Therapists in Oshawa, ON

Your emotions might feel overwhelming and unpredictable, making it hard to navigate daily life. Relationships may feel strained, and no matter how much you try, you find yourself stuck in cycles of self-doubt, fear of abandonment, or emotional disconnection. The weight of past experiences lingers, shaping how you see yourself and others, making trust and connection difficult. Even when you try to move forward, the same patterns keep pulling you back, leaving you feeling stuck, exhausted, and alone, wondering if change is possible. Healing begins with connection. I’ll guide you through discomfort, helping you feel safe again.
Your emotions might feel overwhelming and unpredictable, making it hard to navigate daily life. Relationships may feel strained, and no matter how much you try, you find yourself stuck in cycles of self-doubt, fear of abandonment, or emotional disconnection. The weight of past experiences lingers, shaping how you see yourself and others, making trust and connection difficult. Even when you try to move forward, the same patterns keep pulling you back, leaving you feeling stuck, exhausted, and alone, wondering if change is possible. Healing begins with connection. I’ll guide you through discomfort, helping you feel safe again.

Jeff Packer MSW & Associates Inc.
Registered Social Worker, MSW, RSW, RP
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Oshawa, ON L1G
We often face situations, stages, and issues that leave us feeling stuck or blocked from achieving our true goals. Our therapists help clarify problem areas, understand your strengths, and develop solutions to resolve the challenges you face, We work with people of all ages, cultures and orientations, building healthier relationships with yourself, others, and the Earth. Our professional psychotherapists help you improve yourself and your relationships with evidence-based approaches and strategies. For more information or to schedule your initial consultation, in person or online, visit us at www.jeffpacker.com. Peace Be With You
We often face situations, stages, and issues that leave us feeling stuck or blocked from achieving our true goals. Our therapists help clarify problem areas, understand your strengths, and develop solutions to resolve the challenges you face, We work with people of all ages, cultures and orientations, building healthier relationships with yourself, others, and the Earth. Our professional psychotherapists help you improve yourself and your relationships with evidence-based approaches and strategies. For more information or to schedule your initial consultation, in person or online, visit us at www.jeffpacker.com. Peace Be With You

In therapy, meaningful change begins, and you don’t have to do it alone. If you’re feeling stuck—from stress, relationship challenges, or the pressure of balancing life’s demands—therapy offers a space to untangle the mess and focus on what matters most to you.
We’ll work together to explore what’s holding you back and build tools to help you move forward. Whether your goals include setting boundaries, managing emotions more effectively, or finding clarity and confidence in your decisions, our work will center on your unique experiences and aspirations.
In therapy, meaningful change begins, and you don’t have to do it alone. If you’re feeling stuck—from stress, relationship challenges, or the pressure of balancing life’s demands—therapy offers a space to untangle the mess and focus on what matters most to you.
We’ll work together to explore what’s holding you back and build tools to help you move forward. Whether your goals include setting boundaries, managing emotions more effectively, or finding clarity and confidence in your decisions, our work will center on your unique experiences and aspirations.

Mind Matters Psychotherapy & Creative Education
Registered Psychotherapist, RP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Oshawa, ON L1H
We are a Team of Registered Psychotherapists who are dedicate to working with children, youth, families, and adults in unique ways which are tailored to the clients individual strengths and challenges. It is important for us to meet our clients where they are at, not where we might want them to be. This will allow for clients to be a dedicated participant in their journey to wellness. We create a safe space for clients to explore their challenges and work on personal goals. Our team works from a Client-Centered focus, allowing for clients to direct the therapy and contribute to the journey they are on.
We are a Team of Registered Psychotherapists who are dedicate to working with children, youth, families, and adults in unique ways which are tailored to the clients individual strengths and challenges. It is important for us to meet our clients where they are at, not where we might want them to be. This will allow for clients to be a dedicated participant in their journey to wellness. We create a safe space for clients to explore their challenges and work on personal goals. Our team works from a Client-Centered focus, allowing for clients to direct the therapy and contribute to the journey they are on.

Charlotte MacLean l Vivid Minds Psychotherapy
Registered Psychotherapist, CCC, ADMH
Verified Verified
7 Endorsed
Online Only
Now accepting new clients. If you’re feeling stuck, unheard, or overwhelmed by a major life shift, you don’t have to navigate it alone. I work with individuals, couples, and families to address challenges in communication, transitions, and emotional well-being. Our work together will focus on building clarity, improving relationships, and helping you move forward with more confidence and connection. Therapy is a space for honest reflection, skill-building, and meaningful change — and it starts with feeling truly supported.
Now accepting new clients. If you’re feeling stuck, unheard, or overwhelmed by a major life shift, you don’t have to navigate it alone. I work with individuals, couples, and families to address challenges in communication, transitions, and emotional well-being. Our work together will focus on building clarity, improving relationships, and helping you move forward with more confidence and connection. Therapy is a space for honest reflection, skill-building, and meaningful change — and it starts with feeling truly supported.

Jason Hillier at Rock Bottom Therapy
Registered Social Service Worker, RSSW
Verified Verified
Online Only
At Rock Bottom Therapy, we believe that everyone has the ability to lead a happy and fulfilling life. Our philosophy is rooted in the belief that mental and emotional well-being are integral to overall health, and that therapy can be a powerful tool for achieving this balance. Whether you or a loved one is seeking better overall wellness or in a fight to survive at the hands of addiction or other mental health challenges, Rock Bottom Therapy can help. By utilizing various evidence based modalities, we at Rock Bottom Therapy are not looking to put a cast on a broken arm, instead we focus on learning how to not fall out of the tree.
At Rock Bottom Therapy, we believe that everyone has the ability to lead a happy and fulfilling life. Our philosophy is rooted in the belief that mental and emotional well-being are integral to overall health, and that therapy can be a powerful tool for achieving this balance. Whether you or a loved one is seeking better overall wellness or in a fight to survive at the hands of addiction or other mental health challenges, Rock Bottom Therapy can help. By utilizing various evidence based modalities, we at Rock Bottom Therapy are not looking to put a cast on a broken arm, instead we focus on learning how to not fall out of the tree.

Susan A. Packer
Registered Psychotherapist, RP, MDiv, BEd, BASc
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Oshawa, ON L1G
Are emotions like sadness, fear or stressful situations from your past, present or future, blocking you from achieving your personal goals? Are you suffering from grief, loss or betrayal? Maybe you are just feeling stuck. Perhaps your romantic relationship is in jeopardy. Many people are struggling with issues from their past. I can help you heal from trauma and add new techniques to your coping skills. There are lots of strategies we can use to improve your relationships and your ability to cope with the pressures and challenges of life. Together we can find solutions to help you resolve the issues that concern you most.
Are emotions like sadness, fear or stressful situations from your past, present or future, blocking you from achieving your personal goals? Are you suffering from grief, loss or betrayal? Maybe you are just feeling stuck. Perhaps your romantic relationship is in jeopardy. Many people are struggling with issues from their past. I can help you heal from trauma and add new techniques to your coping skills. There are lots of strategies we can use to improve your relationships and your ability to cope with the pressures and challenges of life. Together we can find solutions to help you resolve the issues that concern you most.

For over 12 years, I have sought to guide individuals on their journey to wellness by fostering an environment that encourages confidence and trust, in their own abilities and strengths. Anxiety, OCD and Depression, often lead to feelings of discouragement and self-doubt, and subsequently, compromises the ability to participate fully in life with confidence. The treatments that I offer, support self confidence and resilience, to get back to those aspects of life that are most important to you.
For over 12 years, I have sought to guide individuals on their journey to wellness by fostering an environment that encourages confidence and trust, in their own abilities and strengths. Anxiety, OCD and Depression, often lead to feelings of discouragement and self-doubt, and subsequently, compromises the ability to participate fully in life with confidence. The treatments that I offer, support self confidence and resilience, to get back to those aspects of life that are most important to you.

Ester Odermatt Counselling Services
Registered Social Worker, MSW, RSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Online Only
My services are specifically focused and tailored to meet the needs of Women between the ages of 20-60. If you have experienced trauma or are feeling anxious, overwhelmed, stressed, lonely, stuck, unfulfilled, rejected, misunderstood or judged I can support you in helping you better understand all parts of yourself and develop skills for coping. I strive to provide compassionate, trauma informed, anti-oppressive care and am committed to providing a space free from judgement so you feel safe and supported as you navigate life's challenging circumstances. Your healing is my goal and I look forward to supporting you on your journey
My services are specifically focused and tailored to meet the needs of Women between the ages of 20-60. If you have experienced trauma or are feeling anxious, overwhelmed, stressed, lonely, stuck, unfulfilled, rejected, misunderstood or judged I can support you in helping you better understand all parts of yourself and develop skills for coping. I strive to provide compassionate, trauma informed, anti-oppressive care and am committed to providing a space free from judgement so you feel safe and supported as you navigate life's challenging circumstances. Your healing is my goal and I look forward to supporting you on your journey

As a South Asian Muslim woman, I have had the privilege of seeing the world through those identities and gained a deep understanding of the systems in play. I support individuals navigate through the struggles they experience in identity, relationships, emotional regulation, self-esteem, anxiety and other mental health issues. I also work with challenges related to faith, spirituality, cultural differences, and discrimination. If you can relate to these struggles and are looking for a way to navigate through this, I would be happy to create an environment that promotes growth and work towards a positive outcome.
As a South Asian Muslim woman, I have had the privilege of seeing the world through those identities and gained a deep understanding of the systems in play. I support individuals navigate through the struggles they experience in identity, relationships, emotional regulation, self-esteem, anxiety and other mental health issues. I also work with challenges related to faith, spirituality, cultural differences, and discrimination. If you can relate to these struggles and are looking for a way to navigate through this, I would be happy to create an environment that promotes growth and work towards a positive outcome.

Simply Connected Therapy
Registered Social Worker, MSW, RSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Oshawa, ON L1G
Accepting New Clients! We strongly believe in meeting you where you are at and assisting you to draw on your own strength and resilience. We are determined to provide a safe, supportive, and non-judgmental space for you to explore your feelings and will help you to address concerns, achieve goals and help make positive changes in your life. We strive to empower you to develop and recognize your own self-worth that fosters emotional growth within. We bring a warm, comprehensive, and practical approach to mental health and wellness and pride myself on listening deeply and empathetically.
Accepting New Clients! We strongly believe in meeting you where you are at and assisting you to draw on your own strength and resilience. We are determined to provide a safe, supportive, and non-judgmental space for you to explore your feelings and will help you to address concerns, achieve goals and help make positive changes in your life. We strive to empower you to develop and recognize your own self-worth that fosters emotional growth within. We bring a warm, comprehensive, and practical approach to mental health and wellness and pride myself on listening deeply and empathetically.
Meet Our Counsellors

Therapy is a collaborative effort between the counsellor and client. Services offered include but are not limited to; Depression & anxiety, ADHD & neurodivergence, Burnout, Trauma, Grief & loss, Relational challenges & boundaries, Self-esteem & identity, Anger, Body image, Domestic abuse & violence, Sexual Abuse, Addiction, and Substance use disorder. Together, we can explore challenges, create goals and determine the best therapeutic modality to suit your needs, values and unique perspective. A strong therapeutic alliance between therapist and client is the cornerstone of the work we do together, so honesty and safety is key.
Therapy is a collaborative effort between the counsellor and client. Services offered include but are not limited to; Depression & anxiety, ADHD & neurodivergence, Burnout, Trauma, Grief & loss, Relational challenges & boundaries, Self-esteem & identity, Anger, Body image, Domestic abuse & violence, Sexual Abuse, Addiction, and Substance use disorder. Together, we can explore challenges, create goals and determine the best therapeutic modality to suit your needs, values and unique perspective. A strong therapeutic alliance between therapist and client is the cornerstone of the work we do together, so honesty and safety is key.

Rhonda Hazel Andall
Registered Social Worker, RSW, BSW, MSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Oshawa, ON L1G
You have everything, yet nothing. You try to make meaning of your life, but deep down a feeling of emptiness lingers. You deeply want to feel a genuine sense of happiness, but sadness overwhelms you. The deep wound of your past has you in a state of depression, anxiety, anger, and chronic stress. You have uncontrollable thoughts you try to ignore but cannot. Living with a sense of peace is hard to gain and you are exhausted. These feelings are affecting your relationships, your employment, academic pursuits or just your ability to manage day to day activities. If this sounds familiar, I am here to help.
You have everything, yet nothing. You try to make meaning of your life, but deep down a feeling of emptiness lingers. You deeply want to feel a genuine sense of happiness, but sadness overwhelms you. The deep wound of your past has you in a state of depression, anxiety, anger, and chronic stress. You have uncontrollable thoughts you try to ignore but cannot. Living with a sense of peace is hard to gain and you are exhausted. These feelings are affecting your relationships, your employment, academic pursuits or just your ability to manage day to day activities. If this sounds familiar, I am here to help.

Greetings, my name is Shanique Baynes, and I am a registered social worker, equity specialist, motivational speaker, dub poet, writer, and activist. I am currently providing individual and group counselling to women, children, families and teenagers. I believe that healing and wholeness is a journey and as such my approach will look at an individual’s lived experiences in the context of healing through an intersectional, critical, strengths based, culturally sensitive, anti-racist, anti-oppressive and trauma informed lens.
Greetings, my name is Shanique Baynes, and I am a registered social worker, equity specialist, motivational speaker, dub poet, writer, and activist. I am currently providing individual and group counselling to women, children, families and teenagers. I believe that healing and wholeness is a journey and as such my approach will look at an individual’s lived experiences in the context of healing through an intersectional, critical, strengths based, culturally sensitive, anti-racist, anti-oppressive and trauma informed lens.

Asad Ali
Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying), RP(q), MPS, BKin
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Online Only
I understand how difficult it is to be true to our faith in a secular world. Navigating these challenges can seem so daunting at times, but there is a solution. I believe in a holistic approach to healing, where mental, physical, and spiritual well-being are all addressed. I work with individuals, particularly from the Muslim community, who are struggling with challenges that profoundly affect their personal and spiritual lives. These challenges might include addictions, such as pornography or sexual addiction, which have not only impacted their relationships but have also created a sense of disconnection from their faith.
I understand how difficult it is to be true to our faith in a secular world. Navigating these challenges can seem so daunting at times, but there is a solution. I believe in a holistic approach to healing, where mental, physical, and spiritual well-being are all addressed. I work with individuals, particularly from the Muslim community, who are struggling with challenges that profoundly affect their personal and spiritual lives. These challenges might include addictions, such as pornography or sexual addiction, which have not only impacted their relationships but have also created a sense of disconnection from their faith.

Being a woman in today’s world—especially when navigating motherhood or the longing to become a mother—can feel heavy and isolating. Whether you’re feeling stretched thin by daily demands or burdened by cultural and societal pressures, you deserve a space where your experiences are honoured. I offer the understanding and compassion I once wished for myself, creating a safe, judgment-free space. You don’t have to carry it all alone—I’m here to help you feel seen, supported, and grounded in your own strength.
Being a woman in today’s world—especially when navigating motherhood or the longing to become a mother—can feel heavy and isolating. Whether you’re feeling stretched thin by daily demands or burdened by cultural and societal pressures, you deserve a space where your experiences are honoured. I offer the understanding and compassion I once wished for myself, creating a safe, judgment-free space. You don’t have to carry it all alone—I’m here to help you feel seen, supported, and grounded in your own strength.

Accepting New Clients! Evening Availability! Do you want to feel more in control of your life and put a stop to negative thoughts and feelings? Sometimes, past experiences can leave us feeling stuck and unable to find enjoyment in life. Reaching out for support is not always easy and can leave us feeling vulnerable. It is my goal to work alongside you to build your self-esteem, self-compassion, process grief and loss, work through the negative effects of past trauma, or address whatever other therapeutic goals you may have while we work together.
Accepting New Clients! Evening Availability! Do you want to feel more in control of your life and put a stop to negative thoughts and feelings? Sometimes, past experiences can leave us feeling stuck and unable to find enjoyment in life. Reaching out for support is not always easy and can leave us feeling vulnerable. It is my goal to work alongside you to build your self-esteem, self-compassion, process grief and loss, work through the negative effects of past trauma, or address whatever other therapeutic goals you may have while we work together.

Abirami (Abi) Saiyanthan
Pre-Licensed Professional, MDiv, MBiotec, BSc
Verified Verified
Oshawa, ON L1G
With her background in marketing communication, Abi values the importance of listening. She truly believes each person’s path is unique and with someone coming alongside them, in a nonjudgemental, empathetic manner, they are free to explore and find solutions that fit their lives. She considers it a privilege to invite clients into a safe space and listen to their life stories. She is genuinely interested in the growth of her clients of any age and facilitating improvements in their relationships.
With her background in marketing communication, Abi values the importance of listening. She truly believes each person’s path is unique and with someone coming alongside them, in a nonjudgemental, empathetic manner, they are free to explore and find solutions that fit their lives. She considers it a privilege to invite clients into a safe space and listen to their life stories. She is genuinely interested in the growth of her clients of any age and facilitating improvements in their relationships.

ACCEPTING NEW CLIENTS******* Everyday life comes with struggles that often leave us feeling depressed, anxious, and overwhelmed. We sometimes feel disconnected and in conflict with our spouses, family and friends and are looking for a way to cope better. However, what we really want is the opportunity to breathe. To be able to create space where we can slow down and act instead of react, to decide and choose instead of the choice being made for us.
ACCEPTING NEW CLIENTS******* Everyday life comes with struggles that often leave us feeling depressed, anxious, and overwhelmed. We sometimes feel disconnected and in conflict with our spouses, family and friends and are looking for a way to cope better. However, what we really want is the opportunity to breathe. To be able to create space where we can slow down and act instead of react, to decide and choose instead of the choice being made for us.

Feeling sad, stuck, down, stressed or anxious doesn't have to be your normal. I am so happy to assist people in finding enjoyment and ease in their life. I work with a team of professionals to ensure my skills are up to date and my clients’ issues are helped by a number of different approaches such as EFT, IFS, CBT and family systems. I have completed my Masters in Counselling Psychology and have 20 years in the field of social services. Together we can find ways to reduce conflict, reconnect and bond with loved ones or set boundaries and feel better about your mental health. Contact me today to get started.
Feeling sad, stuck, down, stressed or anxious doesn't have to be your normal. I am so happy to assist people in finding enjoyment and ease in their life. I work with a team of professionals to ensure my skills are up to date and my clients’ issues are helped by a number of different approaches such as EFT, IFS, CBT and family systems. I have completed my Masters in Counselling Psychology and have 20 years in the field of social services. Together we can find ways to reduce conflict, reconnect and bond with loved ones or set boundaries and feel better about your mental health. Contact me today to get started.
See more therapy options for Oshawa
How does your Counsellor compare?
Number of Counsellors in Oshawa, ON
400+
Average cost per session
$160
Counsellors in Oshawa, ON who prioritize treating:
96% | Anxiety |
88% | Depression |
86% | Self Esteem |
83% | Relationship Issues |
82% | Stress |
75% | Coping Skills |
68% | Trauma and PTSD |
Average years in practice
9 Years
Top 3 insurances accepted
69% | Manulife |
67% | Green Shield Canada |
63% | Canada Life | Great-West Life |
How Counsellors in Oshawa, ON see their clients
64% | In Person and Online | |
36% | Online Only |
Gender breakdown
85% | Female | |
14% | Male | |
1% | Non-Binary |
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling
How can I find a therapist in Oshawa?
Search for nearby therapists or counsellors by inputting your city, postal code, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postal code into the search bar.
Learn more about how to find a therapist
Learn more about how to find a therapist
Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?
Most Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are certified by one of the main professional associations, mainly the Canadian Counselling and Psychotherapy Association (CCPA), and will have a Certified Canadian Counsellor (CCC) designation with their name. Social Workers listed in the directory must be registered members of the college specific to their province. To be listed in the directory, Psychologists must be registered with the psychological college specific to their province or territory.
Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given the considerable variation in professional regulation and prerequisites across Canadian provinces, some providers may possess significant professional qualifications without necessarily holding professional memberships or being obliged to acquire them. As a result, they may be selectively included without the "Verified" seal.
Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given the considerable variation in professional regulation and prerequisites across Canadian provinces, some providers may possess significant professional qualifications without necessarily holding professional memberships or being obliged to acquire them. As a result, they may be selectively included without the "Verified" seal.
What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?
Psychologists, counsellors, psychotherapists and social workers can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and supervised, practical experience that enable them to do so in Canada.
Psychologists have a master's and/or doctoral degree and have passed both written and oral exams. Psychologists are able to complete mental health assessments and provide diagnostic information to clients as well as provide counselling therapy or psychotherapy. Counsellors and psychotherapists are expected to have a master's or doctoral degree in counselling psychology, social work, or a related mental health discipline and certification by a professional association, such as the Canadian Counselling and Psychotherapy Association. Registered Social Workers possess a Bachelor's or Master's degree in Social Work and where possible must be licensed or certified by the provincial government and/or regulatory college.
Psychologists have a master's and/or doctoral degree and have passed both written and oral exams. Psychologists are able to complete mental health assessments and provide diagnostic information to clients as well as provide counselling therapy or psychotherapy. Counsellors and psychotherapists are expected to have a master's or doctoral degree in counselling psychology, social work, or a related mental health discipline and certification by a professional association, such as the Canadian Counselling and Psychotherapy Association. Registered Social Workers possess a Bachelor's or Master's degree in Social Work and where possible must be licensed or certified by the provincial government and/or regulatory college.
What type of therapy is right for me?
The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.
How much does therapy cost?
The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, the cost of a therapy session in Canada could be between $100 and $200. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.
What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?
Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.
If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. Some types of outpatient mental health services are covered by Medicare, provided these are performed by a licensed mental health professional in the provinces or territory you reside in and who accepts the assignment.
If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. Some types of outpatient mental health services are covered by Medicare, provided these are performed by a licensed mental health professional in the provinces or territory you reside in and who accepts the assignment.
Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?
Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.
Is online therapy a good option?
Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postal code.
Are therapy sessions confidential?
Professionals licensed by regulatory colleges and those certified by associations such as the Canadian Counselling and Psychotherapy Association are obligated to uphold client confidentiality unless there is a legal reason that requires them to disclose information. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there is the potential or known harm to the client or others, or a court order, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.