Photo of Sara Kaplan-Levy, PhD, Psychologist
Sara Kaplan-Levy
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Brookline, MA 02445
I am a licensed clinical psychologist with extensive training in, and experience providing, evidence-based treatment for children, adolescents, young adults, and caregivers. I strive to create a warm, safe environment in which clients are encouraged to explore the connections between their internal experiences (thoughts, feelings, urges), external events, and behaviors. My approach is collaborative and aims to empower individuals to make mindful choices in service of their goals and values.
I am a licensed clinical psychologist with extensive training in, and experience providing, evidence-based treatment for children, adolescents, young adults, and caregivers. I strive to create a warm, safe environment in which clients are encouraged to explore the connections between their internal experiences (thoughts, feelings, urges), external events, and behaviors. My approach is collaborative and aims to empower individuals to make mindful choices in service of their goals and values.
(617) 915-4177 View (617) 915-4177
Photo of Ilana Zablow, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Ilana Zablow
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Brookline, MA 02445
I focus on helping people develop healthy, meaningful, and satisfying lives and relationships. I strive to provide a safe space that allows for the development of a trusting relationship, supporting you as you begin the process of self-reflection and personal growth. I offer a compassionate, non-judgmental approach with a collaborative therapeutic style. Treatment is tailored to fit your needs and goals, drawing from a diverse collection of therapeutic modalities. I bring curiosity and humor to the therapy relationship which allows my clients to feel comfortable exploring new aspects of themselves while pursuing their optimal life.
I focus on helping people develop healthy, meaningful, and satisfying lives and relationships. I strive to provide a safe space that allows for the development of a trusting relationship, supporting you as you begin the process of self-reflection and personal growth. I offer a compassionate, non-judgmental approach with a collaborative therapeutic style. Treatment is tailored to fit your needs and goals, drawing from a diverse collection of therapeutic modalities. I bring curiosity and humor to the therapy relationship which allows my clients to feel comfortable exploring new aspects of themselves while pursuing their optimal life.
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Photo of Brigitte Zakari, PsyaD, LMHC, Counselor
Brigitte Zakari
Counselor, PsyaD, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Brookline, MA 02445
I am a psychoanalyst and licensed mental health counselor in private practice in Brookline, Massachusetts with more than 15 years experience in the field. Throughout my training and career, I have worked with adults in outpatient psychotherapy clinics as well as with children and adolescents and their families in the Public School Systems.
I am a psychoanalyst and licensed mental health counselor in private practice in Brookline, Massachusetts with more than 15 years experience in the field. Throughout my training and career, I have worked with adults in outpatient psychotherapy clinics as well as with children and adolescents and their families in the Public School Systems.
(617) 394-1880 x447 View (617) 394-1880 x447
Photo of Andre Guillemin, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Andre Guillemin
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Brookline, MA 02445  (Online Only)
Life has a way of kicking our asses, and sometimes we all need a little help getting through the rough spots. I work with adults and couples who struggle with depression, anxiety, trauma, addiction, and relationship problems among other issues. My approach draws from a variety of disciplines including cognitive and behavioral therapy, psychodynamic, internal family systems, and acceptance and commitment therapy.
Life has a way of kicking our asses, and sometimes we all need a little help getting through the rough spots. I work with adults and couples who struggle with depression, anxiety, trauma, addiction, and relationship problems among other issues. My approach draws from a variety of disciplines including cognitive and behavioral therapy, psychodynamic, internal family systems, and acceptance and commitment therapy.
(617) 468-3310 View (617) 468-3310
Photo of Carolina Lancastre, LMHC, Counselor
Carolina Lancastre
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Brookline, MA 02445  (Online Only)
I believe you are the expert on yourself and I am here to support and empower you in gaining insight. Throughout our time together, I will provide you with a listening ear and guidance, as well as practical solutions to improve your mental health and well-being. Along the way, we will uncover the coping mechanisms that once worked for you and no longer do, as well as develop new ones that will support you and bring you awareness, acceptance and growth.
I believe you are the expert on yourself and I am here to support and empower you in gaining insight. Throughout our time together, I will provide you with a listening ear and guidance, as well as practical solutions to improve your mental health and well-being. Along the way, we will uncover the coping mechanisms that once worked for you and no longer do, as well as develop new ones that will support you and bring you awareness, acceptance and growth.
(617) 762-5223 View (617) 762-5223
Photo of Michael Mullahy, LADC-I, LCP-T
Michael Mullahy
LADC-I, LCP-T
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Brookline, MA 02445
I am a psychotherapist with 10+ years of experience providing individual therapy for adults and adolescents. My focus is on in-depth psychoanalytic therapy informed by the theory and practice of Lacanian psychoanalysis. People come to work with me when there is a problem—a symptom, a conflict, a traumatic experience—that gets in the way of satisfaction in life. Common issues include anxiety, depression, self-doubt, and difficulty with love and sexuality. Psychoanalytic work aims at addressing the real causes of these problems, and can result in new ways of relating to yourself and others.
I am a psychotherapist with 10+ years of experience providing individual therapy for adults and adolescents. My focus is on in-depth psychoanalytic therapy informed by the theory and practice of Lacanian psychoanalysis. People come to work with me when there is a problem—a symptom, a conflict, a traumatic experience—that gets in the way of satisfaction in life. Common issues include anxiety, depression, self-doubt, and difficulty with love and sexuality. Psychoanalytic work aims at addressing the real causes of these problems, and can result in new ways of relating to yourself and others.
(857) 420-5554 View (857) 420-5554
Photo of Ben Getman, LMHC, Counselor
Ben Getman
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Brookline, MA 02445
I am currently accepting new clients. When you feel stuck under the weight of anxious thinking, life can feel unmanageable and your goals can fall out of reach. You might struggle with chronic stress and overthinking, frequent panic attacks, low self-confidence, executive functioning challenges, existential worries, burnout, or insecurity. These experiences are only human and therapy can often be a helpful step toward improving your mental health. Through my nearly decade-long experience working with adults, children, and adolescents, I can help you better manage the anxiety that's held you back from the life you want to live.
I am currently accepting new clients. When you feel stuck under the weight of anxious thinking, life can feel unmanageable and your goals can fall out of reach. You might struggle with chronic stress and overthinking, frequent panic attacks, low self-confidence, executive functioning challenges, existential worries, burnout, or insecurity. These experiences are only human and therapy can often be a helpful step toward improving your mental health. Through my nearly decade-long experience working with adults, children, and adolescents, I can help you better manage the anxiety that's held you back from the life you want to live.
(617) 271-2054 View (617) 271-2054
Photo of Jennifer Eckert - Boston Post Adoption Resources, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Boston Post Adoption Resources
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Brookline, MA 02445
Waitlist for new clients
Boston Post Adoption Resources, also known as BPAR, is a nonprofit organization that was founded to support all individuals and families who are touched by adoption. We understand the challenges and impact that adoption can have on relationships, family dynamics, and identity. Our team of licensed mental health professionals is specifically trained to deal with post adoption challenges with clients of all ages in individual, family and group settings. We recognize that every situation is different, and our goal is to provide support to you and your family on your lifelong journey through adoption.
Boston Post Adoption Resources, also known as BPAR, is a nonprofit organization that was founded to support all individuals and families who are touched by adoption. We understand the challenges and impact that adoption can have on relationships, family dynamics, and identity. Our team of licensed mental health professionals is specifically trained to deal with post adoption challenges with clients of all ages in individual, family and group settings. We recognize that every situation is different, and our goal is to provide support to you and your family on your lifelong journey through adoption.
(617) 420-7064 View (617) 420-7064
Photo of Daniel P Johnson, PhD, Psychologist
Daniel P Johnson
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Brookline, MA 02445
I am committed to creating a safe environment in which clients feel empowered to enact meaningful change in their lives. I approach this work using acceptance commitment therapy (ACT), a scientifically-validated treatment that prioritizes the client's values in therapy and offers concrete skills for how to work with painful experiences and how to take mindful, effective action in difficult situations. This ACT approach is supported and informed by my training in other cognitive-behavioral therapies, including exposure with response prevention (ERP), prolonged exposure (PE), and dialectical behavior therapy (DBT).
I am committed to creating a safe environment in which clients feel empowered to enact meaningful change in their lives. I approach this work using acceptance commitment therapy (ACT), a scientifically-validated treatment that prioritizes the client's values in therapy and offers concrete skills for how to work with painful experiences and how to take mindful, effective action in difficult situations. This ACT approach is supported and informed by my training in other cognitive-behavioral therapies, including exposure with response prevention (ERP), prolonged exposure (PE), and dialectical behavior therapy (DBT).
(857) 847-3433 View (857) 847-3433
Photo of Liz Stein, PsyD, Psychologist
Liz Stein
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Brookline, MA 02445  (Online Only)
If you are feeling stressed, overwhelmed, or stuck in your life, therapy can give you the skills and support needed to make positive, lasting changes. As a licensed clinical psychologist, I have expertise in helping people overcome anxiety, depression, relationship issues, and trauma. I am also passionate about supporting women navigating the complexities of infertility, pregnancy and postpartum, as well as parenting.
If you are feeling stressed, overwhelmed, or stuck in your life, therapy can give you the skills and support needed to make positive, lasting changes. As a licensed clinical psychologist, I have expertise in helping people overcome anxiety, depression, relationship issues, and trauma. I am also passionate about supporting women navigating the complexities of infertility, pregnancy and postpartum, as well as parenting.
(617) 397-4863 View (617) 397-4863
Photo of Sarah Garrity, MSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Sarah Garrity
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Brookline, MA 02445  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
I specialize in helping people who are struggling with trauma, relationship challenges, low-self-esteem, or who are coping with behaviors such as disordered eating or substance use. I take a warm, collaborative and holistic approach to help you better understand yourself, un-learn old ways of being, and develop the capacity to manage all that life brings. Together, at a pace you are comfortable with, we can explore places in your life where you feel stuck, and move towards the life you want to live. My goal is to help you find peace with yourself and with your body.
I specialize in helping people who are struggling with trauma, relationship challenges, low-self-esteem, or who are coping with behaviors such as disordered eating or substance use. I take a warm, collaborative and holistic approach to help you better understand yourself, un-learn old ways of being, and develop the capacity to manage all that life brings. Together, at a pace you are comfortable with, we can explore places in your life where you feel stuck, and move towards the life you want to live. My goal is to help you find peace with yourself and with your body.
(617) 500-1492 View (617) 500-1492
Photo of Nicholas Acquadro, LMHC, MA, Counselor
Nicholas Acquadro
Counselor, LMHC, MA
Verified Verified
Brookline, MA 02445
Waitlist for new clients
There can be many reasons to consider beginning therapy. We seem to live in a time of increased isolation and alienation, dissatisfaction and unrest. Talk therapy provides a unique space for connection, reflection, and understanding. It can help with overcoming internal and external obstacles, leading to a higher quality of life and relationships. I have experience working with people who have depression, anxiety, low self-esteem, addiction, fears, and a range of mental health challenges. By gaining a deeper understanding of your issues and yourself, we can find relief and a way forward.
There can be many reasons to consider beginning therapy. We seem to live in a time of increased isolation and alienation, dissatisfaction and unrest. Talk therapy provides a unique space for connection, reflection, and understanding. It can help with overcoming internal and external obstacles, leading to a higher quality of life and relationships. I have experience working with people who have depression, anxiety, low self-esteem, addiction, fears, and a range of mental health challenges. By gaining a deeper understanding of your issues and yourself, we can find relief and a way forward.
(617) 397-7305 View (617) 397-7305
Photo of Emily Carroll, MSW, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Emily Carroll
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
Brookline, MA 02445
I firmly believe that growth and change are not only possible but essential aspects of the human experience. Together, we can navigate the complexities of anxiety, depression, and trauma, paving the way for calm and peace to replace feelings of distress. You are capable of overcoming challenges, and I am here to support you every step of the way. I am a dedicated therapist with a passion for facilitating transformative journeys towards healing and growth. I believe in the power of holistic healing and incorporate wellness practices and whole-body approaches into my therapeutic interventions.
I firmly believe that growth and change are not only possible but essential aspects of the human experience. Together, we can navigate the complexities of anxiety, depression, and trauma, paving the way for calm and peace to replace feelings of distress. You are capable of overcoming challenges, and I am here to support you every step of the way. I am a dedicated therapist with a passion for facilitating transformative journeys towards healing and growth. I believe in the power of holistic healing and incorporate wellness practices and whole-body approaches into my therapeutic interventions.
(617) 468-3985 View (617) 468-3985
Photo of Lyzz Zinn, MA, MT-BC
Lyzz Zinn
MA, MT-BC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Brookline, MA 02445
Something feels out of tune. You wake up each day and go through the motions. You feel disconnected, like you've lost your voice, your sense of self. You're trying your hardest, but you feel like you can never quite get enough done, show up in the world in a good enough way. Maybe you have children and interacting with them feels exhausting, confusing, like you want to understand them but somehow you don't.​ At the end of the day, your thoughts race, you're exhausted, and you say, "Do I really have to do that again?"
Something feels out of tune. You wake up each day and go through the motions. You feel disconnected, like you've lost your voice, your sense of self. You're trying your hardest, but you feel like you can never quite get enough done, show up in the world in a good enough way. Maybe you have children and interacting with them feels exhausting, confusing, like you want to understand them but somehow you don't.​ At the end of the day, your thoughts race, you're exhausted, and you say, "Do I really have to do that again?"
(857) 675-8248 View (857) 675-8248
Photo of Thomas Babbitt, LCPC, Counselor
Thomas Babbitt
Counselor, LCPC
Verified Verified
Brookline, MA 02445  (Online Only)
My “ideal” client is you! I welcome pretty much anyone who needs help. Psychotherapy is always about the supportive relationship between therapist and client, no matter what the specific orientation of the clinician. We can approach the issue from any number of angles. These angles, or techniques, are: whatever works. Period. Whatever brings you relief. I will work very hard for you.
My “ideal” client is you! I welcome pretty much anyone who needs help. Psychotherapy is always about the supportive relationship between therapist and client, no matter what the specific orientation of the clinician. We can approach the issue from any number of angles. These angles, or techniques, are: whatever works. Period. Whatever brings you relief. I will work very hard for you.
(833) 789-0583 View (833) 789-0583
Photo of Cleo Gordon, LCSW, Pre-Licensed Professional
Cleo Gordon
Pre-Licensed Professional, LCSW
Verified Verified
Brookline, MA 02445
Cleo Gordon, LCSW, provides non-judgmental, trauma-informed therapy to individuals across Massachusetts. She is dedicated to helping youth and adults navigate life's challenges in a safe and supportive environment. Cleo takes an individualized approach to therapy, tailoring her methods to meet each client's unique needs and goals. Her focus is on helping individuals overcome symptoms of anxiety, depression, and gender identity concerns, while also offering compassionate support for women's issues. Cleo's practice serves clients from diverse backgrounds, with a special emphasis on supporting the LGBTQIA+ community.
Cleo Gordon, LCSW, provides non-judgmental, trauma-informed therapy to individuals across Massachusetts. She is dedicated to helping youth and adults navigate life's challenges in a safe and supportive environment. Cleo takes an individualized approach to therapy, tailoring her methods to meet each client's unique needs and goals. Her focus is on helping individuals overcome symptoms of anxiety, depression, and gender identity concerns, while also offering compassionate support for women's issues. Cleo's practice serves clients from diverse backgrounds, with a special emphasis on supporting the LGBTQIA+ community.
(857) 371-8366 View (857) 371-8366
Photo of Allison Elizabeth Arrigg, PsyD, Psychologist
Allison Elizabeth Arrigg
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Brookline, MA 02445  (Online Only)
As a clinical psychologist, I provide brief and long-term psychotherapy to children, adolescents, and adults around a wide range of issues including life transitions, relationships, anxiety, depression, loss and grief. I am committed to providing a respectful, nurturing, accepting environment, where clients can learn about themselves and their relationships.
As a clinical psychologist, I provide brief and long-term psychotherapy to children, adolescents, and adults around a wide range of issues including life transitions, relationships, anxiety, depression, loss and grief. I am committed to providing a respectful, nurturing, accepting environment, where clients can learn about themselves and their relationships.
(857) 214-7422 View (857) 214-7422
Photo of Caroline Howland, MSW, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Caroline Howland
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Brookline, MA 02445
Not accepting new clients
Caroline Howland is an LICSW with a private practice in Brookline, MA who has been working with individuals of all ages and their families for the past 14 years. Her practice is focused on treating adults who are struggling with depression, anxiety disorders, and coping with challenging life changes and transitions. Her treatment approach incorporates talk therapy with skills-based therapy, tailored to individual client need. Previous experience includes McLean Hospital for 9 years, where she specialized in Child and Adolescent Mental Health and Psychosis, and the CEDAR Clinic for 4 years, where she specialized in Psychosis-Risk.
Caroline Howland is an LICSW with a private practice in Brookline, MA who has been working with individuals of all ages and their families for the past 14 years. Her practice is focused on treating adults who are struggling with depression, anxiety disorders, and coping with challenging life changes and transitions. Her treatment approach incorporates talk therapy with skills-based therapy, tailored to individual client need. Previous experience includes McLean Hospital for 9 years, where she specialized in Child and Adolescent Mental Health and Psychosis, and the CEDAR Clinic for 4 years, where she specialized in Psychosis-Risk.
(617) 958-8295 View (617) 958-8295
Photo of Kathleen Turner, LICSW , MPH, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Kathleen Turner
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW , MPH
Verified Verified
Brookline, MA 02445
*** Not Currently Available for Taking Clients - but hopefully soon. Each one of us is strong, resilient and insightful! You are the best resource for figuring out what you most need to build a more fulfilling, happier and connected life. My style is supportive and goal directed. I see the therapeutic process as a collaborative exploration of past obstacles, fears and losses while developing strategies, hopes and ideas to create the life and relationships you desire.
*** Not Currently Available for Taking Clients - but hopefully soon. Each one of us is strong, resilient and insightful! You are the best resource for figuring out what you most need to build a more fulfilling, happier and connected life. My style is supportive and goal directed. I see the therapeutic process as a collaborative exploration of past obstacles, fears and losses while developing strategies, hopes and ideas to create the life and relationships you desire.
(857) 477-8355 View (857) 477-8355
Photo of Taylor K. Young, MSW, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Taylor K. Young
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Brookline, MA 02445
Waitlist for new clients
My intention in therapy is to meet the uniqueness of the individual and create a relationship and therapy that supports his or her distinct process. I am an integrative therapist and believe in empowering individuals from the inside out. I blend traditional talk-therapy with body-based interventions and skill-building. My work is grounded in psychodynamic therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, dialectical behavior therapy, mindfulness, and yoga therapy. In this work, clients deepen their awareness of themselves, develop tools and skills, and become resourced by their own strengths and abilities.
My intention in therapy is to meet the uniqueness of the individual and create a relationship and therapy that supports his or her distinct process. I am an integrative therapist and believe in empowering individuals from the inside out. I blend traditional talk-therapy with body-based interventions and skill-building. My work is grounded in psychodynamic therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, dialectical behavior therapy, mindfulness, and yoga therapy. In this work, clients deepen their awareness of themselves, develop tools and skills, and become resourced by their own strengths and abilities.
(617) 934-1794 View (617) 934-1794
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How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in 02445

200+

Average cost per session

$185

Therapists in 02445 who prioritize treating:

91% Anxiety
87% Depression
81% Relationship Issues
75% Self Esteem
66% Coping Skills
64% Trauma and PTSD
63% Grief

Average years in practice

15 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

85% BlueCross and BlueShield
44% Aetna
39% Optum

How Therapists in 02445 see their clients

67% In Person and Online
33% Online Only

Gender breakdown

75% Female
24% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in 02445?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.