Photo of Kaitlyn Elizabeth Merwin - Stones Throw Counseling, MSW, LSW, Pre-Licensed Professional
Stones Throw Counseling
Pre-Licensed Professional, MSW, LSW
Verified Verified
Warren, OH 44484  (Online Only)
Hi! My name is Kaitlyn and I am a Licensed Social Worker who earned a Bachelor and Master's degree of Social Work from Youngstown State University, where I was a collegiate Track and Field athlete. I hold a deep passion for mental health, with the belief that healing is not a destination, but a journey. Through empathetic listening and evidence-based practices, I create a safe space where clients can explore their thoughts and emotions without judgment. My dedication and approach empowers clients to embrace their strengths, navigate life’s challenges, and provide themselves with understanding as they make this journey.
Hi! My name is Kaitlyn and I am a Licensed Social Worker who earned a Bachelor and Master's degree of Social Work from Youngstown State University, where I was a collegiate Track and Field athlete. I hold a deep passion for mental health, with the belief that healing is not a destination, but a journey. Through empathetic listening and evidence-based practices, I create a safe space where clients can explore their thoughts and emotions without judgment. My dedication and approach empowers clients to embrace their strengths, navigate life’s challenges, and provide themselves with understanding as they make this journey.
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Photo of Joshua Pontius, LPCC-S, Counselor
Joshua Pontius
Counselor, LPCC-S
Verified Verified
Warren, OH 44484
One of my greatest joys is to help you navigate challenges that prevent you from living life to its fullest. I genuinely enjoy building healthy relationships in order to overcome some of life's most difficult issues. I strive to develop and sustain a confidential and safe environment where you feel comfortable dealing with intense emotions. I believe there are no issues too small, and no emotions too large that would discourage me from jumping into the trenches to help you sort out all that you may be wrestling with.
One of my greatest joys is to help you navigate challenges that prevent you from living life to its fullest. I genuinely enjoy building healthy relationships in order to overcome some of life's most difficult issues. I strive to develop and sustain a confidential and safe environment where you feel comfortable dealing with intense emotions. I believe there are no issues too small, and no emotions too large that would discourage me from jumping into the trenches to help you sort out all that you may be wrestling with.
(330) 944-3763 View (330) 944-3763
Photo of Dr. Kelsey Shelton, PsyD, Psychologist
Dr. Kelsey Shelton
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Warren, OH 44484
Dr. Kelsey Shelton is a licensed clinical psychologist in the state of Ohio. She graduated with a Bachelor of Arts degree in Psychology from the University of Louisville and went on to obtain her Doctorate of Psychology in Clinical Psychology from the Illinois School of Professional Psychology in Chicago, Illinois. Dr. Shelton provides a therapeutic environment that is calm and nonjudgmental, while still challenging patients to face discomfort and create meaningful change in their lives. She believes that each person is an expert of themselves and tends to engage patients in a collaborative process.
Dr. Kelsey Shelton is a licensed clinical psychologist in the state of Ohio. She graduated with a Bachelor of Arts degree in Psychology from the University of Louisville and went on to obtain her Doctorate of Psychology in Clinical Psychology from the Illinois School of Professional Psychology in Chicago, Illinois. Dr. Shelton provides a therapeutic environment that is calm and nonjudgmental, while still challenging patients to face discomfort and create meaningful change in their lives. She believes that each person is an expert of themselves and tends to engage patients in a collaborative process.
(330) 537-1381 View (330) 537-1381
Photo of Jessica Purfey, MSW, LISW-S, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Jessica Purfey
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LISW-S
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Warren, OH 44484  (Online Only)
Book with me now by clicking on my website! Hi! I’m so happy you’re here! Whether you're feeling overwhelmed, stressed, anxious, sad, navigating difficult life transitions or having relationship problems, my goal is to assist you in building resilience, enhancing your self awareness, and helping you get to a happier, healthier place in your life. I aim to create a safe & non-judgmental space for you to express your thoughts and feelings. We will navigate challenges, identify patterns, and develop healthy strategies to foster positive change in your life!
Book with me now by clicking on my website! Hi! I’m so happy you’re here! Whether you're feeling overwhelmed, stressed, anxious, sad, navigating difficult life transitions or having relationship problems, my goal is to assist you in building resilience, enhancing your self awareness, and helping you get to a happier, healthier place in your life. I aim to create a safe & non-judgmental space for you to express your thoughts and feelings. We will navigate challenges, identify patterns, and develop healthy strategies to foster positive change in your life!
(330) 862-9960 View (330) 862-9960
Photo of Shannon L Rozycki, MSEd, LPCC-S, Counselor
Shannon L Rozycki
Counselor, MSEd, LPCC-S
Verified Verified
Warren, OH 44484
Shannon Rozycki is a Supervising Liscensed Professional Counselor. She specializes in the treatment of trauma and the use of EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing). She has experience treating phobias, depression, anxiety, self-esteem issues, among others. In addition to private practice, Shannon worked in community mental health providing outpatient treatment to children/adults and as well as providing treatment to children with a history of trauma in a residential setting. She enjoys working with the ride range of populations. She creates a warm and accepting environment which fosters openness and honesty.
Shannon Rozycki is a Supervising Liscensed Professional Counselor. She specializes in the treatment of trauma and the use of EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing). She has experience treating phobias, depression, anxiety, self-esteem issues, among others. In addition to private practice, Shannon worked in community mental health providing outpatient treatment to children/adults and as well as providing treatment to children with a history of trauma in a residential setting. She enjoys working with the ride range of populations. She creates a warm and accepting environment which fosters openness and honesty.
(330) 846-5409 View (330) 846-5409
Photo of Eddie White, LPCC, Counselor
Eddie White
Counselor, LPCC
Verified Verified
Warren, OH 44484
Feeling worn out, unmotivated, anxious, or just not yourself? You’ve come to the right place. My goal in therapy is to sit with you in a safe, supportive environment and take the needed time to get to the root of your problem and help begin the process of you living to your full potential. I operate from a Cognitive Behavioral (CBT) approach and also enjoy other modalities such as Person- Centered and Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT).
Feeling worn out, unmotivated, anxious, or just not yourself? You’ve come to the right place. My goal in therapy is to sit with you in a safe, supportive environment and take the needed time to get to the root of your problem and help begin the process of you living to your full potential. I operate from a Cognitive Behavioral (CBT) approach and also enjoy other modalities such as Person- Centered and Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT).
(330) 756-7657 View (330) 756-7657
Photo of Beth Layman, LICDC, LSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Beth Layman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICDC, LSW
Verified Verified
Warren, OH 44484
Do you feel stuck, like you're spinning your wheels and cannot gain traction? I've been there myself, and have helped many people gain the motivation they need to take the first step toward healing, while taking positive action towards health and wellness. I have been working in mental health/substance abuse treatment in a variety of settings such as detox, residential, IOP, sober living, MAT, individual counseling, criminal justice and psychiatric in-patient and outpatient centers also. I have 24 years' experience in dual diagnosis.
Do you feel stuck, like you're spinning your wheels and cannot gain traction? I've been there myself, and have helped many people gain the motivation they need to take the first step toward healing, while taking positive action towards health and wellness. I have been working in mental health/substance abuse treatment in a variety of settings such as detox, residential, IOP, sober living, MAT, individual counseling, criminal justice and psychiatric in-patient and outpatient centers also. I have 24 years' experience in dual diagnosis.
(330) 403-8889 View (330) 403-8889
Photo of Thomas Dewey, LPCC-S, Licensed Professional Counselor
Thomas Dewey
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPCC-S
Verified Verified
Warren, OH 44484
I work with individuals, couples, and families, helping them to navigate challenges that hinder the experience of the beauty and joy of life. I look to build healthy and trustworthy relationships with clients in order to tackle some of life's most difficult issues. In a confidential and safe environment, I address areas of addiction, anxiety and depression, trauma, PTSD, marital/premarital counseling, etc. I am able to address minor and major problems that are impeding you from experiencing your full potential.
I work with individuals, couples, and families, helping them to navigate challenges that hinder the experience of the beauty and joy of life. I look to build healthy and trustworthy relationships with clients in order to tackle some of life's most difficult issues. In a confidential and safe environment, I address areas of addiction, anxiety and depression, trauma, PTSD, marital/premarital counseling, etc. I am able to address minor and major problems that are impeding you from experiencing your full potential.
(234) 294-1645 View (234) 294-1645
Photo of Christine Toporcer, LPCC, CCTP, EMDR, Counselor
Christine Toporcer
Counselor, LPCC, CCTP, EMDR
Verified Verified
Warren, OH 44484  (Online Only)
Welcome! I’m Christine, a dedicated and compassionate licensed therapist specializing in trauma-focused treatment for individuals aged 18 to 65. With over 10 years of experience in the field of mental health, I am committed to helping my clients heal from the impacts of trauma and reclaim their lives with renewed hope and resilience. In our work together, you can expect a safe, non-judgmental, and empathetic space where your experiences are validated, and your strengths are recognized. Through our collaborative efforts, we will develop strategies to help you manage symptoms, build resilience, and move forward with confidence.
Welcome! I’m Christine, a dedicated and compassionate licensed therapist specializing in trauma-focused treatment for individuals aged 18 to 65. With over 10 years of experience in the field of mental health, I am committed to helping my clients heal from the impacts of trauma and reclaim their lives with renewed hope and resilience. In our work together, you can expect a safe, non-judgmental, and empathetic space where your experiences are validated, and your strengths are recognized. Through our collaborative efforts, we will develop strategies to help you manage symptoms, build resilience, and move forward with confidence.
(330) 846-5663 View (330) 846-5663
Photo of Hannah Day, MSW, LSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Hannah Day
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Warren, OH 44484
Ever feel like everyone has a story to their lives, and wants to tell the stories of your life? How did you get to be who you are? Want to work through anxiety, depression, PTSD, grief, substance use disorders and other difficulties? Well, you have clicked on the right person. My name is Hannah Day MSW, LSW and I work with adults and adolescents at Open Water Counseling and Recovery.
Ever feel like everyone has a story to their lives, and wants to tell the stories of your life? How did you get to be who you are? Want to work through anxiety, depression, PTSD, grief, substance use disorders and other difficulties? Well, you have clicked on the right person. My name is Hannah Day MSW, LSW and I work with adults and adolescents at Open Water Counseling and Recovery.
(234) 204-4330 View (234) 204-4330
Photo of Kayla Shaffer, MS Ed, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Kayla Shaffer
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS Ed, LPC
Verified Verified
Warren, OH 44484
As a Licensed Professional Counselor, I believe in creating a strong, healthy relationship with each individual to ensure the client feels they’re in a safe environment when discussing life’s difficulties. I aim to meet individuals where they’re at to ensure a collaborative approach. During sessions, I support individuals with self-exploration to facilitate growth and achieve their desired goals.
As a Licensed Professional Counselor, I believe in creating a strong, healthy relationship with each individual to ensure the client feels they’re in a safe environment when discussing life’s difficulties. I aim to meet individuals where they’re at to ensure a collaborative approach. During sessions, I support individuals with self-exploration to facilitate growth and achieve their desired goals.
(234) 405-3451 View (234) 405-3451
Photo of Justin Shelton, PsyD, Psychologist
Justin Shelton
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Warren, OH 44484
Dr. Shelton is a clinical psychologist, born and raised in the Mahoning Valley. He has experience working in a variety of settings, including community mental health, behavioral schools, college counseling, outpatient clinics, inpatient hospitals and corrections. He enjoys working with a wide range of patient populations of all ages and demographics, providing individual, family, and couples psychotherapy. Over the course of his career, Dr. Shelton has worked with patients struggling with a multitude of concerns, including anxiety, depression, identity concerns, behavioral problems, schizophrenia, personality disorders and more.
Dr. Shelton is a clinical psychologist, born and raised in the Mahoning Valley. He has experience working in a variety of settings, including community mental health, behavioral schools, college counseling, outpatient clinics, inpatient hospitals and corrections. He enjoys working with a wide range of patient populations of all ages and demographics, providing individual, family, and couples psychotherapy. Over the course of his career, Dr. Shelton has worked with patients struggling with a multitude of concerns, including anxiety, depression, identity concerns, behavioral problems, schizophrenia, personality disorders and more.
(330) 654-6495 View (330) 654-6495
Photo of Michele Hawn, MA, PCC-S, NCC, CDCA, Counselor
Michele Hawn
Counselor, MA, PCC-S, NCC, CDCA
Verified Verified
Warren, OH 44484
I believe everyone has the power to change but may not know how to do so. A person may think that just because they've been doing things "all their life" doesn't mean that it's for the rest of their life. I have over ten years experience helping kids,families and adults change behaviors/patterns that cause them problems in their lives. I treat depression, anxiety, trauma, addiction/alcoholism, divorce, relationship issues, panic, phobias, chronic pain, self esteem, bullying, ADHD, OCD, behavior problems, parenting issues, bipolar, anger issues, autism, aspbergers and personality disorders.
I believe everyone has the power to change but may not know how to do so. A person may think that just because they've been doing things "all their life" doesn't mean that it's for the rest of their life. I have over ten years experience helping kids,families and adults change behaviors/patterns that cause them problems in their lives. I treat depression, anxiety, trauma, addiction/alcoholism, divorce, relationship issues, panic, phobias, chronic pain, self esteem, bullying, ADHD, OCD, behavior problems, parenting issues, bipolar, anger issues, autism, aspbergers and personality disorders.
(330) 470-0382 View (330) 470-0382
Photo of Dr. Stephanie A Moore, PhD, LPCC-S, Counselor
Dr. Stephanie A Moore
Counselor, PhD, LPCC-S
Verified Verified
Warren, OH 44484  (Online Only)
Hello! My name is Stephanie, and I know how difficult change and growth can be! I enjoy working with clients who recognize there are changes they wish to make in their lives but perhaps they are a bit nervous about how and when to make those changes. My approach to counseling includes helping you determine what changes you are wanting to see, what you're already doing well, and building on the areas that could use support. The best way to reach out is via email where you can tell me a bit about what support you need.
Hello! My name is Stephanie, and I know how difficult change and growth can be! I enjoy working with clients who recognize there are changes they wish to make in their lives but perhaps they are a bit nervous about how and when to make those changes. My approach to counseling includes helping you determine what changes you are wanting to see, what you're already doing well, and building on the areas that could use support. The best way to reach out is via email where you can tell me a bit about what support you need.
(330) 427-4244 View (330) 427-4244
Photo of Hailie Durst, MSEd, Licensed Professional Counselor
Hailie Durst
Licensed Professional Counselor, MSEd
Verified Verified
Warren, OH 44484
I am dedicated to providing compassionate and effective therapy to individuals of all ages. With a deep commitment to promoting mental wellness and holistic healing, I strive to create a warm and supportive environment where individuals can explore their challenges, discover their strengths, and cultivate positive change. My role in healing is to provide guidance and reflection from an outsider’s point of view on each patient’s unique situations and experiences.
I am dedicated to providing compassionate and effective therapy to individuals of all ages. With a deep commitment to promoting mental wellness and holistic healing, I strive to create a warm and supportive environment where individuals can explore their challenges, discover their strengths, and cultivate positive change. My role in healing is to provide guidance and reflection from an outsider’s point of view on each patient’s unique situations and experiences.
(330) 892-9118 View (330) 892-9118
Photo of Joseph A Humphries, MSEd, NCC, LSW, LPCC, Counselor
Joseph A Humphries
Counselor, MSEd, NCC, LSW, LPCC
Verified Verified
Warren, OH 44484
My name is Joe Humphries. I am an LPCC and have been practicing in the Youngstown area for the past 18 years. I work with all ages and can help you address problems with depression, anxiety, relationship issues, adjustment problems, and grief. Other areas of focus in my practice include: Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, parenting skills training, anger management, behavior management, and Attention Deficit Disorder.
My name is Joe Humphries. I am an LPCC and have been practicing in the Youngstown area for the past 18 years. I work with all ages and can help you address problems with depression, anxiety, relationship issues, adjustment problems, and grief. Other areas of focus in my practice include: Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, parenting skills training, anger management, behavior management, and Attention Deficit Disorder.
(330) 680-5264 View (330) 680-5264
Photo of Keith Y. Burger, LISW, LPCC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Keith Y. Burger
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW, LPCC
Verified Verified
Warren, OH 44484
I believe problems can be solved. It takes work, the ability to be open to new ideas, the willingness to stand and face problems,the wisdom to share and to rely on someone other than yourself, to offer a different perspective. No one has all the answers all the time but working together, solutions can be found.
I believe problems can be solved. It takes work, the ability to be open to new ideas, the willingness to stand and face problems,the wisdom to share and to rely on someone other than yourself, to offer a different perspective. No one has all the answers all the time but working together, solutions can be found.
(330) 540-7451 View (330) 540-7451
Photo of Kimberly Edenfield Kuneli, MA, LPCC-S, CIMHP
Kimberly Edenfield Kuneli
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, MA, LPCC-S, CIMHP
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Warren, OH 44484
If you find yourself suffering from current or past emotional hurts or distress, or feel trapped by life transitions, frustrations, or relationship conflicts, know that there is hope! Together we can work to gain insight, develop coping strategies, and ultimately find healing. Whether you are struggling with depression, anxiety, trauma, or other difficulties, I am ready to come alongside you on your journey to support and encourage you as we search to find the answers. We will strive for your personal growth and well-being, building upon our therapeutic relationship, while focusing on your strengths. Consider the possibilities!
If you find yourself suffering from current or past emotional hurts or distress, or feel trapped by life transitions, frustrations, or relationship conflicts, know that there is hope! Together we can work to gain insight, develop coping strategies, and ultimately find healing. Whether you are struggling with depression, anxiety, trauma, or other difficulties, I am ready to come alongside you on your journey to support and encourage you as we search to find the answers. We will strive for your personal growth and well-being, building upon our therapeutic relationship, while focusing on your strengths. Consider the possibilities!
(330) 403-8141 View (330) 403-8141
Photo of Karissa Egnacheski, CT, LPC Intern
Karissa Egnacheski
LPC Intern, CT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Warren, OH 44484
I understand that reaching out for help can be difficult, but I want you to know that seeking counseling services is a brave and courageous step. Whether you are struggling with depression, anxiety, relationship issues, or any other mental health problem, I am here to listen, support, and guide you as you pursue your healing journey. I collaborate with clients ages seven and up who are struggling with a mental health concern or a phase of life challenge.
I understand that reaching out for help can be difficult, but I want you to know that seeking counseling services is a brave and courageous step. Whether you are struggling with depression, anxiety, relationship issues, or any other mental health problem, I am here to listen, support, and guide you as you pursue your healing journey. I collaborate with clients ages seven and up who are struggling with a mental health concern or a phase of life challenge.
(234) 386-4489 View (234) 386-4489
Photo of Daniel Patterson - Healing Fire Counseling , LPCC , Counselor
Healing Fire Counseling
Counselor, LPCC
Verified Verified
Warren, OH 44484
Healing Fire Counseling provides individual adult counseling either in-person in Niles, Ohio or virtual counseling for adults in the state of Ohio. I believe in providing a holistic approach to counseling. I am a reliable, caring and experienced Counselor, who specializes in working with individuals who are ready to be empowered and make positive life changes. I believe each of us deserves to live happy and have a beautiful life. Feel free to contact me with any questions and learn how to reach your full potential and RISE from the ASHES. Come meet our office pup, Lily, and read her journey of healing on our website.
Healing Fire Counseling provides individual adult counseling either in-person in Niles, Ohio or virtual counseling for adults in the state of Ohio. I believe in providing a holistic approach to counseling. I am a reliable, caring and experienced Counselor, who specializes in working with individuals who are ready to be empowered and make positive life changes. I believe each of us deserves to live happy and have a beautiful life. Feel free to contact me with any questions and learn how to reach your full potential and RISE from the ASHES. Come meet our office pup, Lily, and read her journey of healing on our website.
(330) 919-6077 View (330) 919-6077
1

See more therapy options for 44484

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in 44484

20+

Average cost per session

$141

Therapists in 44484 who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
84% Depression
80% Trauma and PTSD
68% Grief
68% Coping Skills
64% Relationship Issues
60% Bipolar Disorder

Average years in practice

8 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

100% BlueCross and BlueShield
100% Medical Mutual
96% Aetna

How Therapists in 44484 see their clients

76% In Person and Online
24% Online Only

Gender breakdown

71% Female
29% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in 44484?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.