Therapists in R3M

Photo of Amelia Wolfe, Psychological Associate (candidate), MEd
Amelia Wolfe
Psychological Associate (candidate), MEd
1 Endorsed
Winnipeg, MB R3M
I am a registered Psychological Associate Candidate with the Psychological Association of Mb. I've spent over 10 years supporting the Winnipeg community in various crisis response, counseling, education, and social services roles. I work from a neurodiversity affirming perspective, and offer a non-judgmental safe space to process and creatively work through various challenges. I work with a diverse range of focuses including ADHD, Autism, OCD, anxiety, phobias, work stress, and trauma. We can set goals together and use an approach that feels comfortable for you.
I am a registered Psychological Associate Candidate with the Psychological Association of Mb. I've spent over 10 years supporting the Winnipeg community in various crisis response, counseling, education, and social services roles. I work from a neurodiversity affirming perspective, and offer a non-judgmental safe space to process and creatively work through various challenges. I work with a diverse range of focuses including ADHD, Autism, OCD, anxiety, phobias, work stress, and trauma. We can set goals together and use an approach that feels comfortable for you.
(204) 400-6199 View (204) 400-6199
Photo of Deborah Titilope Lawani, Psychiatric Nurse, RPN MSc, BScPN, CPN-Q
Deborah Titilope Lawani
Psychiatric Nurse, RPN MSc, BScPN, CPN-Q
Winnipeg, MB R3M
As a Registered Psychiatric Nurse (RPN) and a Certified Psychotherapy Nurse-Qualifying (CNP(Q), I support adults navigating anxiety, grief, trauma, burnout, relationship challenges, and life transitions. If you've spent so long caring for others that you've neglected yourself, you're not alone. I offer a warm, culturally responsive, trauma-informed, and non-judgmental space where you can feel heard and understood. Together, we'll build insight, resilience, and practical strategies to help you heal, grow, and move forward with confidence.
As a Registered Psychiatric Nurse (RPN) and a Certified Psychotherapy Nurse-Qualifying (CNP(Q), I support adults navigating anxiety, grief, trauma, burnout, relationship challenges, and life transitions. If you've spent so long caring for others that you've neglected yourself, you're not alone. I offer a warm, culturally responsive, trauma-informed, and non-judgmental space where you can feel heard and understood. Together, we'll build insight, resilience, and practical strategies to help you heal, grow, and move forward with confidence.
(431) 446-5783 View (431) 446-5783
Photo of Jewel Reimer, Registered Social Worker, MSW, RSW
Jewel Reimer
Registered Social Worker, MSW, RSW
1 Endorsed
Winnipeg, MB R3M
We all tell stories about our lives. Sometimes these stories are themed with negative beliefs about ourselves; maybe stories we have come to believe because of traumatic experiences, maybe stories that those around us believe, and maybe the environments and contexts we live in also emphasize these problem stories. If you want to explore a more hopeful story for your life, I am here to support you in the exploration and re-telling of your life story; a beautiful story that I believe already exists within you.
We all tell stories about our lives. Sometimes these stories are themed with negative beliefs about ourselves; maybe stories we have come to believe because of traumatic experiences, maybe stories that those around us believe, and maybe the environments and contexts we live in also emphasize these problem stories. If you want to explore a more hopeful story for your life, I am here to support you in the exploration and re-telling of your life story; a beautiful story that I believe already exists within you.
(204) 813-6134 View (204) 813-6134
Photo of Carmen Okhmatovski - Safe Harbour Therapy Centre, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, RSW, RD, RMT, MMFT
Safe Harbour Therapy Centre
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, RSW, RD, RMT, MMFT
Winnipeg, MB R3M
Whatever has brought you to this point has taken a toll. Life feels overwhelming, especially while others are leaning on you. Family issues, personal burdens, and troubles in the outside world pile up. It feels like too much. You’re feeling alone, and you’re not sure how you’re going to make it through. You're looking for rest and support, for resolution, and for a different way of managing everything.
Whatever has brought you to this point has taken a toll. Life feels overwhelming, especially while others are leaning on you. Family issues, personal burdens, and troubles in the outside world pile up. It feels like too much. You’re feeling alone, and you’re not sure how you’re going to make it through. You're looking for rest and support, for resolution, and for a different way of managing everything.
(204) 891-2370 View (204) 891-2370
Photo of Darek Dawda, Psychologist, PhD, CPsych
Darek Dawda
Psychologist, PhD, CPsych
5 Endorsed
Winnipeg, MB R3M
I am the Owner and Supervising Psychologist at Prairie Psychology, with over 20 years of experience as a psychotherapist and personal coach. I use evidence-based approaches that include CBT, ACT, focussing, and mindfulness. I always tailor psychotherapy to your individual needs to help you overcome your difficulties and enhance the quality of your life. The typical challenges include relationship difficulties, trauma, sleep, anxiety, depression, panic attacks, or OCD, but many clients simply seek guidance and support with everyday problems. I provide a warm and safe space for you to be you.
I am the Owner and Supervising Psychologist at Prairie Psychology, with over 20 years of experience as a psychotherapist and personal coach. I use evidence-based approaches that include CBT, ACT, focussing, and mindfulness. I always tailor psychotherapy to your individual needs to help you overcome your difficulties and enhance the quality of your life. The typical challenges include relationship difficulties, trauma, sleep, anxiety, depression, panic attacks, or OCD, but many clients simply seek guidance and support with everyday problems. I provide a warm and safe space for you to be you.
(431) 430-5023 View (431) 430-5023
Photo of Ian S Rabb, Drug & Alcohol Counsellor, OD, ICADC,, CCAC
Ian S Rabb
Drug & Alcohol Counsellor, OD, ICADC,, CCAC
Winnipeg, MB R3M
I see individuals, families, professionals, and employers who are feeling overwhelmed, emotionally exhausted, disconnected, or unsure how to move forward. Some are struggling with addiction, mental health challenges, trauma, relationship issues, grief, relapse, stress, or major life transitions, while others are simply looking for personal support, guidance, and healing. We meet people with compassion, honesty, and without judgment. Through counseling, coaching, intervention support, and family guidance, we help people reconnect with themselves, build healthier lives and relationships, and find hope, clarity, and lasting change.
I see individuals, families, professionals, and employers who are feeling overwhelmed, emotionally exhausted, disconnected, or unsure how to move forward. Some are struggling with addiction, mental health challenges, trauma, relationship issues, grief, relapse, stress, or major life transitions, while others are simply looking for personal support, guidance, and healing. We meet people with compassion, honesty, and without judgment. Through counseling, coaching, intervention support, and family guidance, we help people reconnect with themselves, build healthier lives and relationships, and find hope, clarity, and lasting change.
(204) 817-9091 View (204) 817-9091
Photo of Bree Jordan, Counsellor, BA, MA
Bree Jordan
Counsellor, BA, MA
2 Endorsed
Winnipeg, MB R3M
Are you struggling in your relationships with your parents, children, partner or friends? Do anxiety, self-blame, confusion and insecurity plague you? Everyone wrestles with something, and perfection is not a goal any of us will achieve. Bree can help you make sense of yourself, your children and your relationships with her extensive knowledge. Bree is a certified Neufeld Institute parent consultant and holds a certification for working with clients who have experienced relational, narcissistic or antagonistic abuse. Bree also facilitates courses utilizing her extensive knowledge of relationships and human development.
Are you struggling in your relationships with your parents, children, partner or friends? Do anxiety, self-blame, confusion and insecurity plague you? Everyone wrestles with something, and perfection is not a goal any of us will achieve. Bree can help you make sense of yourself, your children and your relationships with her extensive knowledge. Bree is a certified Neufeld Institute parent consultant and holds a certification for working with clients who have experienced relational, narcissistic or antagonistic abuse. Bree also facilitates courses utilizing her extensive knowledge of relationships and human development.
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Photo of Tonia Chudy, Registered Psychotherapist, MA, CCC
Tonia Chudy
Registered Psychotherapist, MA, CCC
Winnipeg, MB R3M
Therapy is a space where you don’t have to hold it all together. You don’t need to have all the answers, explain everything perfectly, or try to stay strong. You can show up exactly as you are. I offer a warm therapeutic approach grounded in evidence-based care to help you build the clarity, emotional regulation, and self-trust needed to move forward with hope and intention. Together, we’ll explore the patterns that may be getting in the way of you living a happy, fulfilled life. My goal is to create a safe, judgment-free space where you feel supported, understood, and empowered to live your best life.
Therapy is a space where you don’t have to hold it all together. You don’t need to have all the answers, explain everything perfectly, or try to stay strong. You can show up exactly as you are. I offer a warm therapeutic approach grounded in evidence-based care to help you build the clarity, emotional regulation, and self-trust needed to move forward with hope and intention. Together, we’ll explore the patterns that may be getting in the way of you living a happy, fulfilled life. My goal is to create a safe, judgment-free space where you feel supported, understood, and empowered to live your best life.
(431) 533-4900 View (431) 533-4900
Photo of Sophie Joyal, Psychiatric Nurse, BScPN, RPN
Sophie Joyal
Psychiatric Nurse, BScPN, RPN
1 Endorsed
Winnipeg, MB R3M
I am a Registered Psychiatric Nurse (RPN) passionate about helping adults and young adults develop practical, evidence-based skills to navigate life's challenges. I take a client-centered, client-led approach, which means sessions are guided by your goals and experiences. I believe clients often have many of the answers within themselves, and my role is to help guide you to those insights. Together, we explore what matters most to you and develop strategies that fit your life. I draw on CBT, DBT, ACT, and mindfulness to help clients develop coping skills, emotional regulation, and resilience they can carry into daily life.
I am a Registered Psychiatric Nurse (RPN) passionate about helping adults and young adults develop practical, evidence-based skills to navigate life's challenges. I take a client-centered, client-led approach, which means sessions are guided by your goals and experiences. I believe clients often have many of the answers within themselves, and my role is to help guide you to those insights. Together, we explore what matters most to you and develop strategies that fit your life. I draw on CBT, DBT, ACT, and mindfulness to help clients develop coping skills, emotional regulation, and resilience they can carry into daily life.
(204) 809-8761 View (204) 809-8761
Photo of Garret Froese - Elite Psychology
Elite Psychology
Verified Verified
Winnipeg, MB R3M
Is your child, struggling in academics, emotions, behaviour, attention/focus, living independently, social skills, school attendence or job-readiness skills? If yes, you're not alone - we can help.
Is your child, struggling in academics, emotions, behaviour, attention/focus, living independently, social skills, school attendence or job-readiness skills? If yes, you're not alone - we can help.
(431) 442-9873 View (431) 442-9873
Photo of C. Meera Chohan, Psychologist, Ph D , CPsych
C. Meera Chohan
Psychologist, Ph D , CPsych
Winnipeg, MB R3M
I take an insight-oriented approach and I am best suited for those who are open to reflection, feedback, and meaningful change over time.
I take an insight-oriented approach and I am best suited for those who are open to reflection, feedback, and meaningful change over time.
(431) 532-5559 View (431) 532-5559
Photo of Jane Ripley, Counsellor, MA, CCC
Jane Ripley
Counsellor, MA, CCC
1 Endorsed
Winnipeg, MB R3M
If you're struggling with depression, suicidal thoughts, anxiety, or need some guidance in your relationships or life then I'd love to start working together. I provide a psychodynamic talk therapy. I'll make suggestions and observations, provide insights, challenge you when appropriate, and support you throughout.
If you're struggling with depression, suicidal thoughts, anxiety, or need some guidance in your relationships or life then I'd love to start working together. I provide a psychodynamic talk therapy. I'll make suggestions and observations, provide insights, challenge you when appropriate, and support you throughout.
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Photo of Suzanne Braun, MMFT
Suzanne Braun
Verified Verified
Winnipeg, MB R3M
Currently Accepting ONLINE clients. Sometimes people feel stuck in a part of their life, and don't want to be. In our sessions, we will talk about where you feel stuck, figure out how you’ve been getting through so far, and what we can do together to work toward feeling less stuck. We are all shaped by our environment and experiences, and you are the expert on you. I am honoured to hear a bit about you as you determine what you want to share with me. Throughout our time together, I will check in with you to make sure that I am understanding what you want me to know, and to do therapy at a pace that feels right to you.
Currently Accepting ONLINE clients. Sometimes people feel stuck in a part of their life, and don't want to be. In our sessions, we will talk about where you feel stuck, figure out how you’ve been getting through so far, and what we can do together to work toward feeling less stuck. We are all shaped by our environment and experiences, and you are the expert on you. I am honoured to hear a bit about you as you determine what you want to share with me. Throughout our time together, I will check in with you to make sure that I am understanding what you want me to know, and to do therapy at a pace that feels right to you.
(204) 819-9523 View (204) 819-9523
Photo of Leslie Hackett, Marriage & Family Therapist, MMFT
Leslie Hackett
Marriage & Family Therapist, MMFT
7 Endorsed
Winnipeg, MB R3M
I consider it a privilege to work with people who want to make positive changes in their lives and relationships. It's natural to seek help when struggling with low mood, unhealthy habits or difficulties getting along with the people around us. Individuals might want to focus on coming to terms with unexpected change or dealing with past trauma. Couples sometimes need help communicating or understanding their relationship dynamics. These are all issues that can be dealt with in a therapeutic setting.
I consider it a privilege to work with people who want to make positive changes in their lives and relationships. It's natural to seek help when struggling with low mood, unhealthy habits or difficulties getting along with the people around us. Individuals might want to focus on coming to terms with unexpected change or dealing with past trauma. Couples sometimes need help communicating or understanding their relationship dynamics. These are all issues that can be dealt with in a therapeutic setting.
(431) 303-4564 View (431) 303-4564
Photo of Hunter Lupyrypa, Pre-Licensed Professional
Hunter Lupyrypa
Pre-Licensed Professional
1 Endorsed
Winnipeg, MB R3M
Hello and welcome! I am currently completing my Master of Arts in Counselling Psychology at Yorkville University and expect to graduate in December 2026. I approach therapy through a collaborative, strength-based lens, meeting clients where they are and supporting them on a journey of self-growth and self-discovery. I offer individual therapy in a safe, inclusive, and non-judgmental space where you are encouraged to show up as your authentic self. I believe that no past experiences, current challenges, or future fears are too big to overcome and that therapeutic work allows for self-actualization and personal alignment.
Hello and welcome! I am currently completing my Master of Arts in Counselling Psychology at Yorkville University and expect to graduate in December 2026. I approach therapy through a collaborative, strength-based lens, meeting clients where they are and supporting them on a journey of self-growth and self-discovery. I offer individual therapy in a safe, inclusive, and non-judgmental space where you are encouraged to show up as your authentic self. I believe that no past experiences, current challenges, or future fears are too big to overcome and that therapeutic work allows for self-actualization and personal alignment.
(204) 400-8233 View (204) 400-8233
Photo of Cynthia Russell, Pre-Licensed Professional
Cynthia Russell
Pre-Licensed Professional
Winnipeg, MB R3M
Welcome here, my name is Cynthia, and I am so glad you are here. I strive to create a safe, non‑judgmental space where clients can show up as their full, authentic selves. I support people navigating anxiety, depression, grief, loss, life transitions, identity shifts, and trauma, including harm caused by institutions meant to protect us. If you’re seeking support, understanding, and a place where you don’t have to carry everything alone, you’re in the right spot. I’m also in the final stages of my Master’s in Counselling Psychology and am supervised by an experienced therapist with over 20 years of practice.
Welcome here, my name is Cynthia, and I am so glad you are here. I strive to create a safe, non‑judgmental space where clients can show up as their full, authentic selves. I support people navigating anxiety, depression, grief, loss, life transitions, identity shifts, and trauma, including harm caused by institutions meant to protect us. If you’re seeking support, understanding, and a place where you don’t have to carry everything alone, you’re in the right spot. I’m also in the final stages of my Master’s in Counselling Psychology and am supervised by an experienced therapist with over 20 years of practice.
(204) 400-2702 View (204) 400-2702
Photo of Karen LeVasseur, Registered Social Worker, MSW, RSW
Karen LeVasseur
Registered Social Worker, MSW, RSW
Winnipeg, MB R3M
It takes courage to begin and commit to making changes, which is why I prioritize building a safe and validating environment for my clients. With 25 years experience as a clinical social worker, mentor, and mental health counselor, I am passionate about providing a non-judgmental space for my clients to share their experiences and work towards their goals. As a licensed practitioner in Manitoba I offer counseling and therapeutic services. Building on this expertise and clinical foundation, I also offer mentoring and coaching. Together we will determine what form of support best meets your needs.
It takes courage to begin and commit to making changes, which is why I prioritize building a safe and validating environment for my clients. With 25 years experience as a clinical social worker, mentor, and mental health counselor, I am passionate about providing a non-judgmental space for my clients to share their experiences and work towards their goals. As a licensed practitioner in Manitoba I offer counseling and therapeutic services. Building on this expertise and clinical foundation, I also offer mentoring and coaching. Together we will determine what form of support best meets your needs.
(431) 306-0915 View (431) 306-0915
Photo of Alexandra Winters, Marriage & Family Therapist, MMFT, CCC
Alexandra Winters
Marriage & Family Therapist, MMFT, CCC
2 Endorsed
Winnipeg, MB R3M
I believe in the innate goodness of all people, and that we are doing the best we can at any given time. Sometimes, the problems feel big, the hurt is too much, and we really struggle - and we might need extra support to overcome these challenges. That might look like reconnecting to our strengths, processing difficult and painful experiences, and repairing with ourselves and our loved ones. Many of my clients come to therapy for support with navigating life transitions, conflict in their relationships, wanting to better understand themselves, or feeling ready for change without knowing exactly what the end goal looks like yet.
I believe in the innate goodness of all people, and that we are doing the best we can at any given time. Sometimes, the problems feel big, the hurt is too much, and we really struggle - and we might need extra support to overcome these challenges. That might look like reconnecting to our strengths, processing difficult and painful experiences, and repairing with ourselves and our loved ones. Many of my clients come to therapy for support with navigating life transitions, conflict in their relationships, wanting to better understand themselves, or feeling ready for change without knowing exactly what the end goal looks like yet.
(431) 631-0398 View (431) 631-0398
Photo of Simeon de Schepper, Marriage & Family Therapist, BSc, MMFT
Simeon de Schepper
Marriage & Family Therapist, BSc, MMFT
1 Endorsed
Winnipeg, MB R3M
I strongly believe in client-centered therapy, trusting that the client is the expert on their own life and that my role is to offer a safe space and professional support for the client as they pursue their goals. I work with my clients to understand the motivations behind their thoughts, feelings, and actions and model a posture of empathy and curiosity towards these parts of themselves. I have worked with a wide variety of clients and issues, including families, couples, youth, anxiety, depression, ADHD, and BPD.
I strongly believe in client-centered therapy, trusting that the client is the expert on their own life and that my role is to offer a safe space and professional support for the client as they pursue their goals. I work with my clients to understand the motivations behind their thoughts, feelings, and actions and model a posture of empathy and curiosity towards these parts of themselves. I have worked with a wide variety of clients and issues, including families, couples, youth, anxiety, depression, ADHD, and BPD.
(204) 400-4206 View (204) 400-4206
Photo of Maggie Penfold, Psychologist, PhD, CPsych
Maggie Penfold
Psychologist, PhD, CPsych
Winnipeg, MB R3M
I have over ten years of experience working with adults aged 18 to 65 years with a range of mental health, physical health, and adjustment difficulties in the public health system and private practice settings. My specific areas of experience and expertise include adjustment concerns (e.g., career and life changes, etc.), anxiety (generalized anxiety, panic attacks, phobias, social anxiety), depression, emotional dysregulation, grief, insomnia, nightmares, and posttraumatic stress disorder.
I have over ten years of experience working with adults aged 18 to 65 years with a range of mental health, physical health, and adjustment difficulties in the public health system and private practice settings. My specific areas of experience and expertise include adjustment concerns (e.g., career and life changes, etc.), anxiety (generalized anxiety, panic attacks, phobias, social anxiety), depression, emotional dysregulation, grief, insomnia, nightmares, and posttraumatic stress disorder.
(204) 817-1659 View (204) 817-1659

See more therapy options for R3M

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in R3M

90+

Average cost per session

$150

Counsellors in R3M who prioritize treating:

97% Anxiety
97% Social Anxiety
97% Health Anxiety
97% Driving Anxiety
95% Depression
83% Relationship Issues
83% Self Esteem

Average years in practice

9 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

85% Blue Cross
74% Canada Life | Great-West Life
65% SunLife

How Counsellors in R3M see their clients

87% In Person and Online
13% Online Only

Gender breakdown

82% Female
17% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in R3M?

Search for nearby therapists or counsellors by inputting your city, postal code, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postal code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Most Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are certified by one of the main professional associations, mainly the Canadian Counselling and Psychotherapy Association (CCPA), and will have a Certified Canadian Counsellor (CCC) designation with their name. Social Workers listed in the directory must be registered members of the college specific to their province. To be listed in the directory, Psychologists must be registered with the psychological college specific to their province or territory.

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given the considerable variation in professional regulation and prerequisites across Canadian provinces, some providers may possess significant professional qualifications without necessarily holding professional memberships or being obliged to acquire them. As a result, they may be selectively included without the "Verified" seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Psychologists, counsellors, psychotherapists and social workers can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and supervised, practical experience that enable them to do so in Canada.

Psychologists have a master's and/or doctoral degree and have passed both written and oral exams. Psychologists are able to complete mental health assessments and provide diagnostic information to clients as well as provide counselling therapy or psychotherapy. Counsellors and psychotherapists are expected to have a master's or doctoral degree in counselling psychology, social work, or a related mental health discipline and certification by a professional association, such as the Canadian Counselling and Psychotherapy Association. Registered Social Workers possess a Bachelor's or Master's degree in Social Work and where possible must be licensed or certified by the provincial government and/or regulatory college.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, the cost of a therapy session in Canada could be between $100 and $200. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. Some types of outpatient mental health services are covered by Medicare, provided these are performed by a licensed mental health professional in the provinces or territory you reside in and who accepts the assignment.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postal code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Professionals licensed by regulatory colleges and those certified by associations such as the Canadian Counselling and Psychotherapy Association are obligated to uphold client confidentiality unless there is a legal reason that requires them to disclose information. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there is the potential or known harm to the client or others, or a court order, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.