Photo of Beth Valdez, MEd, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Beth Valdez
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC
Verified Verified
Online Only
I firmly believe in the power of positive change and in each individual's inherent capacity for healing and transformation. Whether you're facing challenges in relationships, struggling with setting boundaries, dealing with a harsh inner critic, or finding it difficult to relax, I am here to help. If you experience frequent triggers, trauma responses, anxiety, depression, or issues with self-worth, there is hope for growth and healing. Together, we can explore and address these patterns, helping you navigate and overcome obstacles on your path to a more fulfilling life. Start your therapy journey today.
I firmly believe in the power of positive change and in each individual's inherent capacity for healing and transformation. Whether you're facing challenges in relationships, struggling with setting boundaries, dealing with a harsh inner critic, or finding it difficult to relax, I am here to help. If you experience frequent triggers, trauma responses, anxiety, depression, or issues with self-worth, there is hope for growth and healing. Together, we can explore and address these patterns, helping you navigate and overcome obstacles on your path to a more fulfilling life. Start your therapy journey today.
(602) 780-0538 View (602) 780-0538
Photo of Gabrielle Lawrence Phd, PhD, MA, RPT-S, Psychologist
Gabrielle Lawrence Phd
Psychologist, PhD, MA, RPT-S
Verified Verified
Scottsdale, AZ 85258
I am an attachment based psychologist. I specialize in traumatic loss, marriage and family, bereavement, Play therapy, Parenting coaching, EMDR, and Somatic Experiencing, child, adolescents, and adult and relationship therapy. I am a solution-focused, brief therapist. The client sets the goals and we work collaboratively, using the skills and strategies mentioned above to achieve his or her goals. I try to create a warm, caring, safe relationship in which my client can discover his or her answers within.
I am an attachment based psychologist. I specialize in traumatic loss, marriage and family, bereavement, Play therapy, Parenting coaching, EMDR, and Somatic Experiencing, child, adolescents, and adult and relationship therapy. I am a solution-focused, brief therapist. The client sets the goals and we work collaboratively, using the skills and strategies mentioned above to achieve his or her goals. I try to create a warm, caring, safe relationship in which my client can discover his or her answers within.
(480) 382-7963 View (480) 382-7963
Photo of Randi Rotwein, MA, LMFT, license, AZ & CA, Marriage & Family Therapist
Randi Rotwein
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, license, AZ & CA
Verified Verified
Online Only
Are you feeling stuck in some aspect of your life, and can't figure out how to change things for the better? My professionaI guidance may help you find the answers needed to attain the life you want. Are you are struggling with issues such as Anxiety, Grief/Loss, or you are feeling stressed from work and everyday life?.. Or, perhaps you are struggling with your health, can’t motivate yourself to get healthy, lose weight, set goals and achieve them.? Or are you struggling with your current relationship(s)?Then LET'S TALK. I have 28+ years of experience and I am passionate about helping people find healing and happiness . .
Are you feeling stuck in some aspect of your life, and can't figure out how to change things for the better? My professionaI guidance may help you find the answers needed to attain the life you want. Are you are struggling with issues such as Anxiety, Grief/Loss, or you are feeling stressed from work and everyday life?.. Or, perhaps you are struggling with your health, can’t motivate yourself to get healthy, lose weight, set goals and achieve them.? Or are you struggling with your current relationship(s)?Then LET'S TALK. I have 28+ years of experience and I am passionate about helping people find healing and happiness . .
(520) 462-3166 View (520) 462-3166
Photo of Sheila Shervey, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Sheila Shervey
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Scottsdale, AZ 85258
I specialize in women's mental health and use a holistic approach to help women heal and restore balance through therapy, meditation and holistic wellness experiences. Maybe You may feel like you are falling a part when it seems like everyone around is doing fine. You want relief from the constant overthinking and feeling of overwhelm. You want to feel whole, centered and connected to yourself and those you love.
I specialize in women's mental health and use a holistic approach to help women heal and restore balance through therapy, meditation and holistic wellness experiences. Maybe You may feel like you are falling a part when it seems like everyone around is doing fine. You want relief from the constant overthinking and feeling of overwhelm. You want to feel whole, centered and connected to yourself and those you love.
(818) 585-2760 View (818) 585-2760
Photo of Catherine Jordeth, MS, Marriage & Family Therapist
Catherine Jordeth
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS
Verified Verified
Scottsdale, AZ 85258
Everyone has the ability within themselves to heal and to grow. My goal as a therapist is to help each individual realize their own innate healing potential. Once this realization occurs, the possibilities become limitless. My areas of specialization include helping others resolve social phobias, general stress and anxiety, depression, traumas, and relationship concerns. I work with many who are going through transitions. I see college age students who are adjusting to living on their own. There are others who are going through a divorce or have completed the process who call.
Everyone has the ability within themselves to heal and to grow. My goal as a therapist is to help each individual realize their own innate healing potential. Once this realization occurs, the possibilities become limitless. My areas of specialization include helping others resolve social phobias, general stress and anxiety, depression, traumas, and relationship concerns. I work with many who are going through transitions. I see college age students who are adjusting to living on their own. There are others who are going through a divorce or have completed the process who call.
(480) 808-8928 View (480) 808-8928
Photo of Karl Kleppe, LAC, Counselor
Karl Kleppe
Counselor, LAC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Scottsdale, AZ 85258
My ideal client may be an adult, young adult, teen, or preteen grappling with anxiety, depression, grief, or behavioral issues. They seek a compassionate guide to help them navigate their feelings and experiences. Their goals include finding relief from emotional distress, developing healthy coping mechanisms, and achieving personal growth. They want to feel understood and empowered to make meaningful changes in their lives.
My ideal client may be an adult, young adult, teen, or preteen grappling with anxiety, depression, grief, or behavioral issues. They seek a compassionate guide to help them navigate their feelings and experiences. Their goals include finding relief from emotional distress, developing healthy coping mechanisms, and achieving personal growth. They want to feel understood and empowered to make meaningful changes in their lives.
(520) 412-5231 View (520) 412-5231
Photo of Jessica Hubbell, LAC, MC, Pre-Licensed Professional
Jessica Hubbell
Pre-Licensed Professional, LAC, MC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Scottsdale, AZ 85258
Positive change is possible. I specialize in working with children, teenagers, and adults who are on a journey of self-discovery. Together, we will focus on helping you feel stronger and more empowered using positive and strength-based techniques, such as motivational counseling, acceptance and commitment therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, and educational mental health. My counseling style is rooted in educating you about neuroplasticity while creating healthy changes based on the belief that we are all wired for connection within ourselves and to others.
Positive change is possible. I specialize in working with children, teenagers, and adults who are on a journey of self-discovery. Together, we will focus on helping you feel stronger and more empowered using positive and strength-based techniques, such as motivational counseling, acceptance and commitment therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, and educational mental health. My counseling style is rooted in educating you about neuroplasticity while creating healthy changes based on the belief that we are all wired for connection within ourselves and to others.
(480) 630-6354 View (480) 630-6354
Photo of Gregory Custer, MS, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Gregory Custer
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Scottsdale, AZ 85258
That saying, "What doesn't kill me makes me stronger" -- I think it should be "What doesn't kill me makes me suffer." So many people feel unheard, disconnected, tired, worthless, fearful, sad, anxious and forgettable. They need the skills to nurture their resilience, to discern their incredible value. There's a loneliness in struggling. But I'm here to help you heal yourself with a new, creative perspective and find resources you didn't know you possessed.
That saying, "What doesn't kill me makes me stronger" -- I think it should be "What doesn't kill me makes me suffer." So many people feel unheard, disconnected, tired, worthless, fearful, sad, anxious and forgettable. They need the skills to nurture their resilience, to discern their incredible value. There's a loneliness in struggling. But I'm here to help you heal yourself with a new, creative perspective and find resources you didn't know you possessed.
(480) 848-4037 View (480) 848-4037
Photo of John Santacrose, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
John Santacrose
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Online Only
We have all faced adversity, distress, anxiety or depression and during these times we can feel overwhelmed and alone. My clients often remind it takes just one courageous step to create meaningful change. I believe that this is the time that we should reach out for assistance and look for answers to deal with these challenges. I encourage you to take that first step. I meet my clients where they are in the moment and help them manage their feelings and thoughts and provide overall emotional support.
We have all faced adversity, distress, anxiety or depression and during these times we can feel overwhelmed and alone. My clients often remind it takes just one courageous step to create meaningful change. I believe that this is the time that we should reach out for assistance and look for answers to deal with these challenges. I encourage you to take that first step. I meet my clients where they are in the moment and help them manage their feelings and thoughts and provide overall emotional support.
(480) 568-4488 x1 View (480) 568-4488 x1
Photo of Heidi Hill - Heidi Hill LPC, White Stag Wellness, MSc, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Heidi Hill LPC, White Stag Wellness
Licensed Professional Counselor, MSc, LPC
Verified Verified
Online Only
Welcome, I am so glad you are here! Are you committed to your wellness and ready for change? You may find yourself seeking peace from past experiences, empowerment and skill through stress management, work-life balance, or more clarity around what meaning and purpose looks like. Sessions will feel safe, empowering, valuable, and purposeful. You are being called to connect with your highest and fulfilled self. I would be honored to learn about how I can partner with you on your journey. Sincerely, Heidi
Welcome, I am so glad you are here! Are you committed to your wellness and ready for change? You may find yourself seeking peace from past experiences, empowerment and skill through stress management, work-life balance, or more clarity around what meaning and purpose looks like. Sessions will feel safe, empowering, valuable, and purposeful. You are being called to connect with your highest and fulfilled self. I would be honored to learn about how I can partner with you on your journey. Sincerely, Heidi
(480) 712-8538 View (480) 712-8538
Photo of Kelly Ontiveros, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Kelly Ontiveros
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Scottsdale, AZ 85258
As a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist, I understand the importance of creating a safe and non-judgmental space for you to find your best self. I specialize in treating issues in marital connection and intimacy, affair recovery, trauma, anxiety, depression, grief and loss. After completing my master's work, I gained extensive training in psychodynamic therapy, which addresses family of origin issues, wounding messages from childhood, and attachment styles expressed in relationships.
As a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist, I understand the importance of creating a safe and non-judgmental space for you to find your best self. I specialize in treating issues in marital connection and intimacy, affair recovery, trauma, anxiety, depression, grief and loss. After completing my master's work, I gained extensive training in psychodynamic therapy, which addresses family of origin issues, wounding messages from childhood, and attachment styles expressed in relationships.
(602) 544-6044 View (602) 544-6044
Photo of Cindy Dean, MS, LAC, Counselor
Cindy Dean
Counselor, MS, LAC
Verified Verified
Scottsdale, AZ 85258
Hello! I became a counselor to be able to help others have a safe space to share their mental health journey. I have experience in eating disorder care as well as work with trauma history, depression, and anxiety. I enjoy working with a diverse client base and believe in adjusting clinical theories and practices to each specific need.
Hello! I became a counselor to be able to help others have a safe space to share their mental health journey. I have experience in eating disorder care as well as work with trauma history, depression, and anxiety. I enjoy working with a diverse client base and believe in adjusting clinical theories and practices to each specific need.
(480) 535-6803 View (480) 535-6803
Photo of Tommy Montanarella, MC, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Tommy Montanarella
Licensed Professional Counselor, MC, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Scottsdale, AZ 85258
I am seasoned Licensed Counselor with experience in individual and group therapy, working with clients within the Birth-5, Child & Family, Adolescent, Adult, & Senior populations. I understand and value that each client I meet with has their own story, culture, traditions and background, so our work together will be tailored to fit your or your family's needs. I have spent many years working hard to make a difference within our community's mental health, so I thank you for taking the time to explore what I have to offer and I hope to hear from you so that we may make your personalized experience a special and successful one.
I am seasoned Licensed Counselor with experience in individual and group therapy, working with clients within the Birth-5, Child & Family, Adolescent, Adult, & Senior populations. I understand and value that each client I meet with has their own story, culture, traditions and background, so our work together will be tailored to fit your or your family's needs. I have spent many years working hard to make a difference within our community's mental health, so I thank you for taking the time to explore what I have to offer and I hope to hear from you so that we may make your personalized experience a special and successful one.
(480) 378-3045 View (480) 378-3045
Photo of Morgan Snyder, LMSW
Morgan Snyder
Licensed Master Social Worker, LMSW
Verified Verified
Scottsdale, AZ 85258
Life is a journey; you don’t have to go through it alone! Hi- I am Morgan Snyder, LMSW. Whether you are struggling with a certain life event, feeling lost at the moment or simply looking to develop new coping skills, I provide a space where my clients can feel seen and heard. I believe our best self lies within healthy habits focusing on mental and physical wellbeing using a holistic approach. I utilize evidence-based therapy with various modalities. I work in a collaborative approach with my clients as I believe you are the expert of your life.
Life is a journey; you don’t have to go through it alone! Hi- I am Morgan Snyder, LMSW. Whether you are struggling with a certain life event, feeling lost at the moment or simply looking to develop new coping skills, I provide a space where my clients can feel seen and heard. I believe our best self lies within healthy habits focusing on mental and physical wellbeing using a holistic approach. I utilize evidence-based therapy with various modalities. I work in a collaborative approach with my clients as I believe you are the expert of your life.
(520) 379-7161 View (520) 379-7161
Photo of Carolyn Dolejs, MA, LPC, NCC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Carolyn Dolejs
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
9 Endorsed
Scottsdale, AZ 85258
Hi, I'm Carolyn! My passion involves working with clients struggling with depression, anxiety, suicidal ideation, self-harm, conflict resolution, adjusting to life transitions, and interpersonal issues. Life is complex, just as people are! I view therapy as a collaborative process where clients can learn skills to manage emotions, build healthy relationships, increase self-worth/self-esteem, and create a sense of meaning and purpose in life. I have extensive experience working with the adolescent & adult population and have specified training in DBT (Dialectical Behavior Therapy).
Hi, I'm Carolyn! My passion involves working with clients struggling with depression, anxiety, suicidal ideation, self-harm, conflict resolution, adjusting to life transitions, and interpersonal issues. Life is complex, just as people are! I view therapy as a collaborative process where clients can learn skills to manage emotions, build healthy relationships, increase self-worth/self-esteem, and create a sense of meaning and purpose in life. I have extensive experience working with the adolescent & adult population and have specified training in DBT (Dialectical Behavior Therapy).
(928) 605-4173 View (928) 605-4173
Photo of Kendra Anderson, LPC, NCC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Kendra Anderson
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Scottsdale, AZ 85258
Reaching out for help is never easy. This may have been something on your mind for awhile or you may have recently experienced a life changing event. In any case, it is a privilege to have you here. My goal is for you to achieve a more fulfilling life - maybe that means one with less anxiety and depression. Perhaps it’s a deeper connection with friends and family. Other times it’s breaking free from past trauma, toxic relationships and dysfunctional patterns that prevent you from moving forward. Together, we will determine how to best reach those goals using your own personal strengths, comfortable level and at your own pace.
Reaching out for help is never easy. This may have been something on your mind for awhile or you may have recently experienced a life changing event. In any case, it is a privilege to have you here. My goal is for you to achieve a more fulfilling life - maybe that means one with less anxiety and depression. Perhaps it’s a deeper connection with friends and family. Other times it’s breaking free from past trauma, toxic relationships and dysfunctional patterns that prevent you from moving forward. Together, we will determine how to best reach those goals using your own personal strengths, comfortable level and at your own pace.
(520) 602-8101 View (520) 602-8101
Photo of Kayla Kuykendall, LAC, MS, MEd, Counselor
Kayla Kuykendall
Counselor, LAC, MS, MEd
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Scottsdale, AZ 85258
I work with individuals, couples, and facilitate workshops on sexual health and sex related challenges. Are you dealing with sexual or emotional concerns, perhaps about sexual shame, trauma, relationship conflicts, or identity conflicts? I assist my clients utilizing a therapeutic style that is affirming, sex positive, and empathetic to people of all backgrounds. I help individuals discover their erotic blueprints, explore their fantasies, and incorporate their authentic erotic selves into their relationships. I can also help you by providing treatment of sexual dysfunctions, loss of desire, painful sex, and problems with arousal.
I work with individuals, couples, and facilitate workshops on sexual health and sex related challenges. Are you dealing with sexual or emotional concerns, perhaps about sexual shame, trauma, relationship conflicts, or identity conflicts? I assist my clients utilizing a therapeutic style that is affirming, sex positive, and empathetic to people of all backgrounds. I help individuals discover their erotic blueprints, explore their fantasies, and incorporate their authentic erotic selves into their relationships. I can also help you by providing treatment of sexual dysfunctions, loss of desire, painful sex, and problems with arousal.
(602) 786-7531 View (602) 786-7531
Photo of Nancy Hagopian, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Nancy Hagopian
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Scottsdale, AZ 85258
You know that life can be challenging. You may be dealing with work or school issues, parenting, marital discord or divorce, family conflicts, retirement, emotional/physical abuse, concerns over world events or shouldering the aftermath of a painful past or trauma that continues to haunt you. Such experiences can leave you feeling stuck in negative ways of thinking and feeling about yourself, the world and other people and lead to ineffective ways of coping and ultimately prevent you from living a happy and productive life.
You know that life can be challenging. You may be dealing with work or school issues, parenting, marital discord or divorce, family conflicts, retirement, emotional/physical abuse, concerns over world events or shouldering the aftermath of a painful past or trauma that continues to haunt you. Such experiences can leave you feeling stuck in negative ways of thinking and feeling about yourself, the world and other people and lead to ineffective ways of coping and ultimately prevent you from living a happy and productive life.
(480) 780-1823 View (480) 780-1823
Photo of Katherine Kuhlman - Kuhlman Psychology & Consulting, PsyD, ABPP, Psychologist
Kuhlman Psychology & Consulting
Psychologist, PsyD, ABPP
Verified Verified
Scottsdale, AZ 85258
High-stress occupations, like law enforcement, firefighters and EMTs, have unique troubles. Do you feel like no one really "gets" your job? Our practice, led by a board-certified police and public safety psychologist, specializes in the treatment of first responders and public safety professionals. We are here to help you navigate relationships, your job, trauma, and more. We have experience in the treatment of trauma (including line of duty death, suicide, and shootings), anxiety, depression, and more.
High-stress occupations, like law enforcement, firefighters and EMTs, have unique troubles. Do you feel like no one really "gets" your job? Our practice, led by a board-certified police and public safety psychologist, specializes in the treatment of first responders and public safety professionals. We are here to help you navigate relationships, your job, trauma, and more. We have experience in the treatment of trauma (including line of duty death, suicide, and shootings), anxiety, depression, and more.
(480) 800-8487 View (480) 800-8487
Photo of Abby Hauer, MC, LPC, Counselor
Abby Hauer
Counselor, MC, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Scottsdale, AZ 85258
Are you struggling with racing thoughts and staying in the present moment? Do you feel guilty when you put yourself first or try to set a boundary? Do you find yourself having intrusive thoughts that create distress and confusion? I am a determined and curious clinician who offers compassion and empathy in each session. I can help you learn to stay in the present moment, create understanding with your emotions and thoughts, and recognize that putting yourself first is not selfish. I have found success in helping clients learn how to tolerate discomfort and hold it with acceptance and compassion for a better quality of life.
Are you struggling with racing thoughts and staying in the present moment? Do you feel guilty when you put yourself first or try to set a boundary? Do you find yourself having intrusive thoughts that create distress and confusion? I am a determined and curious clinician who offers compassion and empathy in each session. I can help you learn to stay in the present moment, create understanding with your emotions and thoughts, and recognize that putting yourself first is not selfish. I have found success in helping clients learn how to tolerate discomfort and hold it with acceptance and compassion for a better quality of life.
(520) 779-5519 View (520) 779-5519
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How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in 85258

300+

Average cost per session

$160

Therapists in 85258 who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
90% Depression
77% Self Esteem
76% Relationship Issues
71% Trauma and PTSD
69% Coping Skills
66% Stress

Average years in practice

13 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

89% Aetna
66% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
65% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in 85258 see their clients

76% In Person and Online
24% Online Only

Gender breakdown

85% Female
15% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in 85258?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.