Trauma and PTSD Therapists in L1H
Shannyah Weekes
Registered Social Worker, MA, BSW, RP(Q), RSW
Verified Verified
Oshawa, ON L1H (Online Only)
You have a space where we can address your trauma and talk about God freely.
My name is Shannyah and I am Christian psychotherapist and registered social worker. I have been in the social work field for 8 years, with ample experience working with youth, young adults and marginalized communities. I am the founder and clinical director of Shannyah Christian Psychotherapy & Consulting where I offer safe spaces for Christians to heal from trauma and mental illnesses, while intersecting faith and mental health practices. I have worked with many clients who have experienced trauma & PTSD, depression & anxiety, mental health disorders, identity issues, life transitions, church hurt and other faith-based issues.
You have a space where we can address your trauma and talk about God freely.
My name is Shannyah and I am Christian psychotherapist and registered social worker. I have been in the social work field for 8 years, with ample experience working with youth, young adults and marginalized communities. I am the founder and clinical director of Shannyah Christian Psychotherapy & Consulting where I offer safe spaces for Christians to heal from trauma and mental illnesses, while intersecting faith and mental health practices. I have worked with many clients who have experienced trauma & PTSD, depression & anxiety, mental health disorders, identity issues, life transitions, church hurt and other faith-based issues.
I specialize in Trauma and Abuse work using a CBT, DBT and ACT in an eclectic model.
Hello. I am an experienced Social Worker/psychotherapist with over 25 years in the field. I combine a unique skill set that combines creativity with therapeutic experience. I like to run relaxed sessions with you at the center of the issues. Together we will decide the direction and approach. I believe humor and metaphorical storytelling are the direction to go in.
I specialize in Trauma and Abuse work using a CBT, DBT and ACT in an eclectic model.
Hello. I am an experienced Social Worker/psychotherapist with over 25 years in the field. I combine a unique skill set that combines creativity with therapeutic experience. I like to run relaxed sessions with you at the center of the issues. Together we will decide the direction and approach. I believe humor and metaphorical storytelling are the direction to go in.
I support individuals (16 years and up) to have the courage to be fully seen outside of their traumatic/negative life experience.
Now offering in-person and virtual sessions. Are you struggling to cope with negative life events or a traumatic experience? Are your emotions impacting your day-to-day coping and relationships? Do you have flashbacks? Feel like you’re on edge all the time or maybe checking out? Looking for support to be more present? Blaming yourself; “Things are okay now; I should just be able to move on" or "Its my fault." My goal is to support individuals, who have experienced trauma, negative life events and challenges begin to move towards healing. The core values of my practice are acceptance, compassion and connection.
I support individuals (16 years and up) to have the courage to be fully seen outside of their traumatic/negative life experience.
Now offering in-person and virtual sessions. Are you struggling to cope with negative life events or a traumatic experience? Are your emotions impacting your day-to-day coping and relationships? Do you have flashbacks? Feel like you’re on edge all the time or maybe checking out? Looking for support to be more present? Blaming yourself; “Things are okay now; I should just be able to move on" or "Its my fault." My goal is to support individuals, who have experienced trauma, negative life events and challenges begin to move towards healing. The core values of my practice are acceptance, compassion and connection.
Heather Boorsma
Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying), MA, RP(Q), CCTP-II
Verified Verified
8 Endorsed
Oshawa, ON L1H
I am training as a Certified Clinical Trauma Professional (CCTP-II) to help clients with Complex Trauma (C- PTSD) and Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD).
Mental health concerns often leave us feeling lost, helpless, and questioning who we are, no matter how they choose to present themselves (as traumatic memories, intrusive thoughts, depressive spirals, anxiety, self-esteem, relationship issues, etc). I view my role as being two-fold: helping you cope in your daily life through new tools and strategies, and helping you heal the root of your mental health concerns to create long-term change. I work with adults and youth from a trauma-focused, holistic perspective that considers the mind/body connection, fosters self-compassion, builds inner resilience, and improves self-image.
I am training as a Certified Clinical Trauma Professional (CCTP-II) to help clients with Complex Trauma (C- PTSD) and Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD).
Mental health concerns often leave us feeling lost, helpless, and questioning who we are, no matter how they choose to present themselves (as traumatic memories, intrusive thoughts, depressive spirals, anxiety, self-esteem, relationship issues, etc). I view my role as being two-fold: helping you cope in your daily life through new tools and strategies, and helping you heal the root of your mental health concerns to create long-term change. I work with adults and youth from a trauma-focused, holistic perspective that considers the mind/body connection, fosters self-compassion, builds inner resilience, and improves self-image.
I am trauma and neurodivergence versed, culturally sensitive and client centred (you are the expert of you).
Accepting new clients virtually! Have you struggled to find a therapist you can easily connect with? Do you find opening up and trusting difficult? Are you seeking a warm, genuine, non-judgemental & deeply compassionate space/relationship to make sense of your experiences, emotions & thoughts? I continue to notice clients resonating with social media posts about symptoms & experiences of neurodivergence & C PTSD. I help adults process these realizations and heal utilizing cognitive & somatic/nervous system approaches to holistically address C PTSD & internalized toxic shame from being neurodivergent in a neurotypical society.
I am trauma and neurodivergence versed, culturally sensitive and client centred (you are the expert of you).
Accepting new clients virtually! Have you struggled to find a therapist you can easily connect with? Do you find opening up and trusting difficult? Are you seeking a warm, genuine, non-judgemental & deeply compassionate space/relationship to make sense of your experiences, emotions & thoughts? I continue to notice clients resonating with social media posts about symptoms & experiences of neurodivergence & C PTSD. I help adults process these realizations and heal utilizing cognitive & somatic/nervous system approaches to holistically address C PTSD & internalized toxic shame from being neurodivergent in a neurotypical society.
Kristen See
Registered Psychotherapist, MA, RP
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Oshawa, ON L1H (Online Only)
Accepting new clients! - I work primarily with millennial & GenZ women navigating emotional dysregulation, low self-esteem and BPD traits, ADHD, relationship struggles / attachment anxiety and complex trauma stemming from "emotionally immature" parents. I believe in working collaboratively with my clients and I always prioritize building and maintaining a secure and friendly therapeutic relationship. My strength comes in the form of curating effective coping skills to suit your individual needs and holding space for emotions that may often be dismissed by others.
Accepting new clients! - I work primarily with millennial & GenZ women navigating emotional dysregulation, low self-esteem and BPD traits, ADHD, relationship struggles / attachment anxiety and complex trauma stemming from "emotionally immature" parents. I believe in working collaboratively with my clients and I always prioritize building and maintaining a secure and friendly therapeutic relationship. My strength comes in the form of curating effective coping skills to suit your individual needs and holding space for emotions that may often be dismissed by others.
Frances Jean
Registered Psychotherapist, MDiv, RP
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Oshawa, ON L1H (Online Only)
I have over a decade of experience helping clients navigate dysfunctional family dynamics and heal relational trauma, and I'd be happy to help you through these complicated issues as well.
I help second-gen immigrants move out of survival mode and break generational cycles for good, so that they can speak their truth, live authentically and find peace in the present. As a child of immigrant parents, you probably straddle two worlds and navigate powerful family and cultural expectations. You may be feeling stuck, discouraged or even overwhelmed as a result. Yet there's a way to break the cycle so that you're both respecting your family and being true to yourself. If you're motivated to leave a different legacy to your kids, then you're exactly the kind of person I can help.
I have over a decade of experience helping clients navigate dysfunctional family dynamics and heal relational trauma, and I'd be happy to help you through these complicated issues as well.
I help second-gen immigrants move out of survival mode and break generational cycles for good, so that they can speak their truth, live authentically and find peace in the present. As a child of immigrant parents, you probably straddle two worlds and navigate powerful family and cultural expectations. You may be feeling stuck, discouraged or even overwhelmed as a result. Yet there's a way to break the cycle so that you're both respecting your family and being true to yourself. If you're motivated to leave a different legacy to your kids, then you're exactly the kind of person I can help.
I acknowledge the lasting impact of past traumas and childhood experiences on our present-day lives.
Imagine being caught in an endless struggle, grasping for a breath of relief but feeling trapped and powerless, often overwhelmed by complex traumas, intrusive thoughts, uncontrollable anxieties, depression, relationships etc. My dedication to you includes guiding you through daily practices, uncovering the underlying factors of your concerns, and staying connected with your emotions. I work with supporting adults and youth to promote self-compassion, establish a sense of safety within their bodies, achieve inner peace, regain control, and develop resilience.
I acknowledge the lasting impact of past traumas and childhood experiences on our present-day lives.
Imagine being caught in an endless struggle, grasping for a breath of relief but feeling trapped and powerless, often overwhelmed by complex traumas, intrusive thoughts, uncontrollable anxieties, depression, relationships etc. My dedication to you includes guiding you through daily practices, uncovering the underlying factors of your concerns, and staying connected with your emotions. I work with supporting adults and youth to promote self-compassion, establish a sense of safety within their bodies, achieve inner peace, regain control, and develop resilience.
Ester Odermatt Counselling Services
Registered Social Worker, MSW, RSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Oshawa, ON L1H (Online Only)
My services are specifically focused and tailored to meet the needs of Women between the ages of 20-60. If you have experienced trauma or are feeling anxious, overwhelmed, stressed, lonely, stuck, unfulfilled, rejected, misunderstood or judged I can support you in helping you better understand all parts of yourself and develop skills for coping. I strive to provide compassionate, trauma informed, anti-oppressive care and am committed to providing a space free from judgement so you feel safe and supported as you navigate life's challenging circumstances. Your healing is my goal and I look forward to supporting you on your journey
My services are specifically focused and tailored to meet the needs of Women between the ages of 20-60. If you have experienced trauma or are feeling anxious, overwhelmed, stressed, lonely, stuck, unfulfilled, rejected, misunderstood or judged I can support you in helping you better understand all parts of yourself and develop skills for coping. I strive to provide compassionate, trauma informed, anti-oppressive care and am committed to providing a space free from judgement so you feel safe and supported as you navigate life's challenging circumstances. Your healing is my goal and I look forward to supporting you on your journey
Elsia La Caria And Co. Psychotherapy
Registered Social Worker, MSW, RSW
Verified Verified
Oshawa, ON L1H
Reach out to learn more about trauma treatment and/or or how we can help you achieve your goals.
You may find yourself feeling stuck, overwhelmed by anxiety/stress, or feeling triggered by past trauma. We are a team of caring RSW's and RP's providing support to adolescents, adults, couples and First Responders. We specialize in trauma, childhood abuse and attachment wounds, maternal mental health, fertility, domestic violence, and couple therapy. Our approach is attachment-based and we are passionate about helping individuals to feel more connected to themselves and their relationships. We strongly believe that a therapist-client relationship should be rooted in trust and safety and characterized by warmth and acceptance.
Reach out to learn more about trauma treatment and/or or how we can help you achieve your goals.
You may find yourself feeling stuck, overwhelmed by anxiety/stress, or feeling triggered by past trauma. We are a team of caring RSW's and RP's providing support to adolescents, adults, couples and First Responders. We specialize in trauma, childhood abuse and attachment wounds, maternal mental health, fertility, domestic violence, and couple therapy. Our approach is attachment-based and we are passionate about helping individuals to feel more connected to themselves and their relationships. We strongly believe that a therapist-client relationship should be rooted in trust and safety and characterized by warmth and acceptance.
Sheila Raitt - Psychotherapist Heartsease Counselling
Registered Social Worker, MSW, RSW, HBA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Oshawa, ON L1H
Hello and welcome. I'm here to support you as you overcome your current challenges and recover from the painful wounds you carry and/or trauma you may have endured. You don't have to do it alone. You can explore: stress, relationship challenges, depression, anxiety, anger, grief, overwhelm, self-esteem, etc. I work with adults healing the wounds of childhood: emotional, psychological, physical and sexual abuse, indifference, neglect, and other traumas. The healing process is a transformative one, involving an honest and open exploration of your thoughts and emotions; if you are ready to do this, we are likely a good therapeutic fit.
Hello and welcome. I'm here to support you as you overcome your current challenges and recover from the painful wounds you carry and/or trauma you may have endured. You don't have to do it alone. You can explore: stress, relationship challenges, depression, anxiety, anger, grief, overwhelm, self-esteem, etc. I work with adults healing the wounds of childhood: emotional, psychological, physical and sexual abuse, indifference, neglect, and other traumas. The healing process is a transformative one, involving an honest and open exploration of your thoughts and emotions; if you are ready to do this, we are likely a good therapeutic fit.
15 Second Videos
Heather Boorsma
Corrina Rittwage
Frances Jean
Laura Bloom And The Relationship Agency
Kristi Kerford
Psychological & Counselling Services Group
Sherice Annis
Strength Counselling Services
Michael Thunderblum
Krishma Goraya
Gina King
I also use Internal Family System, various trauma-focused Psychotherapies and mindfulness approaches.
As a Registered Psychotherapist, I provide individual psychotherapy and CRPO approved Clinical Supervision & Consultation. I provide a warm and empathic space to help you feel less alone when dealing with overwhelming issues such as: depression, anxiety, anger, trauma, relationship difficulties, addictions, and emotional volatility. I offer a space in which you can learn to feel safer, more hopeful and at ease in yourself, your work, and your relationships. I am an experienced and empathic therapist and I will collaborate with you to tailor therapy to meet your individual needs.
I also use Internal Family System, various trauma-focused Psychotherapies and mindfulness approaches.
As a Registered Psychotherapist, I provide individual psychotherapy and CRPO approved Clinical Supervision & Consultation. I provide a warm and empathic space to help you feel less alone when dealing with overwhelming issues such as: depression, anxiety, anger, trauma, relationship difficulties, addictions, and emotional volatility. I offer a space in which you can learn to feel safer, more hopeful and at ease in yourself, your work, and your relationships. I am an experienced and empathic therapist and I will collaborate with you to tailor therapy to meet your individual needs.
Lindsay Slater
Registered Social Worker, MSW, RSW, CACBT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Oshawa, ON L1H (Online Only)
If you are looking for a trauma-informed and effective psychotherapist with a warm, non-judgmental approach, look no further! Whether it’s coping with a relationship difficulty, anxiety/stress or interpersonal problems/grief, I can provide my professional support. As a Registered Social Worker (RSW) and Certified Cognitive Behavioral Therapist, with 15 + years experience I am qualified and successful in treating Anxiety, Depression, PTSD, & OCD. I would describe my therapeutic style as radically genuine, and supportive. I offer a safe, engaging presence and effective skills to help you improve wellbeing. Please see website info!
If you are looking for a trauma-informed and effective psychotherapist with a warm, non-judgmental approach, look no further! Whether it’s coping with a relationship difficulty, anxiety/stress or interpersonal problems/grief, I can provide my professional support. As a Registered Social Worker (RSW) and Certified Cognitive Behavioral Therapist, with 15 + years experience I am qualified and successful in treating Anxiety, Depression, PTSD, & OCD. I would describe my therapeutic style as radically genuine, and supportive. I offer a safe, engaging presence and effective skills to help you improve wellbeing. Please see website info!
Andrew Carlquist
Psychologist, PsyD, CPsych
Verified Verified
Oshawa, ON L1H
Waitlist for new clients
I offer help with trauma and operational stress injuries, moral injury, anxiety, substance use disorders, interpersonal and relationship stress, bereavement and grief (including after suicide), and health issues like insomnia and chronic pain.
I specialize in working with first responders, public safety personnel, military and veterans, and other emergency and trauma-exposed professionals. I help folks in these careers who are looking to protect against or recover from trauma, improve health and well-being, and build resilience, so that they may live happy and satisfying lives. There are unique challenges facing people in these lines of work and I am dedicated to providing culturally-competent care. Our team at Wayfound Mental Health provides clinical services to all front-line, trauma-exposed professionals, and if I'm not available then I can connect you with my team
I offer help with trauma and operational stress injuries, moral injury, anxiety, substance use disorders, interpersonal and relationship stress, bereavement and grief (including after suicide), and health issues like insomnia and chronic pain.
I specialize in working with first responders, public safety personnel, military and veterans, and other emergency and trauma-exposed professionals. I help folks in these careers who are looking to protect against or recover from trauma, improve health and well-being, and build resilience, so that they may live happy and satisfying lives. There are unique challenges facing people in these lines of work and I am dedicated to providing culturally-competent care. Our team at Wayfound Mental Health provides clinical services to all front-line, trauma-exposed professionals, and if I'm not available then I can connect you with my team
Laura Bloom And The Relationship Agency
Registered Social Worker, MSW, RSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Oshawa, ON L1H (Online Only)
I am Trauma-Informed, and have additional training in Brain Basics & Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT).
Hi, I’m Laura. I am a gentle soul, a nature and music lover, and a person who loves creativity and connection. I was diagnosed with ADHD later in life. I’m intimately aware of its impact on relationships, work, self-esteem, and overall ability to function. I understand feeling overwhelmed and anxious with a busy and overactive mind. I get how a lifetime of messaging suggesting you’re not ‘normal’ can creep into your mind and become your own shameful inner dialogue. I've done my own work to embrace my ADHD diagnosis. I certainly don’t have all the answers, but I have learned many tools to not only function but thrive.
I am Trauma-Informed, and have additional training in Brain Basics & Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT).
Hi, I’m Laura. I am a gentle soul, a nature and music lover, and a person who loves creativity and connection. I was diagnosed with ADHD later in life. I’m intimately aware of its impact on relationships, work, self-esteem, and overall ability to function. I understand feeling overwhelmed and anxious with a busy and overactive mind. I get how a lifetime of messaging suggesting you’re not ‘normal’ can creep into your mind and become your own shameful inner dialogue. I've done my own work to embrace my ADHD diagnosis. I certainly don’t have all the answers, but I have learned many tools to not only function but thrive.
Denise McMillan
Registered Psychotherapist
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Oshawa, ON L1H (Online Only)
If you are experiencing stress, anxiety, depression, grief, or a disconnect from yourself or others, you do not have to go through it alone. Starting therapy can be a powerful step towards changing your life. I am a Registered Psychotherapist who works from a trauma-informed perspective. I bring compassion and understanding to each session. I work to ensure that a safe and comfortable space is created, so you can explore your emotions and thoughts.
If you are experiencing stress, anxiety, depression, grief, or a disconnect from yourself or others, you do not have to go through it alone. Starting therapy can be a powerful step towards changing your life. I am a Registered Psychotherapist who works from a trauma-informed perspective. I bring compassion and understanding to each session. I work to ensure that a safe and comfortable space is created, so you can explore your emotions and thoughts.
Jacalyn Caswell
Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying), BA, MACP, CCC
Verified Verified
Oshawa, ON L1H
I approach every client individually with an empathetic and trauma-informed approach.
I work with adults and youth who experience low mood, anxiety, self-esteem concerns, relationship conflict, loss, and grief. Knowing how challenging life can be, it is important that we have a safe community and people to assist us when sometimes we cannot manage our experiences alone. Thus, together within therapy, we will work as a team to explore present patterns and behaviours that result in feelings we wish to change and build a strong and compassionate belief of self, exploring new strategies and techniques along the way.
I approach every client individually with an empathetic and trauma-informed approach.
I work with adults and youth who experience low mood, anxiety, self-esteem concerns, relationship conflict, loss, and grief. Knowing how challenging life can be, it is important that we have a safe community and people to assist us when sometimes we cannot manage our experiences alone. Thus, together within therapy, we will work as a team to explore present patterns and behaviours that result in feelings we wish to change and build a strong and compassionate belief of self, exploring new strategies and techniques along the way.
I have extensive training in evidence-based approaches such as cognitive behavioural therapy (diagnostic specific), cognitive processing therapy for PTSD, in addition to mindfulness, emotion-focused therapy, self-compassion, and bereavement counselling.
I work with individuals, families, and couples who are facing some of life’s tough realities such as the breakdown of a relationship, divorce, loss, grief, and bereavement. I also work with children and adolescents who may struggling and find their situation overwhelming and sometimes difficult to manage (i.e. social, parental, relational, etc...). My primary therapeutic approach is cognitive behavioural and my specialties include depression, anxiety disorders, trauma, and bereavement therapy. I also offer supervision to students in their practicum and new practitioners in the qualifying phase of their practice.
I have extensive training in evidence-based approaches such as cognitive behavioural therapy (diagnostic specific), cognitive processing therapy for PTSD, in addition to mindfulness, emotion-focused therapy, self-compassion, and bereavement counselling.
I work with individuals, families, and couples who are facing some of life’s tough realities such as the breakdown of a relationship, divorce, loss, grief, and bereavement. I also work with children and adolescents who may struggling and find their situation overwhelming and sometimes difficult to manage (i.e. social, parental, relational, etc...). My primary therapeutic approach is cognitive behavioural and my specialties include depression, anxiety disorders, trauma, and bereavement therapy. I also offer supervision to students in their practicum and new practitioners in the qualifying phase of their practice.
Haley Syrja-McNally
Registered Social Worker, MSW, BSW, RSW
Verified Verified
Oshawa, ON L1H (Online Only)
I am experienced with CBT, DBT Skills, ERP (for OCD) for adults and for children/adolescents, Trauma-Informed Practice, and take a somatic (body-based) approach to issues or symptoms.
Hello! I have been a registered social worker since 2014. Being a child or youth can be really difficult sometimes, especially following the pandemic. While I work with people of all ages, my areas of focus are in supporting children, youth and families who are struggling to cope and need support to process their feelings and difficulties they may have, including a broad range of mental illness, wellness issues and/or social issues. This includes depression, anxieties, bullying/ school issues, caregiver relationship issues, and many more. While challenges can come in all shapes and sizes, you can learn new tools to deal with them.
I am experienced with CBT, DBT Skills, ERP (for OCD) for adults and for children/adolescents, Trauma-Informed Practice, and take a somatic (body-based) approach to issues or symptoms.
Hello! I have been a registered social worker since 2014. Being a child or youth can be really difficult sometimes, especially following the pandemic. While I work with people of all ages, my areas of focus are in supporting children, youth and families who are struggling to cope and need support to process their feelings and difficulties they may have, including a broad range of mental illness, wellness issues and/or social issues. This includes depression, anxieties, bullying/ school issues, caregiver relationship issues, and many more. While challenges can come in all shapes and sizes, you can learn new tools to deal with them.
Rachel Daley McQuillan
Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying), BA, DTATI
Verified Verified
Oshawa, ON L1H
I offer art therapy to children, adolescents and adults experiencing anxiety, sadness, depression, stress, emotional and behavioural issues and regulation, attachment and relational stress, self-esteem & identity and issues related to coping with and processing trauma.
I offer art therapy to children, adolescents and adults experiencing anxiety, sadness, depression, stress, emotional and behavioural issues and regulation, attachment and relational stress, self-esteem & identity and issues related to coping with and processing trauma.
See more therapy options for L1H
Trauma and PTSD Counsellors
When should I seek treatment for trauma?
Not everyone who undergoes trauma needs therapy to heal, but many do. If, after experiencing a traumatic event, you find yourself struggling with symptoms such as nightmares, dissociation, irritability, or emotional numbness—especially if these symptoms last more than a month and are severe enough to interfere with your daily functioning—you may benefit from seeking out therapy with a trauma-informed provider.
How long does trauma therapy take?
Different types of therapy for trauma unfold on different timelines. Prolonged exposure therapy and cognitive processing therapy, for example, each take about three months, while trauma-informed CBT may last anywhere from 8 to 25 sessions. Other approaches, especially those that are less structured or that incorporate elements from multiple modalities, may be more open-ended, though many patients report feeling better within the first few months of treatment.
What happens if trauma is left untreated?
Unaddressed trauma can have serious—even devastating—effects on relationships, career, and day-to-day functioning. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) can lead people to distrust or lash out at others, making it difficult to maintain intimate relationships; it can also trigger symptoms such as flashbacks or hyperreactivity that can interfere with a person’s ability to function effectively, personally and/or professionally. Some sufferers turn to drugs to find relief. Symptoms may lessen on their own with time, but there is no guarantee that PTSD will resolve on its own.
Can PTSD come back after treatment?
It is possible for PTSD symptoms to recur months or years after successful treatment. This is because, like most mental health disorders, it is not possible to “cure” PTSD, and stressful life events may cause symptoms to recur in even the most resilient individuals. There is no shame in re-experiencing PTSD symptoms nor in returning to therapy when such relapses occur; indeed, many forms of trauma therapy explicitly encourage periodic “maintenance sessions” to reinforce coping skills and ensure that symptoms stay manageable.