Depression Therapists in 20016

Photo of Kirsten Chadwick, Psychologist in 20016, DC
Kirsten Chadwick
Psychologist, PhD, CGP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Washington, DC 20016
I specialize in working with depression, interpersonal relationships, parenting concerns, the motherhood transition, college transitions, loss and grief. I help clients think through strategies to enable them to better navigate transitions and the difficult circumstances they encounter. I also work with individuals to identify and interrupt patterns that are preventing them from succeeding, building and maintaining satisfying relationships and experiencing happiness. It is my experience that working hard in therapy, with honesty and openness, can lead to lower stress, better relationships and rewarding changes in your life.
I specialize in working with depression, interpersonal relationships, parenting concerns, the motherhood transition, college transitions, loss and grief. I help clients think through strategies to enable them to better navigate transitions and the difficult circumstances they encounter. I also work with individuals to identify and interrupt patterns that are preventing them from succeeding, building and maintaining satisfying relationships and experiencing happiness. It is my experience that working hard in therapy, with honesty and openness, can lead to lower stress, better relationships and rewarding changes in your life.
(202) 643-7901 View (202) 643-7901
Photo of Emily M. Bauman, Psychologist in 20016, DC
Emily M. Bauman
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Washington, DC 20016
Are you feeling anxious, depressed, or overwhelmed? Do you have trouble sleeping? Have you been through a traumatic experience or painful loss? Are you struggling to cope with stressful relationships? Then contact me today to move one step closer to feeling better tomorrow. I provide individual psychotherapy for anxiety, depression, relationship difficulties, adjustment concerns, perinatal/postpartum issues, and I specialize in treating PTSD and associated conditions. It takes courage to look inward, make changes, and begin to heal. Together we'll develop a personalized treatment plan to help you feel better and reach your goals.
Are you feeling anxious, depressed, or overwhelmed? Do you have trouble sleeping? Have you been through a traumatic experience or painful loss? Are you struggling to cope with stressful relationships? Then contact me today to move one step closer to feeling better tomorrow. I provide individual psychotherapy for anxiety, depression, relationship difficulties, adjustment concerns, perinatal/postpartum issues, and I specialize in treating PTSD and associated conditions. It takes courage to look inward, make changes, and begin to heal. Together we'll develop a personalized treatment plan to help you feel better and reach your goals.
(202) 540-0845 View (202) 540-0845
Photo of Emily Lipson, Licensed Professional Counselor in 20016, DC
Emily Lipson
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, ATR
Verified Verified
Washington, DC 20016
*Accepting new clients for in-person and virtual* I’m a Licensed Professional Counselor and a Registered Art Therapist providing individual therapy to children, adolescents, and adults experiencing anxiety, depression, relationship challenges, and trauma. The therapeutic relationship is one of the most essential aspects of my clinical work and I cater my approaches to each unique individual based on their strengths and needs. I am dedicated to creating a safe, genuine, and empathetic environment where my clients feel supported in their healing process and where we can work together to overcome obstacles.
*Accepting new clients for in-person and virtual* I’m a Licensed Professional Counselor and a Registered Art Therapist providing individual therapy to children, adolescents, and adults experiencing anxiety, depression, relationship challenges, and trauma. The therapeutic relationship is one of the most essential aspects of my clinical work and I cater my approaches to each unique individual based on their strengths and needs. I am dedicated to creating a safe, genuine, and empathetic environment where my clients feel supported in their healing process and where we can work together to overcome obstacles.
(202) 951-8330 View (202) 951-8330
Photo of Tyffany L Kidd, Licensed Professional Counselor in 20016, DC
Tyffany L Kidd
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
Washington, DC 20016  (Online Only)
Thank you for visiting my profile page on Psychology Today! It takes strength and courage for you to reach out for help. You took the first step. I am a Licensed Professional Counselor who is National Board Certified in Counseling. I provide a safe and supportive environment for you to explore challenges that are present in your life. You may be dealing with loneliness, inner-conflict, anxiety, depression, sadness, grief, anger, or other feelings that come along when dealing with life transitions and I can help you. Whatever the feelings are, I can help you with processing your emotions and guiding you through living a more authentic life. The therapeutic relationship is an opportunity for you to build the blocks you need to get through whatever problems you are encountering and envisioning and seeing hope that will help you live a more prosperous life.
Thank you for visiting my profile page on Psychology Today! It takes strength and courage for you to reach out for help. You took the first step. I am a Licensed Professional Counselor who is National Board Certified in Counseling. I provide a safe and supportive environment for you to explore challenges that are present in your life. You may be dealing with loneliness, inner-conflict, anxiety, depression, sadness, grief, anger, or other feelings that come along when dealing with life transitions and I can help you. Whatever the feelings are, I can help you with processing your emotions and guiding you through living a more authentic life. The therapeutic relationship is an opportunity for you to build the blocks you need to get through whatever problems you are encountering and envisioning and seeing hope that will help you live a more prosperous life.
(202) 902-9698 View (202) 902-9698
Photo of Gwen Enfield Pearl, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in 20016, DC
Gwen Enfield Pearl
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Washington, DC 20016
There are times when things are not going as well as we'd like in our family, social or work relationships, particularly post-Covid. You may feel alone, depressed, anxious, or have conflict or discomfort with those you care about. In my psychotherapy practice I help couples, individuals & families restore their sense of well being and connection. People learn how to be more present and intentional in accordance with their values. Partners learn to be safely available to each other through a dialogue process that teaches more effective listening, deeper understanding and empathy. In person and Telehealth meetings are offered.
There are times when things are not going as well as we'd like in our family, social or work relationships, particularly post-Covid. You may feel alone, depressed, anxious, or have conflict or discomfort with those you care about. In my psychotherapy practice I help couples, individuals & families restore their sense of well being and connection. People learn how to be more present and intentional in accordance with their values. Partners learn to be safely available to each other through a dialogue process that teaches more effective listening, deeper understanding and empathy. In person and Telehealth meetings are offered.
(202) 618-9869 View (202) 618-9869
Photo of Maja Guidry, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in 20016, DC
Maja Guidry
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LGSW
Verified Verified
Washington, DC 20016
I’m glad you've come to my page. Starting therapy is a brave first step to creating and maintaining change in your life. I am honored to work with clients in the process of overcoming current challenges, recovering from the past, or healing from trauma. I aim to provide a warm and safe space for the work we will do together. As a Licensed Graduate Social Worker, I offer individual and family sessions in my office in Tenleytown, DC or via telehealth. I specialize in working with clients who face anxiety and depression.
I’m glad you've come to my page. Starting therapy is a brave first step to creating and maintaining change in your life. I am honored to work with clients in the process of overcoming current challenges, recovering from the past, or healing from trauma. I aim to provide a warm and safe space for the work we will do together. As a Licensed Graduate Social Worker, I offer individual and family sessions in my office in Tenleytown, DC or via telehealth. I specialize in working with clients who face anxiety and depression.
(833) 853-0439 View (833) 853-0439
Photo of Leslie Cooper, Psychologist in 20016, DC
Leslie Cooper
Psychologist, PhD, ABPP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Washington, DC 20016  (Online Only)
The pandemic has challenged our connection to those we love, to finding and sustaining new friendships, to our sense of belonging. For some of us, depression and anxiety are affecting us as never before. How can we get our needs met during this time of uncertainty? I believe that together we can make a plan to live our best possible life, keeping hope in our hearts, connecting with our loved ones, adapting and adjusting to this new world.
The pandemic has challenged our connection to those we love, to finding and sustaining new friendships, to our sense of belonging. For some of us, depression and anxiety are affecting us as never before. How can we get our needs met during this time of uncertainty? I believe that together we can make a plan to live our best possible life, keeping hope in our hearts, connecting with our loved ones, adapting and adjusting to this new world.
(202) 866-4048 View (202) 866-4048
Photo of Laura J Winton, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in 20016, DC
Laura J Winton
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW, LCSW-C
Verified Verified
Washington, DC 20016
"Lives, hopes and dreams can be actualized." My approach is open minded and non-judgmental, embracing individuality and strength while assisting the development of understanding and acceptance. In my 33 years of experience providing psychotherapy, I have developed expertise in individualized treatment of anxiety, depression, mood disorders, substance use and trauma. I utilize Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Dialectic Behavioral Therapy. Working with young adults and adults, I offer individualized specialized therapy. Treatment offered targets understanding and management of emotions, surviving and managing crisis, being present and mindful, interpersonal effectiveness, and learning to think and behave in ways that enhance life and building a better future.
"Lives, hopes and dreams can be actualized." My approach is open minded and non-judgmental, embracing individuality and strength while assisting the development of understanding and acceptance. In my 33 years of experience providing psychotherapy, I have developed expertise in individualized treatment of anxiety, depression, mood disorders, substance use and trauma. I utilize Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Dialectic Behavioral Therapy. Working with young adults and adults, I offer individualized specialized therapy. Treatment offered targets understanding and management of emotions, surviving and managing crisis, being present and mindful, interpersonal effectiveness, and learning to think and behave in ways that enhance life and building a better future.
(301) 804-2287 View (301) 804-2287
Photo of Stacey Lenkin Saltzman, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in 20016, DC
Stacey Lenkin Saltzman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, LCSW, MA
Verified Verified
Washington, DC 20016
My goal is to help clients address and to cope with the complex challenges they face in their lives. These challenges include but are not limited to anxiety, depression, loss of a loved one, relationship problems, self esteem issues, trauma and abuse. I work efficiently and effectively to help motivated clients identify and understand what are often unconscious defenses to experiencing feelings.
My goal is to help clients address and to cope with the complex challenges they face in their lives. These challenges include but are not limited to anxiety, depression, loss of a loved one, relationship problems, self esteem issues, trauma and abuse. I work efficiently and effectively to help motivated clients identify and understand what are often unconscious defenses to experiencing feelings.
(240) 339-6121 View (240) 339-6121
Maria Belen Pereira
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Washington, DC 20016
I provide individual psychotherapy to adults in English and Spanish. I believe that seeing a therapist is a very important and personal decision, that helps during times of stress and emotional pain, but also when you want to grow and mature. I have experience in issues including: depression & anxiety, self-esteem issues, difficulties in relationships, traumatic events, stress in the face of chronic or terminal illness, adjustments to life events and phases of life problems, aging process, grief/loss.
I provide individual psychotherapy to adults in English and Spanish. I believe that seeing a therapist is a very important and personal decision, that helps during times of stress and emotional pain, but also when you want to grow and mature. I have experience in issues including: depression & anxiety, self-esteem issues, difficulties in relationships, traumatic events, stress in the face of chronic or terminal illness, adjustments to life events and phases of life problems, aging process, grief/loss.
(202) 688-5530 View (202) 688-5530
Photo of Steven Wong, Psychologist in 20016, DC
Steven Wong
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Washington, DC 20016
Waitlist for new clients
I am a licensed clinical psychologist providing individual therapy for adults in the Friendship Heights area of NW Washington, DC. I work with individuals with a number of presenting concerns, including mood disorders (e.g., depression and anxiety), addictions, trauma histories (e.g., sexual abuse, combat trauma, etc.), longstanding personality and relationship problems, and more.
I am a licensed clinical psychologist providing individual therapy for adults in the Friendship Heights area of NW Washington, DC. I work with individuals with a number of presenting concerns, including mood disorders (e.g., depression and anxiety), addictions, trauma histories (e.g., sexual abuse, combat trauma, etc.), longstanding personality and relationship problems, and more.
(202) 725-7237 View (202) 725-7237
Photo of Rebecca M Maxwell, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in 20016, DC
Rebecca M Maxwell
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-C
Verified Verified
Washington, DC 20016
I specialize in the treatment of trauma, PTSD, Depression, Anxiety and relationship struggles.
I believe the therapeutic relationship is one of the most important steps in developing trust and faith in your journey to seek clarity and healing within your life. I will provide you with a space that is safe, nonjudgmental, accepting and supportive to help you explore yourself more deeply which will enable you to draw new meanings to your experiences. This will be a collaborative effort working together toward your treatment goals. So often, we feel alone and just want to be heard and listened too, and then to find out we are anything but alone. I will be there with you through this journey.
I specialize in the treatment of trauma, PTSD, Depression, Anxiety and relationship struggles.
I believe the therapeutic relationship is one of the most important steps in developing trust and faith in your journey to seek clarity and healing within your life. I will provide you with a space that is safe, nonjudgmental, accepting and supportive to help you explore yourself more deeply which will enable you to draw new meanings to your experiences. This will be a collaborative effort working together toward your treatment goals. So often, we feel alone and just want to be heard and listened too, and then to find out we are anything but alone. I will be there with you through this journey.
(252) 220-0159 View (252) 220-0159
Photo of Meredith Gardner, Licensed Professional Counselor in 20016, DC
Meredith Gardner
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
Washington, DC 20016
I work with children, adolescents, adults, and families on a variety of issues including depression, anxiety, communication, divorce, grief, relationships and behavior management. I am primarily cognitive behavioral and take an active role in therapy, challenging clients to explore alternative ways to deal with their issues while creating a trusting and caring environment. I am the founder and clinical director of District Therapy Associates, a psychotherapy practice with several diverse therapists who focus on child, adolescent, adult, family, marriage, and group therapy.
I work with children, adolescents, adults, and families on a variety of issues including depression, anxiety, communication, divorce, grief, relationships and behavior management. I am primarily cognitive behavioral and take an active role in therapy, challenging clients to explore alternative ways to deal with their issues while creating a trusting and caring environment. I am the founder and clinical director of District Therapy Associates, a psychotherapy practice with several diverse therapists who focus on child, adolescent, adult, family, marriage, and group therapy.
(202) 609-8914 View (202) 609-8914
Photo of Stephen Rosen, Marriage & Family Therapist in 20016, DC
Stephen Rosen
Marriage & Family Therapist
Verified Verified
Washington, DC 20016
Would you like to make a change for the better in your life? Life presents each of us with daily challenges, perhaps in the form of circumstances beyond our control - the loss of a loved one, sudden unemployment, failing health. Or, our difficulties arise from within - anxieties, depression, anger, addictions. My approach is empathic, client centered and solution-focused. One's ability to navigate mindfully through stressful situations is key to living a more joyful life. I believe we each have the power to live happier lives through conscious choices and practical actions. For 25 years, I have worked as a therapist and coach, assisting many people find relief from non-productive anxiety and discover their authentic voice.
Would you like to make a change for the better in your life? Life presents each of us with daily challenges, perhaps in the form of circumstances beyond our control - the loss of a loved one, sudden unemployment, failing health. Or, our difficulties arise from within - anxieties, depression, anger, addictions. My approach is empathic, client centered and solution-focused. One's ability to navigate mindfully through stressful situations is key to living a more joyful life. I believe we each have the power to live happier lives through conscious choices and practical actions. For 25 years, I have worked as a therapist and coach, assisting many people find relief from non-productive anxiety and discover their authentic voice.
(202) 601-3806 View (202) 601-3806
Photo of Ozlem Yazar, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in 20016, DC
Ozlem Yazar
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LGSW, ADS
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Washington, DC 20016
In psychotherapy, the therapist and client commit to work together to facilitate change. My goal is to provide a safe and nonjudgmental space as we focus on issues such as depression, anxiety, stress, adjustment, sexual identity/LGBTQ concerns, and traditional/non-traditional relationships. My approach to therapy is both holistic and mindful. I view the client as a whole, focusing on the need to bring the mind, body, and spirit into harmony while each element plays a role in healing and the creation of change.
In psychotherapy, the therapist and client commit to work together to facilitate change. My goal is to provide a safe and nonjudgmental space as we focus on issues such as depression, anxiety, stress, adjustment, sexual identity/LGBTQ concerns, and traditional/non-traditional relationships. My approach to therapy is both holistic and mindful. I view the client as a whole, focusing on the need to bring the mind, body, and spirit into harmony while each element plays a role in healing and the creation of change.
(202) 838-4312 View (202) 838-4312
Photo of Adair Fox, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in 20016, DC
Adair Fox
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MA, LICSW
Verified Verified
Washington, DC 20016
My practice is devoted to providing psychotherapy for older adolescents and adults from diverse walks of life. I treat clients who suffer from anxiety, depression, unresolved trauma, loss, grief, and other sources of seemingly unmanageable distress. I also help clients navigate specific life transitions -- for example, to a new school, job, relationship, or parenthood. Finally, I welcome clients who are experiencing relatively diffuse, general discontent and searching for greater fulfillment with respect to their health, relationships, education, job career, or creative endeavors.
My practice is devoted to providing psychotherapy for older adolescents and adults from diverse walks of life. I treat clients who suffer from anxiety, depression, unresolved trauma, loss, grief, and other sources of seemingly unmanageable distress. I also help clients navigate specific life transitions -- for example, to a new school, job, relationship, or parenthood. Finally, I welcome clients who are experiencing relatively diffuse, general discontent and searching for greater fulfillment with respect to their health, relationships, education, job career, or creative endeavors.
(202) 559-0306 View (202) 559-0306
Photo of Malca Gottlieb, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in 20016, DC
Malca Gottlieb
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, LCSW-C
Verified Verified
Washington, DC 20016  (Online Only)
Malca has 16 years’ experience as a psychotherapist and social worker and has worked extensively with clients who struggle with anxiety, depression, imposter syndrome, and perfectionism.
Malca Gottlieb is described by her clients as a wonderful listener -- calm, patient, and deeply insightful about people and their relationships. She works with clients who may feel routinized or feel that their passions and ambitions are being frustrated by their surroundings. She specializes in working with families and individuals who feel that family dynamics may be working against them, and who seek better relationships for themselves and their families. Malca helps her clients engage with the world in a way that prioritizes collaboration over conflict. Malca is a Licensed Independent Clinical Social Worker (LC50079200) in
Malca has 16 years’ experience as a psychotherapist and social worker and has worked extensively with clients who struggle with anxiety, depression, imposter syndrome, and perfectionism.
Malca Gottlieb is described by her clients as a wonderful listener -- calm, patient, and deeply insightful about people and their relationships. She works with clients who may feel routinized or feel that their passions and ambitions are being frustrated by their surroundings. She specializes in working with families and individuals who feel that family dynamics may be working against them, and who seek better relationships for themselves and their families. Malca helps her clients engage with the world in a way that prioritizes collaboration over conflict. Malca is a Licensed Independent Clinical Social Worker (LC50079200) in
(202) 831-3282 View (202) 831-3282
Photo of Keltie Hawkins, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in 20016, DC
Keltie Hawkins
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-C, LICSW
Verified Verified
Washington, DC 20016
Waitlist for new clients
My expertise lies in treatment of complex trauma, PTSD, anxiety and depression.
I specialize in the treatment of unresolved trauma and difficult life experiences. But I also believe therapy is a comfortable space to get to know yourself better—and a vehicle for hope, whether you are in acute crisis, or simply feeling stuck. Through an integrative approach, I help you identify patterns of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that may have begun early in life and continue to affect your relationships or your work.
My expertise lies in treatment of complex trauma, PTSD, anxiety and depression.
I specialize in the treatment of unresolved trauma and difficult life experiences. But I also believe therapy is a comfortable space to get to know yourself better—and a vehicle for hope, whether you are in acute crisis, or simply feeling stuck. Through an integrative approach, I help you identify patterns of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that may have begun early in life and continue to affect your relationships or your work.
(202) 918-4218 View (202) 918-4218
Photo of Carole Palmer, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in 20016, DC
Carole Palmer
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Washington, DC 20016
I will challenge you, help you with your goals, and focus on safety, support, and progress. I provide therapy to couples who want to resolve difficult issues effectively. I offer psychotherapy to adults and adolescents and promote trust in self so that much of the work continues outside the therapy room. I view 'eating disorders' as expressions, not pathologies and will work with you to find a healthy voice. For anxiety and depression I utilize imagery, relaxation and cognitive approaches while integrating the past as necessary. Please call or email me with any questions.
I will challenge you, help you with your goals, and focus on safety, support, and progress. I provide therapy to couples who want to resolve difficult issues effectively. I offer psychotherapy to adults and adolescents and promote trust in self so that much of the work continues outside the therapy room. I view 'eating disorders' as expressions, not pathologies and will work with you to find a healthy voice. For anxiety and depression I utilize imagery, relaxation and cognitive approaches while integrating the past as necessary. Please call or email me with any questions.
(202) 875-6713 View (202) 875-6713
Photo of Cristiano Santostefano, Psychologist in 20016, DC
Cristiano Santostefano
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Washington, DC 20016
I have advanced training in treatments providing relief from symptoms associated with anxiety and depression, adjustment difficulties, relationship issues, trauma and parenting.
You're looking to untie emotional knots that complicate fulfilling relationships and developing confidence. In treatment, we'll work together to uncover core emotional issues, learning techniques that foster insight about how these issues affect you, both in the past and present. I believe these insights can support you to make meaningful changes.
I have advanced training in treatments providing relief from symptoms associated with anxiety and depression, adjustment difficulties, relationship issues, trauma and parenting.
You're looking to untie emotional knots that complicate fulfilling relationships and developing confidence. In treatment, we'll work together to uncover core emotional issues, learning techniques that foster insight about how these issues affect you, both in the past and present. I believe these insights can support you to make meaningful changes.
(202) 839-9827 View (202) 839-9827
Depression Therapists

What is the goal of therapy for depression?

Therapy for depression has several major goals. One is to relieve the mental pain of depression, which distorts feeling and thinking so that sufferers cannot see beyond their current state of mind or envision feeling better. Another is to give people the mental tools to recognize and correct the kinds of distorted thinking that turn a problem into a catastrophe and lead to despair. Therapy also teaches people how to process negative emotions in constructive ways, so they have more control over their own emotional reactivity. And it helps people regain the ability to see themselves positively, the motivation to do things, and the capacity for pleasure.

What happens in therapy for depression?

Perhaps most important, no matter the type of therapy, patients form an alliance with the therapist; that connection is therapeutic in itself, plus it becomes an instrument of change. Patients learn to identify and to challenge their own erroneous beliefs and thoughts that amplify the effects of negative experiences. They learn to identify situations in which they are especially vulnerable. And they learn new patterns of thinking and behaving. They may be given “homework” assignments in which they practice their developing skills. In addition, good therapists regularly monitor patients to assess whether and how much the condition is improving.

What therapy types help with depression?

Several types of short-term therapy have been found effective, each targeting one or more areas of dysfunction. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) helps clients challenge their negative thoughts and beliefs, learn new behavioral strategies, and curb reactivity to distressing situations. Behavioral activation (BA) is a form of therapy often used in conjunction with CBT; it focuses on engagement in rewarding activity as a pathway to changing negative feelings and disturbed mood. Another widely used approach is interpersonal therapy (IPT), which targets the social difficulties that both give rise to and get exacerbated by depression. Therapists may combine approaches as needed.

Can therapy for depression be done online?

Studies have found that online therapy can be highly effective for treating depression, although it may be more challenging to build a good therapist-patient alliance on screen than in person—at least at first. However, online therapy can offer considerable advantages. Accessibility and convenience are tops among them. Some people actually find it easier to talk about problems online than in person. While online therapy typically limits visibility of facial expression and body gestures that give important nonverbal cues to a patient’s state of mind, it can give therapists a glimpse into a patient’s world and life, providing information that can be highly useful in guiding therapy.

How effective is therapy for depression?

Many studies show that therapy is highly effective provided that patients complete the prescribed course of therapy, commonly 16 to 20 sessions. Over the long term, it is more effective than medication and the effects are more enduring. As a result, psychotherapy has the power not just to relieve current suffering but to prevent future episodes of the disorder. Therapy reverses the dysfunction in neural circuitry that disposes individuals to a negative view of themselves, the world, and their future and they acquire coping techniques, problem-solving skills, and understanding of their own vulnerabilities that are useful over the course of a lifetime.