultural or identity issues, divorce or career changes?
Hi! I am a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) with over 10 years of experience. I specialize in trauma, anxiety and PTSD using EMDR therapy. You can become free from stress and negative past memories. Also, I love working with people from different cultural backgrounds, since I have taught abroad and traveled to 38 countries. Are you facing adjustment issues because of cross-cultural or identity issues, divorce or career changes?
(480) 933-5412 View (480) 933-5412
Photo of Russell Johnson, Licensed Professional Counselor
Russell Johnson
Licensed Professional Counselor
Online Only
He has 42 years of experience as a counselor and is both a Licensed Professional Counselor and a Licensed Independent Substance Counselor. He has had many careers including being an executive director, clinical director, clinical trainer, mental health counselor, substance abuse counselor, domestic violence counselor, family counselor, group counselor, crisis counselor, and grief counselor. He currently offers individual, couples, family, and group counseling.
He has 42 years of experience as a counselor and is both a Licensed Professional Counselor and a Licensed Independent Substance Counselor. He has had many careers including being an executive director, clinical director, clinical trainer, mental health counselor, substance abuse counselor, domestic violence counselor, family counselor, group counselor, crisis counselor, and grief counselor. He currently offers individual, couples, family, and group counseling.
(480) 914-4143 View (480) 914-4143
Photo of Kimberly Jones, Licensed Professional Counselor
Kimberly Jones
Licensed Professional Counselor
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Hi. My name is Kim and I have been working in behavioral health since 2002. I have spent a majority of my career working with people in crisis situations. I have experience working with all ages - children, adolescents, and adults. I used CBT, motivational interviewing, solution focused, and person centered theories in my practice with clients. My passions are suicide prevention and mental health awareness. I am originally from Massachusetts but have lived in Arizona since 1995. I am mother of three kids. I love the beach/ocean, my favorite flower is a sunflower and I enjoy reading in my free time.
Hi. My name is Kim and I have been working in behavioral health since 2002. I have spent a majority of my career working with people in crisis situations. I have experience working with all ages - children, adolescents, and adults. I used CBT, motivational interviewing, solution focused, and person centered theories in my practice with clients. My passions are suicide prevention and mental health awareness. I am originally from Massachusetts but have lived in Arizona since 1995. I am mother of three kids. I love the beach/ocean, my favorite flower is a sunflower and I enjoy reading in my free time.
(480) 418-9695 View (480) 418-9695
Photo of Sarah Freitag, Licensed Professional Counselor, MC, LPC, NCC
Sarah Freitag
Licensed Professional Counselor, MC, LPC, NCC
8 Endorsed
Online Only
Does life currently feel like you are just existing, surviving, reacting, or coping? Are you lacking real connection to yourself or others? Do you strive to feel more balanced and engage in behaviors that align with your values and goals? Excessive worry, lack of motivation, social isolation, and loss of self-worth are just a few of the symptoms that can be experienced from suffering trauma, grief, anxiety, or depression. Whether you are looking for a therapist for the first time or need to start back up, you have come to the right place.
Does life currently feel like you are just existing, surviving, reacting, or coping? Are you lacking real connection to yourself or others? Do you strive to feel more balanced and engage in behaviors that align with your values and goals? Excessive worry, lack of motivation, social isolation, and loss of self-worth are just a few of the symptoms that can be experienced from suffering trauma, grief, anxiety, or depression. Whether you are looking for a therapist for the first time or need to start back up, you have come to the right place.
(480) 908-9109 View (480) 908-9109
Photo of Kim Glenn - Kim Glenn, Offering EMDR Intensives , Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, CST
Kim Glenn, Offering EMDR Intensives
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, CST
3 Endorsed
Online Only
Does anxiety get in the way of your performance sexually, or otherwise? Have past experiences left you feeling guarded, fearful or confused? Is being vulnerable difficult for you? Unresolved grief or trauma can make us feel stuck, misunderstood, and unable to move forward. It can leave us feeling depressed, and anxious. Perhaps you desire enhanced connection with others but this has been elusive to you and you feel physically or emotionally blocked in some way. You want to reach your full potential in all areas of your life and you just need some support to unlock it. Consider an EMDR Intensive to accelerate your progress.
Does anxiety get in the way of your performance sexually, or otherwise? Have past experiences left you feeling guarded, fearful or confused? Is being vulnerable difficult for you? Unresolved grief or trauma can make us feel stuck, misunderstood, and unable to move forward. It can leave us feeling depressed, and anxious. Perhaps you desire enhanced connection with others but this has been elusive to you and you feel physically or emotionally blocked in some way. You want to reach your full potential in all areas of your life and you just need some support to unlock it. Consider an EMDR Intensive to accelerate your progress.
(480) 418-2945 View (480) 418-2945
Photo of Pamela Morris, Marriage & Family Therapist
Pamela Morris
Marriage & Family Therapist
Online Only
Pamela Morris is a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist (LMFT) with over 27 years of experience. She specializes in treating issues related to depression, divorce, family conflict, and women's issues. Pamela has a Master's Degree in Sociology with an emphasis in Family Studies, as well as a Bachelor's degree in Psychology with a minor in Philosophy from Valdosta State University. She received post-masters training at "The Link" Marriage and Family Training Institute.
Pamela Morris is a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist (LMFT) with over 27 years of experience. She specializes in treating issues related to depression, divorce, family conflict, and women's issues. Pamela has a Master's Degree in Sociology with an emphasis in Family Studies, as well as a Bachelor's degree in Psychology with a minor in Philosophy from Valdosta State University. She received post-masters training at "The Link" Marriage and Family Training Institute.
(470) 868-1591 View (470) 868-1591
Photo of Layne Hood, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Layne Hood
Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Online Only
Layne's work builds emotional fitness and optimizes personal freedom. He has worked with a wide variety of people in various circumstances. While he is a generalist, Layne has often worked with clients to stabilize their emotions, thinking, and actions. Such changes may call for resolving conflicts in one's personal history. They always involve individual practices to shape and keep constructive relationships with oneself, others, and situations. Layne is proficient in Acceptance Commitment Therapy, among others. Internal Family Systems therapy informs his work. He employs energy psychology strategies. And he integrates proven metho
Layne's work builds emotional fitness and optimizes personal freedom. He has worked with a wide variety of people in various circumstances. While he is a generalist, Layne has often worked with clients to stabilize their emotions, thinking, and actions. Such changes may call for resolving conflicts in one's personal history. They always involve individual practices to shape and keep constructive relationships with oneself, others, and situations. Layne is proficient in Acceptance Commitment Therapy, among others. Internal Family Systems therapy informs his work. He employs energy psychology strategies. And he integrates proven metho
(520) 630-2963 View (520) 630-2963
Photo of Jaymie Kaczmarek, Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, NCC , CFC
Jaymie Kaczmarek
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, NCC , CFC
3 Endorsed
Scottsdale, AZ 85266
I am a Clinical Mental Health Therapist, Custody Evaluator, and Parent Coordinator in private practice in Central Oregon with over 20 years of experience in custody dispute and parenting time issues. I specialize in co-parenting, parental alienation, parenting estrangement, and parent-child relationship issues. I also work with teens and adults with addiction issues, social barriers, self-harm behaviors, anxiety, and depression.
I am a Clinical Mental Health Therapist, Custody Evaluator, and Parent Coordinator in private practice in Central Oregon with over 20 years of experience in custody dispute and parenting time issues. I specialize in co-parenting, parental alienation, parenting estrangement, and parent-child relationship issues. I also work with teens and adults with addiction issues, social barriers, self-harm behaviors, anxiety, and depression.
(541) 435-2838 View (541) 435-2838
Photo of Abigail Joseph, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Abigail Joseph
Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Online Only
Abby is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker who believes in the importance of building a trusting strength-based therapeutic relationship. Abby has been certified in Motivational Interviewing. Abby has received training in Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing EMDR, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, Client-Centered Therapy, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, and mindfulness. Abby utilizes a biopsychosocial spiritual model of therapy which includes taking a look at core beliefs about self and considering how these beliefs impact current and past relationships and views on spirituality and/or one's moral compass.
Abby is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker who believes in the importance of building a trusting strength-based therapeutic relationship. Abby has been certified in Motivational Interviewing. Abby has received training in Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing EMDR, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, Client-Centered Therapy, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, and mindfulness. Abby utilizes a biopsychosocial spiritual model of therapy which includes taking a look at core beliefs about self and considering how these beliefs impact current and past relationships and views on spirituality and/or one's moral compass.
(928) 414-8926 View (928) 414-8926
Photo of Elizabeth Heil, Licensed Professional Counselor
Elizabeth Heil
Licensed Professional Counselor
Online Only
Are you ready to make a change in your life? It takes courage to ask for help, but the rewards of doing so can lead to a lifetime of fulfillment. I understand and have experienced the emotional challenges life has to offer. In working together, we will cultivate growth by understanding the obstacles that you face and develop solutions that can help you gain control of your life and achieve your goals. Ultimately, therapy can lead you to greater self-awareness, self-esteem, and most importantly, a more fulfilling life. I am passionate about empowering individuals, especially women of all ages.
Are you ready to make a change in your life? It takes courage to ask for help, but the rewards of doing so can lead to a lifetime of fulfillment. I understand and have experienced the emotional challenges life has to offer. In working together, we will cultivate growth by understanding the obstacles that you face and develop solutions that can help you gain control of your life and achieve your goals. Ultimately, therapy can lead you to greater self-awareness, self-esteem, and most importantly, a more fulfilling life. I am passionate about empowering individuals, especially women of all ages.
(480) 530-6964 View (480) 530-6964
Photo of Berit Heyer Boyd, Licensed Professional Counselor
Berit Heyer Boyd
Licensed Professional Counselor
Online Only
I am so glad to see that you are ready to make some lifelong and lasting changes. Now is the time liberate yourself from worrying all the time, sadness, grief, and breaking the chains of perfectionism and addiction. You don't have to do this alone. We will take this journey together when you will learn about insights to recognize some self-defeating patterns, and increase your awareness about your own needs, beliefs, and actions to find your true self again. I'm here and ready to help. I graduated in 2001 with a Master’s Degree in Behavioral Sciences. As a licensed Professional Counselor, I have worked with adult individuals, groups
I am so glad to see that you are ready to make some lifelong and lasting changes. Now is the time liberate yourself from worrying all the time, sadness, grief, and breaking the chains of perfectionism and addiction. You don't have to do this alone. We will take this journey together when you will learn about insights to recognize some self-defeating patterns, and increase your awareness about your own needs, beliefs, and actions to find your true self again. I'm here and ready to help. I graduated in 2001 with a Master’s Degree in Behavioral Sciences. As a licensed Professional Counselor, I have worked with adult individuals, groups
(928) 599-1255 View (928) 599-1255
Photo of Jodi Peary, PhD, JD
Jodi Peary
Verified Verified
Serves Area
I am a psychologist and former family lawyer. I help men and women 40 years of age and older heal body, mind, & spirit. I help clients assess the legal, emotional, spiritual, & financial aspects of conflict in their relationships. I help clients build new lives after divorce and death of a spouse. I have extensive expertise in co-parenting and mid life dating. I am also a transpersonal clinical hypnotherapist. My client centered approach supports bridging body, mind, and spirit to achieve life changing transformational results.
I am a psychologist and former family lawyer. I help men and women 40 years of age and older heal body, mind, & spirit. I help clients assess the legal, emotional, spiritual, & financial aspects of conflict in their relationships. I help clients build new lives after divorce and death of a spouse. I have extensive expertise in co-parenting and mid life dating. I am also a transpersonal clinical hypnotherapist. My client centered approach supports bridging body, mind, and spirit to achieve life changing transformational results.
(602) 461-8578 View (602) 461-8578
Photo of Tiffany Bryant, Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Tiffany Bryant
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Serves Area
Do you struggle with Anxiety, Depression, or feeling like you're not good enough? Dealing with low self-esteem, or lack of confidence? Feel stuck and unsure of how to move forward? Want help but not sure where to start?
Do you struggle with Anxiety, Depression, or feeling like you're not good enough? Dealing with low self-esteem, or lack of confidence? Feel stuck and unsure of how to move forward? Want help but not sure where to start?
(623) 343-6881 View (623) 343-6881
Photo of Dr. Patricia Raya, Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC, NCC, Coach
Dr. Patricia Raya
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC, NCC, Coach
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
Are you tired of the Inner Critic bullying you and finding fault in you and everyone and everything around you? Does your Inner Critic hijack your energy and happiness, and keep you stuck in feeling miserable, fearful, and inadequate? The Inner Critic does not want you to love your life, let alone yourself, but I do. I want you to step into your natural state of love, power, and confidence. If you are ready to kickout the Big Critic and the habit of worry, fear, and paralyzing 'what if' insecurities, then give me a call to schedule a session. I want to help you love your life and liberate yourself from the big bully, your Critic.
Are you tired of the Inner Critic bullying you and finding fault in you and everyone and everything around you? Does your Inner Critic hijack your energy and happiness, and keep you stuck in feeling miserable, fearful, and inadequate? The Inner Critic does not want you to love your life, let alone yourself, but I do. I want you to step into your natural state of love, power, and confidence. If you are ready to kickout the Big Critic and the habit of worry, fear, and paralyzing 'what if' insecurities, then give me a call to schedule a session. I want to help you love your life and liberate yourself from the big bully, your Critic.
(480) 573-7881 View (480) 573-7881
Photo of Amy B Faust, Licensed Professional Counselor, MC/MFCT, LPC
Amy B Faust
Licensed Professional Counselor, MC/MFCT, LPC
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
What is trauma? In the more than 20 years that I've been working in the field of counseling, I've come to discover that though some trauma is obvious (physical abuse, sexual abuse, military experience, car accidents, etc) so much more is less obvious and really relevant to your experience. What one person might consider just a bump in the road, another might feel is an impossible obstacle to get over. Your trauma is relative to your experiences. Regardless, of whether you feel stuck, unable to "get over it", or just that you keep having problems that you can't get passed, it's worth it to get help.
What is trauma? In the more than 20 years that I've been working in the field of counseling, I've come to discover that though some trauma is obvious (physical abuse, sexual abuse, military experience, car accidents, etc) so much more is less obvious and really relevant to your experience. What one person might consider just a bump in the road, another might feel is an impossible obstacle to get over. Your trauma is relative to your experiences. Regardless, of whether you feel stuck, unable to "get over it", or just that you keep having problems that you can't get passed, it's worth it to get help.
(480) 386-6307 View (480) 386-6307
1

See more therapy options for 85266

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in 85266

40+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in 85266 who prioritize treating:

95% Anxiety
85% Depression
78% Stress
70% Life Transitions
68% Relationship Issues
65% Grief
63% Family Conflict

Average years in practice

14 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

100% Aetna
86% Cigna and Evernorth
86% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in 85266 see their clients

55% In Person and Online
45% Online Only

Gender breakdown

80% Female
20% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in 85266?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.