Cognitive Behavioral (CBT) Therapists in 07436

Photo of Ariana Metalia, LMHC, LPC, Counselor
Ariana Metalia
Counselor, LMHC, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Oakland, NJ 07436  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
I use a combination of therapeutic modalities starting from a psychodynamic lens, while incorporating CBT/DBT techniques, and I am also trained in trauma-focused CBT and ACT for adolescents.
I am a licensed counselor in NY/NJ with 8 years of experience in psychotherapy. I began my career working in a variety of roles at Northwell Health facilities including Zucker Hillside Hospital and Cohen Children’s Medical Center. I have assisted children, adolescents, and adults in both crisis centers and weekly individual therapy. My current area of focus is working with teenagers and young adults. I aim to assist my clients in further developing their sense of self, working towards their goals, and maintaining an eager outlook on their future, while we sift through the barriers towards a better quality of daily life.
I use a combination of therapeutic modalities starting from a psychodynamic lens, while incorporating CBT/DBT techniques, and I am also trained in trauma-focused CBT and ACT for adolescents.
I am a licensed counselor in NY/NJ with 8 years of experience in psychotherapy. I began my career working in a variety of roles at Northwell Health facilities including Zucker Hillside Hospital and Cohen Children’s Medical Center. I have assisted children, adolescents, and adults in both crisis centers and weekly individual therapy. My current area of focus is working with teenagers and young adults. I aim to assist my clients in further developing their sense of self, working towards their goals, and maintaining an eager outlook on their future, while we sift through the barriers towards a better quality of daily life.
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Photo of Brittany Ryan-Berzins, PhD, Psychologist
Brittany Ryan-Berzins
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Oakland, NJ 07436
Ryan-Berzins incorporates Positive Psychology, CBT, and Behavioral Techniques into treatment to produce change that immediately lifts an individual's mood.
Brittany Ryan-Berzins, Ph.D. specializes in individual therapy with women, adolescent girls, and children. She specializes in treating depression (in teens and adults), self-injury (cutting), anxiety, and stress specifically associated with transitions for women and girls. She treats post-partum depression, stress associated with fertility treatment, and coping with divorce. Dr. Ryan-Berzins has a special talent in guiding individuals out of depression, whether it is their first experience in therapy or if they have struggled with depression throughout their lives.
Ryan-Berzins incorporates Positive Psychology, CBT, and Behavioral Techniques into treatment to produce change that immediately lifts an individual's mood.
Brittany Ryan-Berzins, Ph.D. specializes in individual therapy with women, adolescent girls, and children. She specializes in treating depression (in teens and adults), self-injury (cutting), anxiety, and stress specifically associated with transitions for women and girls. She treats post-partum depression, stress associated with fertility treatment, and coping with divorce. Dr. Ryan-Berzins has a special talent in guiding individuals out of depression, whether it is their first experience in therapy or if they have struggled with depression throughout their lives.
(973) 552-2679 View (973) 552-2679
Photo of Kristy Centrelli Fernand, MSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Kristy Centrelli Fernand
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Oakland, NJ 07436
We will use psychodynamic, cognitive, and creative methods within a safe and warm relationship.
Counseling services: We will assess symptoms/behavior & establish treatment goals for reaching an improved quality of life. With over 20 years expertise working with children/teens/adults, depression, anxiety, panic attacks, trauma, adhd & eating disorders are just a few of the common presenting concerns that I often treat. I enjoy working with families: women's multiple roles, parenting, behavioral problems, marital strife, physical health concerns & how to find time for one's social/emotional needs. Whether 5 yrs old or 55, let’s improve your coping skills! How can you be there for others if you don’t have an outlet for yourself?
We will use psychodynamic, cognitive, and creative methods within a safe and warm relationship.
Counseling services: We will assess symptoms/behavior & establish treatment goals for reaching an improved quality of life. With over 20 years expertise working with children/teens/adults, depression, anxiety, panic attacks, trauma, adhd & eating disorders are just a few of the common presenting concerns that I often treat. I enjoy working with families: women's multiple roles, parenting, behavioral problems, marital strife, physical health concerns & how to find time for one's social/emotional needs. Whether 5 yrs old or 55, let’s improve your coping skills! How can you be there for others if you don’t have an outlet for yourself?
(201) 383-5716 View (201) 383-5716
Photo of Vivian Gemian, LPC, LCADC, ACS, Counselor
Vivian Gemian
Counselor, LPC, LCADC, ACS
Verified Verified
Oakland, NJ 07436  (Online Only)
My therapeutic approach through CBT and other disciplines, including Christian counseling is warm, collaborative, and aimed at fostering resiliency, self-awareness, hope, empathy, increased self-worth and confidence.
Life can be challenging; feeling isolated or overwhelmed is difficult. Whatever you may be experiencing; anxiety, grief, depression, loneliness, low self-worth, low self-esteem, communication or relationship challenges; together we can "peel away the onion" towards a more satisfying life becoming self-empowered to meet life challenges and do so using a more positive automatic thinking process. Together we will uncover your strengths and establish effective coping strategies for everyday use. Never losing site of HOPE is key; together we will build upon your strengths and learned skills and build the YOU that you desire!
My therapeutic approach through CBT and other disciplines, including Christian counseling is warm, collaborative, and aimed at fostering resiliency, self-awareness, hope, empathy, increased self-worth and confidence.
Life can be challenging; feeling isolated or overwhelmed is difficult. Whatever you may be experiencing; anxiety, grief, depression, loneliness, low self-worth, low self-esteem, communication or relationship challenges; together we can "peel away the onion" towards a more satisfying life becoming self-empowered to meet life challenges and do so using a more positive automatic thinking process. Together we will uncover your strengths and establish effective coping strategies for everyday use. Never losing site of HOPE is key; together we will build upon your strengths and learned skills and build the YOU that you desire!
(973) 833-4925 View (973) 833-4925
Photo of Frances A Vadas, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Frances A Vadas
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Oakland, NJ 07436  (Online Only)
My therapeutic approach is eclectic and individualized and includes CBT and mindfulness practices.
Get your life back post-pandemic; it's time to resume your journey. I'm here to help you on your healing path, if you're ready to go. Most insurance plans are accepted.
My therapeutic approach is eclectic and individualized and includes CBT and mindfulness practices.
Get your life back post-pandemic; it's time to resume your journey. I'm here to help you on your healing path, if you're ready to go. Most insurance plans are accepted.
(609) 604-5302 View (609) 604-5302
Photo of Barbara A Porcelli, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Barbara A Porcelli
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Oakland, NJ 07436
My approach includes, but is not limited to, cognitive behavioral therapy, dialectical behavior therapy and trauma work.
I have over 15 years of experience working with children, adolescents and adults. I work with ages 8 and up. I provide therapy to those suffering from anxiety, depression, post traumatic stress disorder, bi-polar, borderline personality disorder, postpartum depression and marital conflict.
My approach includes, but is not limited to, cognitive behavioral therapy, dialectical behavior therapy and trauma work.
I have over 15 years of experience working with children, adolescents and adults. I work with ages 8 and up. I provide therapy to those suffering from anxiety, depression, post traumatic stress disorder, bi-polar, borderline personality disorder, postpartum depression and marital conflict.
(201) 546-9102 View (201) 546-9102
Photo of Caryn Dambra, MA/EdS, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Caryn Dambra
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA/EdS, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Oakland, NJ 07436  (Online Only)
I utilize a variety of therapeutic approaches to counseling, including aspects of Person-Centered Therapy, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), and Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT).
Do you often find yourself feeling anxious and overwhelmed? Do you ever feel as though you are operating on “autopilot” – simply going through the motions of your life? If so, you are not alone! It's not easy to balance the various aspects and responsibilities of our lives – however, it is possible! By participating in therapy, we can find ways to feel more balanced within ourselves, which will allow us to feel more calm, capable, and content in our lives!
I utilize a variety of therapeutic approaches to counseling, including aspects of Person-Centered Therapy, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), and Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT).
Do you often find yourself feeling anxious and overwhelmed? Do you ever feel as though you are operating on “autopilot” – simply going through the motions of your life? If so, you are not alone! It's not easy to balance the various aspects and responsibilities of our lives – however, it is possible! By participating in therapy, we can find ways to feel more balanced within ourselves, which will allow us to feel more calm, capable, and content in our lives!
(973) 834-5360 View (973) 834-5360
Photo of Colleen Gallagher, LCSW, MBSR, EMDR, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Colleen Gallagher
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MBSR, EMDR
Verified Verified
Oakland, NJ 07436
We start right where you are and tailor cognitive, behavioral and mindbody approaches to your unique needs.
I offer a safe, warm, professional and positive environment for individuals, couples and family members who are looking to understand and heal from the challenges and emotional difficulties they face. Our process is to help you find freedom from troubling thoughts,events, emotions, and to have close connected relationships, mindful communications and a healthy mind and body. People say I help them reduce self-judgement and feel more confident, even lighter. Clients often say that they appreciate my down-to earth nature, calm accepting way and humor, hope.
We start right where you are and tailor cognitive, behavioral and mindbody approaches to your unique needs.
I offer a safe, warm, professional and positive environment for individuals, couples and family members who are looking to understand and heal from the challenges and emotional difficulties they face. Our process is to help you find freedom from troubling thoughts,events, emotions, and to have close connected relationships, mindful communications and a healthy mind and body. People say I help them reduce self-judgement and feel more confident, even lighter. Clients often say that they appreciate my down-to earth nature, calm accepting way and humor, hope.
(201) 485-5878 View (201) 485-5878
Photo of Helen M Castiglione, MSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Helen M Castiglione
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Oakland, NJ 07436
Help is provided through the use of cognitive behavioral therapy, positive psychology, play, and sand therapy and creative exploration of emotions and behaviors through art, music, and movement.
Helen Castiglione is a passionate and dedicated practitioner who understands the many and varied needs of children, adolescents, adults, and families in our modern and ever-changing daily lives. In our stress-filled, demanding and busy world with rapid digital change, Helen strives to develop meaningful therapeutic relationships with a hopeful perspective. With issues and needs related to anxiety, attention and focus, executive functioning, social skills development, emotional regulation, and behavioral challenges, Helen creates an emotionally safe space to allow children, adults, and families to grow and change.
Help is provided through the use of cognitive behavioral therapy, positive psychology, play, and sand therapy and creative exploration of emotions and behaviors through art, music, and movement.
Helen Castiglione is a passionate and dedicated practitioner who understands the many and varied needs of children, adolescents, adults, and families in our modern and ever-changing daily lives. In our stress-filled, demanding and busy world with rapid digital change, Helen strives to develop meaningful therapeutic relationships with a hopeful perspective. With issues and needs related to anxiety, attention and focus, executive functioning, social skills development, emotional regulation, and behavioral challenges, Helen creates an emotionally safe space to allow children, adults, and families to grow and change.
(862) 247-4499 View (862) 247-4499
Photo of Beth La Forgia, LCSW, NJ, NY, VT, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Beth La Forgia
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, NJ, NY, VT
Verified Verified
Oakland, NJ 07436  (Online Only)
Feeling depressed and/or anxious? A lot of the time life is overwhelming and stressful. Let me help you build coping skills and be the best you possible for yourself and those in your life. Therapy can help build the skills you need to manage depression, anxiety and life stress. You deserve to take the time for yourself to learn more about who you are and the best ways for you to cope with things in your life. Maybe you just need somewhere to sort out all of your thoughts, therapy can help with this as well. I would be honored to help you on your journey.
Feeling depressed and/or anxious? A lot of the time life is overwhelming and stressful. Let me help you build coping skills and be the best you possible for yourself and those in your life. Therapy can help build the skills you need to manage depression, anxiety and life stress. You deserve to take the time for yourself to learn more about who you are and the best ways for you to cope with things in your life. Maybe you just need somewhere to sort out all of your thoughts, therapy can help with this as well. I would be honored to help you on your journey.
(973) 283-5164 View (973) 283-5164
Photo of Dr. Maria Elena Misito, PsyD, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Dr. Maria Elena Misito
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PsyD, LCSW
Verified Verified
Oakland, NJ 07436
Are you feeling anxious, depressed, having trouble sleeping? Difficulty in your marriage or other personal relationships? Is your child having trouble in school or at home? There is evidence that shows talk therapy is an effective way to deal with these issues. I specialize in adults, adolescents and families. I also conduct best interest evaluations when special situations might occur that require specialized evaluations such as child custody evaluations, domestic violence, anger management, parenting coordinating, parental capacity cases, reunification therapy and social and educational evaluations.
Are you feeling anxious, depressed, having trouble sleeping? Difficulty in your marriage or other personal relationships? Is your child having trouble in school or at home? There is evidence that shows talk therapy is an effective way to deal with these issues. I specialize in adults, adolescents and families. I also conduct best interest evaluations when special situations might occur that require specialized evaluations such as child custody evaluations, domestic violence, anger management, parenting coordinating, parental capacity cases, reunification therapy and social and educational evaluations.
(973) 317-8142 View (973) 317-8142
Photo of Nerea Jayo-Schielke, MS, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Nerea Jayo-Schielke
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MS, LCSW
Verified Verified
Oakland, NJ 07436
Have you ever... felt sad or unhappy, experienced loss; having problems with relationships ; behavioral issues with children . Drug addiction; or are impacted by someone addiction problems. I specialize in Anxiety, Depression, Trauma, Relationships, Parenting, Loss. I also provide confidentiality; non judgmental individual psychotherpy. Children - Adulthood. Therapy is a partnership and I will accompany you on your journey to overcome obstacles that are keeping you stuck. I personalize therapy to work with the particular individual or couple to maximize your benefit. I work with people struggling with addictions, anxiety, depression and significant stress with a focus on enhancing personal development.
Have you ever... felt sad or unhappy, experienced loss; having problems with relationships ; behavioral issues with children . Drug addiction; or are impacted by someone addiction problems. I specialize in Anxiety, Depression, Trauma, Relationships, Parenting, Loss. I also provide confidentiality; non judgmental individual psychotherpy. Children - Adulthood. Therapy is a partnership and I will accompany you on your journey to overcome obstacles that are keeping you stuck. I personalize therapy to work with the particular individual or couple to maximize your benefit. I work with people struggling with addictions, anxiety, depression and significant stress with a focus on enhancing personal development.
(973) 419-5316 View (973) 419-5316
Photo of Isabelle Murray Kayal, LPC, MA, LMFT, MEd, NCSC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Isabelle Murray Kayal
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MA, LMFT, MEd, NCSC
Verified Verified
11 Endorsed
Oakland, NJ 07436
Are you struggling with issues in your life? Are you looking to make significant changes in your life and/or relationships? This may seem overwhelming to you but I assure you that it is possible. I will help you identify and understand the issue, help to create and implement a plan, and assist you in reaching your goals. As a result you will live a more fulfilling and rewarding life. The first step is believing that you are worth it! BECAUSE YOU ARE!
Are you struggling with issues in your life? Are you looking to make significant changes in your life and/or relationships? This may seem overwhelming to you but I assure you that it is possible. I will help you identify and understand the issue, help to create and implement a plan, and assist you in reaching your goals. As a result you will live a more fulfilling and rewarding life. The first step is believing that you are worth it! BECAUSE YOU ARE!
(973) 435-6252 View (973) 435-6252
Photo of Danielle Schwartz, MA, EdS, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Danielle Schwartz
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, EdS, LMFT
Verified Verified
Oakland, NJ 07436
Do you want something different out of your life but don't know how to go about getting it? Have you been struggling with navigating changes and relationships? Is there a distance between you and your partner and you can't seem to meet in the middle? Does it feel like something holds you back from making connections with people you care about? Make sense of what you are experiencing through therapy so that you can feel confident in making the changes you want. I'm a licensed marriage and family therapist with 10 years experience working with individuals, families and couples.
Do you want something different out of your life but don't know how to go about getting it? Have you been struggling with navigating changes and relationships? Is there a distance between you and your partner and you can't seem to meet in the middle? Does it feel like something holds you back from making connections with people you care about? Make sense of what you are experiencing through therapy so that you can feel confident in making the changes you want. I'm a licensed marriage and family therapist with 10 years experience working with individuals, families and couples.
(908) 386-4194 View (908) 386-4194
Photo of Rachel Antler, MEd, LAC, NCC, Counselor
Rachel Antler
Counselor, MEd, LAC, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Oakland, NJ 07436
Navigating life’s more difficult challenges can feel overwhelming at times. There are many paths to achieving a more fulfilling life, and there is no “one size fits all” method for counseling. I believe in applying a variety of counseling theories and techniques to meet each client’s individual needs and goals. A strong therapeutic relationship built on trust, empathy and understanding is paramount in an effective counseling partnership, and I take great pride in creating an open and welcoming space for my clients.
Navigating life’s more difficult challenges can feel overwhelming at times. There are many paths to achieving a more fulfilling life, and there is no “one size fits all” method for counseling. I believe in applying a variety of counseling theories and techniques to meet each client’s individual needs and goals. A strong therapeutic relationship built on trust, empathy and understanding is paramount in an effective counseling partnership, and I take great pride in creating an open and welcoming space for my clients.
(862) 319-8567 View (862) 319-8567
Photo of Teresa Fetherman, MS, LCADC, CAC, Drug & Alcohol Counselor
Teresa Fetherman
Drug & Alcohol Counselor, MS, LCADC, CAC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Oakland, NJ 07436  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
"Nothing changes if nothing changes". I am a licensed therapist who will work with you, your family or your partner to help find the change that is specific to you. I believe in working without judgement and together establishing agreed upon goals. I do not believe in "cookie cutter" therapy where one approach is used for all and the goals are determined by the therapist. Now is the time for YOU to start making the changes needed for a fulfilling tomorrow. Your successful tomorrow is my hope.
"Nothing changes if nothing changes". I am a licensed therapist who will work with you, your family or your partner to help find the change that is specific to you. I believe in working without judgement and together establishing agreed upon goals. I do not believe in "cookie cutter" therapy where one approach is used for all and the goals are determined by the therapist. Now is the time for YOU to start making the changes needed for a fulfilling tomorrow. Your successful tomorrow is my hope.
(908) 731-7683 View (908) 731-7683
Photo of Tina McCabe, MSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Tina McCabe
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Oakland, NJ 07436
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker committed to helping people find comfort, hope and a path forward. I have experience working with individuals, including children, adolescents and adults of all ages. I have worked in a variety of settings, and have helped clients work through anxiety, depression, parenting issues, behavioral difficulties, ADHD, grief counseling, medical issues & addiction issues.
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker committed to helping people find comfort, hope and a path forward. I have experience working with individuals, including children, adolescents and adults of all ages. I have worked in a variety of settings, and have helped clients work through anxiety, depression, parenting issues, behavioral difficulties, ADHD, grief counseling, medical issues & addiction issues.
(973) 718-9728 View (973) 718-9728
Photo of Patricia Dunn, MSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Patricia Dunn
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Oakland, NJ 07436  (Online Only)
In life there are many stages, changes, and relationships that bring about stress and challenges. Seeking psychotherapy is a positive and important step to gaining insight and empower the client to overcome obstacles in life. As a Licensed Clinical Social Worker, my goal is to provide an environment that is safe, promotes trust, and is without judgement. I am experienced in counseling individuals with depression, anxiety, self-esteem, interpersonal,relationship and bereavement issues.
In life there are many stages, changes, and relationships that bring about stress and challenges. Seeking psychotherapy is a positive and important step to gaining insight and empower the client to overcome obstacles in life. As a Licensed Clinical Social Worker, my goal is to provide an environment that is safe, promotes trust, and is without judgement. I am experienced in counseling individuals with depression, anxiety, self-esteem, interpersonal,relationship and bereavement issues.
(862) 666-3428 View (862) 666-3428
Photo of Paul Robinson, PhD, Psychologist
Paul Robinson
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Oakland, NJ 07436  (Online Only)
People come to therapy for many reasons, but predominantly because they are suffering. They find themselves in difficult and painful situations, or are plagued by anxiety, depression, self-loathing or obsessions. But it's not the situation in which you find yourself that is the main source of your suffering, nor is it the unwelcome "stuff" in your mind. The source of suffering is your inability to live fully in the present and your avoidance of, or resistance to, your thoughts, feelings and situations as they manifest themselves. I will help you soften your resistance, and in doing so, find happiness and peace of mind.
People come to therapy for many reasons, but predominantly because they are suffering. They find themselves in difficult and painful situations, or are plagued by anxiety, depression, self-loathing or obsessions. But it's not the situation in which you find yourself that is the main source of your suffering, nor is it the unwelcome "stuff" in your mind. The source of suffering is your inability to live fully in the present and your avoidance of, or resistance to, your thoughts, feelings and situations as they manifest themselves. I will help you soften your resistance, and in doing so, find happiness and peace of mind.
(862) 356-6703 View (862) 356-6703
Photo of Mignolia Placencia, MA, LAC, NCC, Counselor
Mignolia Placencia
Counselor, MA, LAC, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Oakland, NJ 07436  (Online Only)
Are you or a loved one experiencing feelings of hopelessness, helplessness, lack of motivation, isolation, anxiety, anger, or frustration? Talking to a therapist can help you develop a healthier and happier life style. I am committed to help you identify the true root of those barriers that are keeping you from feeling empowered, accomplished, and self-confident.
Are you or a loved one experiencing feelings of hopelessness, helplessness, lack of motivation, isolation, anxiety, anger, or frustration? Talking to a therapist can help you develop a healthier and happier life style. I am committed to help you identify the true root of those barriers that are keeping you from feeling empowered, accomplished, and self-confident.
(973) 221-9924 View (973) 221-9924

See more therapy options for 07436

Cognitive Behavioral (CBT) Therapists

How does cognitive behavioral therapy work?

Cognitive behavioral therapy works by exploring how your thoughts affect your emotions and experiences. CBT helps you identify distortions in your thinking. For example, you may tend to jump to the worst case scenario catastrophizing or think in extremes (all-or-nothing thinking). A therapist can teach you how to push back against those thoughts to ultimately change your feelings and behavior for the better. They can also provide coping skills to better deal with stressors and challenges.

When do I know to seek treatment with cognitive behavioral therapy?

It’s reasonable to consider cognitive behavioral therapy if you struggle to manage difficult emotions or behaviors to such an extent that you are not getting the most out of life on a day-to-day basis. If you want a shorter term, concrete, skills-based approach, CBT is a great option. (By contrast, other types of therapy may devote more time to exploring your past and its effects.) The decision to seek CBT also depends on the condition you’re treating; CBT is an effective treatment for anxiety, depression, trauma, and many other disorders.

How can I find a cognitive behavioral therapist for someone else?

To find a cognitive behavioral therapist for someone else, you may want to begin by discussing the person’s problem, researching cognitive behavioral therapy, and assessing whether the approach is the right fit. You could then reach out to a few cognitive behavioral therapists in this directory, explain the scenario, have a consultation with those available, and determine who could be a good match.

Why is CBT such a popular form of therapy?

CBT has become a popular form of therapy because it is effective and accessible. Robust research has demonstrated that CBT is an effective treatment for many mental health conditions. And CBT can be learned in relatively few sessions, which means that many people can engage in the process, afford it, and see results quickly. It involves learning concrete skills such as disputing unhelpful thoughts; these skills can also be taught and spread widely.