Photo of Cath Baker, Counsellor
Cath Baker
Counsellor
Verified Verified
Online Only
Transformative counsellor and coach, helping to unlock potential. Helping Individuals, ADHD Coaching, Couples/Relationships, Teams and Business Coaching. I can help with a wide range of challenges and focus on how you can use your Strengths and reach your goals.
Transformative counsellor and coach, helping to unlock potential. Helping Individuals, ADHD Coaching, Couples/Relationships, Teams and Business Coaching. I can help with a wide range of challenges and focus on how you can use your Strengths and reach your goals.
(02) 9909 6118 View (02) 9909 6118
Photo of Clare Elizabeth Filmer-Ramsay - M2M Counselling, Counsellor, ACA-L2
M2M Counselling
Counsellor, ACA-L2
Verified Verified
Frenchs Forest, NSW 2086
Hi I'm Clare. I am currently taking new clients. I focus on clients experiencing anxiety, stress, addiction, grief, feelings of low self-worth and depression. I practice within a DBT framework, using a person centred approach. I help clients re-frame their emotional experiences working with Emotion Focused Individual Therapy, motivational interviewing, and CBT. Focusing on being present, communicating effectively and regulating emotions, clients are able to make informed choices regarding their emotions, actions, and behaviours. This leads to increased motivation, positive self-worth, and improved relationships with self and others.
Hi I'm Clare. I am currently taking new clients. I focus on clients experiencing anxiety, stress, addiction, grief, feelings of low self-worth and depression. I practice within a DBT framework, using a person centred approach. I help clients re-frame their emotional experiences working with Emotion Focused Individual Therapy, motivational interviewing, and CBT. Focusing on being present, communicating effectively and regulating emotions, clients are able to make informed choices regarding their emotions, actions, and behaviours. This leads to increased motivation, positive self-worth, and improved relationships with self and others.
(02) 9909 6174 View (02) 9909 6174
Photo of Tanja Rose Limnios - Thinkahead, Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
Thinkahead
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
Frenchs Forest, NSW 2086
Are you suffering a mental health condition and need support? Are you struggling dealing with your childs behaviour or simply need an assessment for learning difficulties/ADHD/ASD? You may simply be feeling a little lost with little direction and clarity. If this is you, then make a change today and reach out and speak to one of our clinicians. We use a multidisciplinary approach and have a team of Psychologists, Occupational Therapist, Behaviour Therapists, Speech Pathologists, Art Therapists, Learning/ Remedial Support Teachers, Physiotherapists. We see NDIS, Medicare, WC, VS, EAP clients
Are you suffering a mental health condition and need support? Are you struggling dealing with your childs behaviour or simply need an assessment for learning difficulties/ADHD/ASD? You may simply be feeling a little lost with little direction and clarity. If this is you, then make a change today and reach out and speak to one of our clinicians. We use a multidisciplinary approach and have a team of Psychologists, Occupational Therapist, Behaviour Therapists, Speech Pathologists, Art Therapists, Learning/ Remedial Support Teachers, Physiotherapists. We see NDIS, Medicare, WC, VS, EAP clients
(02) 9053 4507 View (02) 9053 4507
Photo of Kim Ambor, Psychologist, MSc, PsyBA General
Kim Ambor
Psychologist, MSc, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Frenchs Forest, NSW 2086
I work with a range of clients as I have 3 main specialities: I work with couples and families (Gottman therapist) I help WorkCover clients (SIRA accredited) I help clients who have had trauma or health related issues (EMDR)
I work with a range of clients as I have 3 main specialities: I work with couples and families (Gottman therapist) I help WorkCover clients (SIRA accredited) I help clients who have had trauma or health related issues (EMDR)
(02) 9100 0330 View (02) 9100 0330
Photo of Aaron Skilton, Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
Aaron Skilton
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
Frenchs Forest, NSW 2086
I am a psychologist and clinical psychology registrar with immediate availability to begin treatment. I have broad experience in child and adult mental health and have worked in multiple treatment settings - the Centre for Emotional Health (child anxiety), St Vincent’s Hospital (adult anxiety, OCD, phobia, panic attacks, social anxiety), Westmead Children's Hospital (chronic illness, chronic pain), and the Sydney University Clinic (adult anxiety, depression, ADHD, family therapy). I am currently at Northern Beaches Hospital where I run in/outpatient group therapy programs, conduct assessments, and participate in clinical research.
I am a psychologist and clinical psychology registrar with immediate availability to begin treatment. I have broad experience in child and adult mental health and have worked in multiple treatment settings - the Centre for Emotional Health (child anxiety), St Vincent’s Hospital (adult anxiety, OCD, phobia, panic attacks, social anxiety), Westmead Children's Hospital (chronic illness, chronic pain), and the Sydney University Clinic (adult anxiety, depression, ADHD, family therapy). I am currently at Northern Beaches Hospital where I run in/outpatient group therapy programs, conduct assessments, and participate in clinical research.
(02) 8403 0826 View (02) 8403 0826
Photo of Dr Hannah Glassman, Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
Dr Hannah Glassman
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
Frenchs Forest, NSW 2086
Hannah is a warm, compassionate, and dedicated Psychologist and Clinical Psychology Registrar registered with the Psychology Board of Australia. She has a special interest in working with adolescents and adults who have concerns with anxiety, mood, relationship difficulties, general life transitions and stressors, self-esteem, work-related stress, or addictions. Hannah also works with parents seeking support for difficulties managing anxiety, emotion dysregulation, non-compliance and other challenging child behaviours.
Hannah is a warm, compassionate, and dedicated Psychologist and Clinical Psychology Registrar registered with the Psychology Board of Australia. She has a special interest in working with adolescents and adults who have concerns with anxiety, mood, relationship difficulties, general life transitions and stressors, self-esteem, work-related stress, or addictions. Hannah also works with parents seeking support for difficulties managing anxiety, emotion dysregulation, non-compliance and other challenging child behaviours.
(02) 8403 2183 View (02) 8403 2183
Photo of Kit Pope (Wild Precious Therapy), Psychotherapist, PACFA
Kit Pope (Wild Precious Therapy)
Psychotherapist, PACFA
Verified Verified
Frenchs Forest, NSW 2086
Therapy unique to you. As an Integrative therapist, I’m trained and experienced in a range of well-researched therapy styles. I take great care to truly understand and respect your individuality and unique experience and tailor an approach to suit your needs and preferences. I find out how you want to work together so you feel heard, seen and valued, always supported and where you'd find it helpful, challenged with care and from the basis of a trusting relationship. We always work at your pace. You'll know I believe in you and you can be your real self without judgement or expectation.
Therapy unique to you. As an Integrative therapist, I’m trained and experienced in a range of well-researched therapy styles. I take great care to truly understand and respect your individuality and unique experience and tailor an approach to suit your needs and preferences. I find out how you want to work together so you feel heard, seen and valued, always supported and where you'd find it helpful, challenged with care and from the basis of a trusting relationship. We always work at your pace. You'll know I believe in you and you can be your real self without judgement or expectation.
(02) 8403 1797 View (02) 8403 1797
Photo of Isabel Alfonso, Psychologist, PsyBA General
Isabel Alfonso
Psychologist, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
Frenchs Forest, NSW 2086
I am a psychologist with a special interest in anxiety. My approach is flexible and tailored your needs and preferences. I combine practical cognitive and behavioural strategies with Focusing, an evidence-based somatic therapy to generate more profound shifts.
I am a psychologist with a special interest in anxiety. My approach is flexible and tailored your needs and preferences. I combine practical cognitive and behavioural strategies with Focusing, an evidence-based somatic therapy to generate more profound shifts.
(02) 8403 2981 View (02) 8403 2981
Photo of Amanda Westphal, Counsellor, ACA-L2
Amanda Westphal
Counsellor, ACA-L2
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Frenchs Forest, NSW 2086
I’m Australia’s leading PMDD counsellor, dedicated to helping women navigate the complexities of pre-menstrual disorders. With a deep understanding of PMDD from my own lived experience, I offer practical strategies and compassionate support to help you manage your symptoms effectively. Alongside one-on-one counselling, I also offer Support Circle Group Therapy, a safe and understanding space where women with PMDD can connect, share experiences,
I’m Australia’s leading PMDD counsellor, dedicated to helping women navigate the complexities of pre-menstrual disorders. With a deep understanding of PMDD from my own lived experience, I offer practical strategies and compassionate support to help you manage your symptoms effectively. Alongside one-on-one counselling, I also offer Support Circle Group Therapy, a safe and understanding space where women with PMDD can connect, share experiences,
(02) 6189 2773 View (02) 6189 2773
Photo of Lisa Butler, Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
Lisa Butler
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Frenchs Forest, NSW 2086
I work with adults, helping them to cope with a range of stressful situations and the ups and downs of everyday life. This could include coping with depression, stress, anxiety, loss, family conflict, fears, career or work problems, emotional distress or relationship difficulties. I also provide trauma counselling, using a range of strategies including EMDR. I find most people are looking for help to improve their well-being, make difficult life decisions, improve relationships with others, and overcome psychological and other hurdles in life.
I work with adults, helping them to cope with a range of stressful situations and the ups and downs of everyday life. This could include coping with depression, stress, anxiety, loss, family conflict, fears, career or work problems, emotional distress or relationship difficulties. I also provide trauma counselling, using a range of strategies including EMDR. I find most people are looking for help to improve their well-being, make difficult life decisions, improve relationships with others, and overcome psychological and other hurdles in life.
(02) 9453 3474 View (02) 9453 3474
Photo of Martina Link - Balance your Life Counselling - Martina Link, Counsellor, ACA-L1
Balance your Life Counselling - Martina Link
Counsellor, ACA-L1
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Serves Area
Life can be overwhelming, especially when facing challenges like chronic illness, loss & grief, interpersonal relationship issues and general emotional distress. You don’t have to navigate these difficulties alone. My approach is rooted in understanding and empathy, helping you find the strength to overcome obstacles and achieve a positive outlook. Together, we will explore solutions that empower you to move forward, fostering personal growth and resilience. With a deep understanding of the complex emotions and struggles you’re experiencing, I am here to support you every step of the way, guiding you toward a fulfilling future.
Life can be overwhelming, especially when facing challenges like chronic illness, loss & grief, interpersonal relationship issues and general emotional distress. You don’t have to navigate these difficulties alone. My approach is rooted in understanding and empathy, helping you find the strength to overcome obstacles and achieve a positive outlook. Together, we will explore solutions that empower you to move forward, fostering personal growth and resilience. With a deep understanding of the complex emotions and struggles you’re experiencing, I am here to support you every step of the way, guiding you toward a fulfilling future.
(02) 8403 1165 View (02) 8403 1165
Photo of Emma Pratt, Psychologist, MA, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Emma Pratt
Psychologist, MA, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Verified Verified
Serves Area
Offering Autism and ADHD Assessments for adults. My life's mission is deeply rooted in supporting adults who suspect they are Autistic and/or ADHD, and who often find themselves hindered by various challenges. I am committed to creating spaces where they feel safe, genuinely supported, and validated across all facets of their lives. My ultimate goal is to guide my clients towards a life that transcends mere survival, empowering them to imagine and start living a truly thriving life. Together, we embark on a journey of exploration, discovery, and growth, navigating the challenges and embracing the opportunities that come our way.
Offering Autism and ADHD Assessments for adults. My life's mission is deeply rooted in supporting adults who suspect they are Autistic and/or ADHD, and who often find themselves hindered by various challenges. I am committed to creating spaces where they feel safe, genuinely supported, and validated across all facets of their lives. My ultimate goal is to guide my clients towards a life that transcends mere survival, empowering them to imagine and start living a truly thriving life. Together, we embark on a journey of exploration, discovery, and growth, navigating the challenges and embracing the opportunities that come our way.
0448 506 575 View 0448 506 575
Photo of Rachel Anenberg, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Rachel Anenberg
Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Verified Verified
Online Only
It's not about the diagnosis, it's about the process. Spiritual psychotherapy with a qualified mental health professional. Unhealed memories, experiences, and challenges can gather and block us, locking in anger, fears, depression, anxiety, even shame. These are incomplete pain points. I can help you resolve these pain points so that you can enjoy natural happiness. Complimentary initial consultation: www.flowerriver.life/bookings
It's not about the diagnosis, it's about the process. Spiritual psychotherapy with a qualified mental health professional. Unhealed memories, experiences, and challenges can gather and block us, locking in anger, fears, depression, anxiety, even shame. These are incomplete pain points. I can help you resolve these pain points so that you can enjoy natural happiness. Complimentary initial consultation: www.flowerriver.life/bookings
(02) 8403 2469 View (02) 8403 2469
Photo of Dr Natalie Lynette Phillips - Beaches Brain Clinic, Psychologist, PhD, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Beaches Brain Clinic
Psychologist, PhD, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Verified Verified
Serves Area
Psychological and Neuropsychological Testing Clinic located on the Northern Beaches of Sydney, New South Wales. We specialise in comprehensive neuropsychological assessments and diagnostic evaluations for common neuodevelopmental and neurological disorders.
Psychological and Neuropsychological Testing Clinic located on the Northern Beaches of Sydney, New South Wales. We specialise in comprehensive neuropsychological assessments and diagnostic evaluations for common neuodevelopmental and neurological disorders.
(02) 9909 6138 View (02) 9909 6138
Photo of Wendy Corliss Individual And Couple Therapist, Psychotherapist, MSc, ANZAP Graduate
Wendy Corliss Individual And Couple Therapist
Psychotherapist, MSc, ANZAP Graduate
Verified Verified
Serves Area
I am a calm, compassionate, and non-judgmental individual and couple therapist. I work to develop relationships of deep trust and understanding with you. I have a great deal of experience helping people overcome complex and persistent problems. I will never give up on you. I will hold the hope for you even if you are feeling discouraged or hopeless. As a nurse practitioner as well as a psychotherapist, I can prescribe psychotropic medication if needed. I can provide medicare rebates for every session because I am also a nurse practitioner.
I am a calm, compassionate, and non-judgmental individual and couple therapist. I work to develop relationships of deep trust and understanding with you. I have a great deal of experience helping people overcome complex and persistent problems. I will never give up on you. I will hold the hope for you even if you are feeling discouraged or hopeless. As a nurse practitioner as well as a psychotherapist, I can prescribe psychotropic medication if needed. I can provide medicare rebates for every session because I am also a nurse practitioner.
(02) 9158 6638 View (02) 9158 6638
Photo of Reuben McIntyre - Better Counselling Practice, Counsellor, ACA-L1
Better Counselling Practice
Counsellor, ACA-L1
Verified Verified
Serves Area
Introducing better. counselling that moves you forward. Get accessible and personalised counselling, in-person or from the comfort of your home. An accredited counsellor with the Australian Counselling Association (ACA), Reuben has over 25 years of experience counselling, leading and mentoring individuals, couples, and families. Reuben has been married for 27 years, has 3 adult children and is passionate about helping people through the difficult phases of life. He has also started, lead, and sold businesses and Not For Profit organisations. He loves to help people set goals and then move forward with a collaborative approach.
Introducing better. counselling that moves you forward. Get accessible and personalised counselling, in-person or from the comfort of your home. An accredited counsellor with the Australian Counselling Association (ACA), Reuben has over 25 years of experience counselling, leading and mentoring individuals, couples, and families. Reuben has been married for 27 years, has 3 adult children and is passionate about helping people through the difficult phases of life. He has also started, lead, and sold businesses and Not For Profit organisations. He loves to help people set goals and then move forward with a collaborative approach.
(02) 9929 8085 View (02) 9929 8085
Photo of Hannah Myall, Psychologist, MSc, PsyBA General
Hannah Myall
Psychologist, MSc, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
Serves Area
Hannah specialises in working with individuals of all ages with Eating Disorders to achieve full recovery. This includes Anorexia, Bulimia, Binge Eating, Orthorexia, disordered eating, body image concerns and related issues. Hannah also offers support and guidance to parents, carers and families of those struggling with an eating disorder. Hannah, who has also recovered from an eating disorder believes that full recovery is possible with the right support and guidance to help you feel like you are not alone in your struggles.
Hannah specialises in working with individuals of all ages with Eating Disorders to achieve full recovery. This includes Anorexia, Bulimia, Binge Eating, Orthorexia, disordered eating, body image concerns and related issues. Hannah also offers support and guidance to parents, carers and families of those struggling with an eating disorder. Hannah, who has also recovered from an eating disorder believes that full recovery is possible with the right support and guidance to help you feel like you are not alone in your struggles.
(02) 9100 0047 View (02) 9100 0047
Photo of Veerle van Weelden - Van Weelden Therapy, Counsellor, PACFA
Van Weelden Therapy
Counsellor, PACFA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
Do you sense that something within you is ready to shift? Healing begins with noticing that desire for change – and I am here to help you explore it. If you have felt stuck in anxiety, depression, relationship issues, or if you battle with addiction, know that you don’t have to navigate it alone. My integrative and compassionate approach provides a safe, non-judgmental space where you can explore the different parts of yourself, gently process past pain and trauma, and move toward greater balance and well-being.
Do you sense that something within you is ready to shift? Healing begins with noticing that desire for change – and I am here to help you explore it. If you have felt stuck in anxiety, depression, relationship issues, or if you battle with addiction, know that you don’t have to navigate it alone. My integrative and compassionate approach provides a safe, non-judgmental space where you can explore the different parts of yourself, gently process past pain and trauma, and move toward greater balance and well-being.
(02) 8403 2961 View (02) 8403 2961
Photo of Dorian Richards - Dorian Richards Consultant Psychologist, Psychologist, MPsych
Dorian Richards Consultant Psychologist
Psychologist, MPsych
Verified Verified
Serves Area
Dorian is an experienced, caring, and understanding male Psychologist providing counselling support for a wide range of personal, relationship, and psychological issues. Dorian is located in Brookvale on Sydney’s Northern Beaches. Please contact Dorian for appointments, enquiries, or to make a referral for Psychological support. AHPRA Registered Psychologist; Member Australian Psychological Society; Assoc. Member College of Counselling Psychologists; Medicare Provider 5042532T.
Dorian is an experienced, caring, and understanding male Psychologist providing counselling support for a wide range of personal, relationship, and psychological issues. Dorian is located in Brookvale on Sydney’s Northern Beaches. Please contact Dorian for appointments, enquiries, or to make a referral for Psychological support. AHPRA Registered Psychologist; Member Australian Psychological Society; Assoc. Member College of Counselling Psychologists; Medicare Provider 5042532T.
(02) 8355 9794 View (02) 8355 9794
Photo of Christina Comely, Psychologist, PsyBA General
Christina Comely
Psychologist, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
I am a psychologist working on the Northern Beaches in Sydney. I offer CBT based therapy including BULK BILLING with a Mental Health Plan from a GP for clients on CentreLink or otherwise financially limited. I also offer Religiously integrated CBT(RCBT) for clients who have a Christian or Jewish faith and want to use it as a strength in therapy. I have extensive experience with mental health issues, alcohol and other drug addictions, depression and anxiety. See Fb @SetFreePsychology for more.
I am a psychologist working on the Northern Beaches in Sydney. I offer CBT based therapy including BULK BILLING with a Mental Health Plan from a GP for clients on CentreLink or otherwise financially limited. I also offer Religiously integrated CBT(RCBT) for clients who have a Christian or Jewish faith and want to use it as a strength in therapy. I have extensive experience with mental health issues, alcohol and other drug addictions, depression and anxiety. See Fb @SetFreePsychology for more.
(02) 9158 6630 View (02) 9158 6630
1

See more therapy options for 2086

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in 2086

30+

Average cost per session

$185

Counsellors in 2086 who prioritize treating:

94% Depression
94% Anxiety
84% Stress
81% Self Esteem
78% Relationship Issues
69% Coping Skills
66% Life Transitions

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

71% Medicare Rebates
53% Bupa
47% Medibank Private

How Counsellors in 2086 see their clients

94% In Person and Online
6% Online Only

Gender breakdown

91% Female
9% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in 2086?

Search for nearby psychologists or counsellors by inputting your city, suburb, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the Australian Counselling Association and the Psychotherapy and Counselling Federation of Australia. Psychologists must be registered in the Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency (AHPRA). Most Social Workers listed in the directory are members of the Australian Association of Social Workers (AASW).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for social workers, psychotherapists and counsellors in Australia, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in Australia.

Psychologists have earned a 4 year undergraduate degree in psychology and have completed a postgraduate internship or postgraduate degree. Psychotherapists generally have an undergraduate degree in a health related field in addition to 3-4 years of specialist training in psychotherapy and a period of personal psychotherapy. In order to belong to a professional organisation such as the ACA or PACFA, counsellors and psychotherapists are required to have completed a certain level of AQF qualifications and/ or an approved training course as well as clinical and supervision hours. Social Workers registered with the AASW are required to have a Bachelor’s or Master’s degree in Social Work from an accredited institution.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, the cost of a therapy session in Australia could be between $100 and $250. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The Better Access Scheme is a government program offering Medicare rebates for mental health care. To access the program you will need to be assessed and diagnosed by your GP and get a Mental Health Plan. This will allow you to receive up to 10 individual sessions and 10 group sessions a year with practitioners who accept bulk billing, with no out of pocket costs for you.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the ACA, PACFA, or the APS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there is the potential or known harm to the client or others or when a minor is in danger, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.