Therapists in Roslyn, NY

Photo of Amy Pepper, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Amy Pepper
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Roslyn, NY 11576
Navigating pivotal life changes, grappling with family trauma, managing addictions, or processing grief are common challenges faced by the individuals I work with. They need a supportive environment to openly explore their emotions and thoughts, and they seek practical strategies to manage and overcome their challenges. Their primary goals include achieving emotional stability, enhancing personal relationships, and fostering personal and professional growth. They aspire to understand themselves better, make informed decisions aligned with their values, and develop fortitude to handle future challenges with greater independence.
Navigating pivotal life changes, grappling with family trauma, managing addictions, or processing grief are common challenges faced by the individuals I work with. They need a supportive environment to openly explore their emotions and thoughts, and they seek practical strategies to manage and overcome their challenges. Their primary goals include achieving emotional stability, enhancing personal relationships, and fostering personal and professional growth. They aspire to understand themselves better, make informed decisions aligned with their values, and develop fortitude to handle future challenges with greater independence.
(516) 979-2607 View (516) 979-2607
Malka Ismach
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Roslyn, NY 11576
I am a Certified School Psychologist and Licensed Psychologist who has experience working in multiple school, agency and clinical settings. I have been trained in Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT), play therapy, and parent training. I come with experience and skill in assessing and treating a full range of mental health challenges.
I am a Certified School Psychologist and Licensed Psychologist who has experience working in multiple school, agency and clinical settings. I have been trained in Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT), play therapy, and parent training. I come with experience and skill in assessing and treating a full range of mental health challenges.
(646) 783-0552 View (646) 783-0552
Photo of Jeremy Skow, LMHC, MBA, Counselor
Jeremy Skow
Counselor, LMHC, MBA
Verified Verified
Roslyn, NY 11576
I specialize in emotional disturbances, low self-esteem, relationship issues and video game addiction. Whether you need open-ended therapy emphasizing self-exploration and personal growth or a more focused approach, my aim is to provide an environment that is validating, non-judgmental, and genuine, while at the same time encourage effective change. I strive to facilitate an experience that helps clients: reduce suffering, develop the skills they need, and create a sense of meaning in their lives. I can help provide a supportive, non-judgmental setting for success or a push to help you confront your current life issues.
I specialize in emotional disturbances, low self-esteem, relationship issues and video game addiction. Whether you need open-ended therapy emphasizing self-exploration and personal growth or a more focused approach, my aim is to provide an environment that is validating, non-judgmental, and genuine, while at the same time encourage effective change. I strive to facilitate an experience that helps clients: reduce suffering, develop the skills they need, and create a sense of meaning in their lives. I can help provide a supportive, non-judgmental setting for success or a push to help you confront your current life issues.
(516) 730-9849 View (516) 730-9849
Photo of Isaac Zur, PhD, LMHC, CMPC
Isaac Zur
Mental Health Counselor, PhD, LMHC, CMPC
Verified Verified
Roslyn, NY 11576
I work with individuals who feel overwhelmed by stress—personal, work-related, or due to life’s challenges—helping them regain a healthy mindset and overall well-being. If you're struggling to manage anxious thoughts or feel out of balance, I provide a space to help you reset, find motivation, and regain control of your life. I also work with couples looking to strengthen their connection and navigate relationship challenges. Using psychotherapy approaches such as CBT, client-centered therapy, motivational interviewing, and biofeedback, we’ll work together to address your unique needs and help you feel more grounded.
I work with individuals who feel overwhelmed by stress—personal, work-related, or due to life’s challenges—helping them regain a healthy mindset and overall well-being. If you're struggling to manage anxious thoughts or feel out of balance, I provide a space to help you reset, find motivation, and regain control of your life. I also work with couples looking to strengthen their connection and navigate relationship challenges. Using psychotherapy approaches such as CBT, client-centered therapy, motivational interviewing, and biofeedback, we’ll work together to address your unique needs and help you feel more grounded.
(718) 400-6946 View (718) 400-6946
Photo of Alan Pine, MS, LMHC, CGP, Counselor
Alan Pine
Counselor, MS, LMHC, CGP
Verified Verified
Roslyn, NY 11576
I enjoy working with a variety of clients. I believe that given the right relationship, motivation, and a desire for change, growth can occur. I have a lot of empathy for individuals who are feeling sad and are finding it diffcult to find happiness and satisfaction in their lives. It gives me great joy to experience growth in the clients I work with and resurgence of positive energy in fulfilling of life goals.
I enjoy working with a variety of clients. I believe that given the right relationship, motivation, and a desire for change, growth can occur. I have a lot of empathy for individuals who are feeling sad and are finding it diffcult to find happiness and satisfaction in their lives. It gives me great joy to experience growth in the clients I work with and resurgence of positive energy in fulfilling of life goals.
(516) 336-9984 View (516) 336-9984
Photo of Nicole Heitler, PsyD, Psychologist
Nicole Heitler
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Roslyn, NY 11576  (Online Only)
Feeling down, overwhelmed or anxious? Having trouble coping with life's stressors? You've come to the right place. I work from a cognitive-behavioral perspective and my goal is to help you make positive changes that will improve your overall functioning and get you to live a fuller and healthier life. In our meetings, I will teach you skills and strategies specific to improving mood, reducing or eliminating problematic behaviors and modifying negative thinking.
Feeling down, overwhelmed or anxious? Having trouble coping with life's stressors? You've come to the right place. I work from a cognitive-behavioral perspective and my goal is to help you make positive changes that will improve your overall functioning and get you to live a fuller and healthier life. In our meetings, I will teach you skills and strategies specific to improving mood, reducing or eliminating problematic behaviors and modifying negative thinking.
(917) 957-0899 View (917) 957-0899
Photo of Ivy L. Giller, LCSW, BCD, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Ivy L. Giller
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, BCD
Verified Verified
Roslyn, NY 11576  (Online Only)
I have been in practice for over 25-years treating individuals, couples, and families. I believe In therapy, as in life, one size does not fit all. I recognize the importance of individualizing treatment to the needs of each person I meet. With compassion and patience, I offer support while striving to motivate clients to broaden their coping skills so they can reach their maximum potential. My client-centered approach draws on psychodynamic, cognitive-behavioral, and family systems techniques as well as building mindfulness skills.
I have been in practice for over 25-years treating individuals, couples, and families. I believe In therapy, as in life, one size does not fit all. I recognize the importance of individualizing treatment to the needs of each person I meet. With compassion and patience, I offer support while striving to motivate clients to broaden their coping skills so they can reach their maximum potential. My client-centered approach draws on psychodynamic, cognitive-behavioral, and family systems techniques as well as building mindfulness skills.
(516) 321-4911 View (516) 321-4911
Photo of Lori Pietrafesa, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Lori Pietrafesa
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Roslyn, NY 11576
I provide psychotherapy to children. adolescents and adults. I have worked as a school social worker for more than 20 years. My specialties include trauma, bereavement, school problems, anxiety, school refusal and mood disorders. I employ strength based therapies, mindfulness and cognitive behavioral therapy.
I provide psychotherapy to children. adolescents and adults. I have worked as a school social worker for more than 20 years. My specialties include trauma, bereavement, school problems, anxiety, school refusal and mood disorders. I employ strength based therapies, mindfulness and cognitive behavioral therapy.
(516) 714-4009 View (516) 714-4009
Photo of Harold Brickman, LCSW, RCSW, CSW, MSW, CHT, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Harold Brickman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, RCSW, CSW, MSW, CHT
Verified Verified
Roslyn, NY 11576
Hal specializes in Infidelity Recovery. His down to earth wisdom has helped hundreds of couples inject trust back into their breaking or broken relationships. Whether it’s trust or a regaining of intimacy and healthy communication. Hal steers couples back on course to meet those goals. Give yourself space. Time to reflect on matters. Connecting to what matters. Realizing that you matter. Your partner matters. Your relationship matters. You decide to make a pact with your partner. One of you is going to find professional help. For the two of you in the form of couples counseling.
Hal specializes in Infidelity Recovery. His down to earth wisdom has helped hundreds of couples inject trust back into their breaking or broken relationships. Whether it’s trust or a regaining of intimacy and healthy communication. Hal steers couples back on course to meet those goals. Give yourself space. Time to reflect on matters. Connecting to what matters. Realizing that you matter. Your partner matters. Your relationship matters. You decide to make a pact with your partner. One of you is going to find professional help. For the two of you in the form of couples counseling.
(516) 563-4942 View (516) 563-4942
Photo of Amanda Lytle, PsyD, Psychologist
Amanda Lytle
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Roslyn, NY 11576  (Online Only)
I am a licensed clinical psychologist with training and expertise in both Cognitive Behavior Therapy as well as psychodynamic treatment. I work with young adults and adults and have expertise treating patients with depression, anxiety, PTSD, compulsive and addictive behaviors. I have specialized training in various evidence based treatments for trauma such as Prolonged Exposure (PE), Cognitive Processing Therapy (CPT) and Skills and Training in Affective and Interpersonal Relationships (STAIR). I hope to help patients learn effective ways to cope with stress, manage difficult emotions and communicate well with others.
I am a licensed clinical psychologist with training and expertise in both Cognitive Behavior Therapy as well as psychodynamic treatment. I work with young adults and adults and have expertise treating patients with depression, anxiety, PTSD, compulsive and addictive behaviors. I have specialized training in various evidence based treatments for trauma such as Prolonged Exposure (PE), Cognitive Processing Therapy (CPT) and Skills and Training in Affective and Interpersonal Relationships (STAIR). I hope to help patients learn effective ways to cope with stress, manage difficult emotions and communicate well with others.
(516) 217-1621 View (516) 217-1621
Photo of Harriet Siegel Chertok, LMHC, NCC, MS, MA, Counselor
Harriet Siegel Chertok
Counselor, LMHC, NCC, MS, MA
Verified Verified
Roslyn, NY 11576  (Online Only)
I have dedicated my career to making a positive impact on the lives of children, adolescents, adults, and their families. Through my diverse work experience, first as a special education teacher and now as psychotherapist I have witnessed first hand the struggles of families and individuals of all ages, facing a wide array of issues including, among others, depression, anxiety, ADHD and substance abuse. Through counseling, I work together with clients to identify and understand the source and nature of the challenges they face and to help them formulate effective solutions to such challenges.
I have dedicated my career to making a positive impact on the lives of children, adolescents, adults, and their families. Through my diverse work experience, first as a special education teacher and now as psychotherapist I have witnessed first hand the struggles of families and individuals of all ages, facing a wide array of issues including, among others, depression, anxiety, ADHD and substance abuse. Through counseling, I work together with clients to identify and understand the source and nature of the challenges they face and to help them formulate effective solutions to such challenges.
(516) 714-5688 View (516) 714-5688
Photo of Lydia Seggev, PhD, Psychologist
Lydia Seggev
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Roslyn, NY 11576  (Online Only)
I have dreamed of being a Psychologist since I was 16 years old. It took me a while to be good at my work and it paid off. Remembering the people whom I have helped have a better, happier and more prosperous life is my reward. The children I have come to visit me as adults, and thanked me for my help; couples came with their newborns, and so on. My method of practice is interractional/psychodynamic and child play therapy.
I have dreamed of being a Psychologist since I was 16 years old. It took me a while to be good at my work and it paid off. Remembering the people whom I have helped have a better, happier and more prosperous life is my reward. The children I have come to visit me as adults, and thanked me for my help; couples came with their newborns, and so on. My method of practice is interractional/psychodynamic and child play therapy.
(516) 324-4250 View (516) 324-4250
Photo of David Todd Goldberg, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
David Todd Goldberg
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Roslyn, NY 11576
Hi. My name is David Goldberg, LCSW. I have 19 years of experience working with patients in an outpatient psychiatry setting as well as school health. I have worked with individuals who have chronic mental health issues including depression, anxiety disorders, adjustment disorder, adhd, bipolar disorder, psychosis, personality disorders as well as co occurring disorders. I am passionate about helping others make changes and improve their lives through support and guidance. I provide a safe therapeutic environment for my patients where they can feel comfortable expressing their innermost thoughts and feelings without being judged.
Hi. My name is David Goldberg, LCSW. I have 19 years of experience working with patients in an outpatient psychiatry setting as well as school health. I have worked with individuals who have chronic mental health issues including depression, anxiety disorders, adjustment disorder, adhd, bipolar disorder, psychosis, personality disorders as well as co occurring disorders. I am passionate about helping others make changes and improve their lives through support and guidance. I provide a safe therapeutic environment for my patients where they can feel comfortable expressing their innermost thoughts and feelings without being judged.
(516) 604-3453 View (516) 604-3453
Photo of Megan L. Nolan, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Megan L. Nolan
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Roslyn, NY 11576
I offer treatment for a broad array of diagnostic categories that is centered on treating the whole person. Sessions often focus on behaviors, thoughts, feelings and ways of interacting that individuals repeat in spite of a wish to behave differently. Areas of expertise include individuals, (adults and teens) couples, families and groups. Our work together may include interpersonal and relationship issues at work, home and school. I specialize in grief and complicated grief as well as anxiety, anger, depression and other mood disorders.
I offer treatment for a broad array of diagnostic categories that is centered on treating the whole person. Sessions often focus on behaviors, thoughts, feelings and ways of interacting that individuals repeat in spite of a wish to behave differently. Areas of expertise include individuals, (adults and teens) couples, families and groups. Our work together may include interpersonal and relationship issues at work, home and school. I specialize in grief and complicated grief as well as anxiety, anger, depression and other mood disorders.
(516) 844-0177 View (516) 844-0177
Photo of Lonnie Fox, LCSW
Lonnie Fox
Licensed Master Social Worker, LCSW
Verified Verified
Roslyn, NY 11576
My name is Lonnie Fox and I am a clinical social worker. I received my Masters Degree from NYU, and have 10+ years experience providing therapy and counseling to adolescents, adults and older adults. I have worked with these populations in community centers, mental health clinics and adult day programs focusing on dementia care. My career experience has evolved to include other adulthood transitionary times, such as graduations, new relationships, career changes and motherhood. I am a big supporter of meeting clients where they are at in order to best understand and cope with these times of transitions.
My name is Lonnie Fox and I am a clinical social worker. I received my Masters Degree from NYU, and have 10+ years experience providing therapy and counseling to adolescents, adults and older adults. I have worked with these populations in community centers, mental health clinics and adult day programs focusing on dementia care. My career experience has evolved to include other adulthood transitionary times, such as graduations, new relationships, career changes and motherhood. I am a big supporter of meeting clients where they are at in order to best understand and cope with these times of transitions.
(516) 518-6967 View (516) 518-6967
Photo of Janine Rizzo, PhD, Psychologist
Janine Rizzo
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Roslyn, NY 11576  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
I view clients from a holistic perspective and consider the impact of health and wellness as an important part of our therapeutic work. I utilize Mindfulness practice in my work with adults and older adults who suffer from anxiety and depression, relationship issues, and parenting challenges of individuals on the Autism Spectrum . My focus is to help clients recognize their obstacles to inner peace and wellness by becoming more mindful in their daily lives. This awareness gives us the opportunity to make positive choices for real empowerment.
I view clients from a holistic perspective and consider the impact of health and wellness as an important part of our therapeutic work. I utilize Mindfulness practice in my work with adults and older adults who suffer from anxiety and depression, relationship issues, and parenting challenges of individuals on the Autism Spectrum . My focus is to help clients recognize their obstacles to inner peace and wellness by becoming more mindful in their daily lives. This awareness gives us the opportunity to make positive choices for real empowerment.
(516) 744-9972 View (516) 744-9972
Photo of Cindy Woldar, LMHC, NCC, Counselor
Cindy Woldar
Counselor, LMHC, NCC
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
Roslyn, NY 11576  (Online Only)
Making the decision to change your life can be both empowering and overwhelming at the same time. The world is ever-changing, and you may be realizing that you are having difficulty keeping up. Perhaps you have thought about the things you'd like to change about yourself, your relationships, your career, and even your environment, but you are uncertain how to proceed. Together we will explore what has been holding you back from achieving what you want in life. Working with me in a supportive and non-judgmental manner will allow you to move forward and develop the ability to incorporate positive changes into your life.
Making the decision to change your life can be both empowering and overwhelming at the same time. The world is ever-changing, and you may be realizing that you are having difficulty keeping up. Perhaps you have thought about the things you'd like to change about yourself, your relationships, your career, and even your environment, but you are uncertain how to proceed. Together we will explore what has been holding you back from achieving what you want in life. Working with me in a supportive and non-judgmental manner will allow you to move forward and develop the ability to incorporate positive changes into your life.
(516) 882-6463 View (516) 882-6463
Hal Brickman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, RCSW, CSW, MSW, CHT
Verified Verified
Roslyn, NY 11576
Hal specializes in Infidelity Recovery. His down to earth wisdom and calm demeanor has helped hundreds of couples in jest trust back into their relationships. Whether it’s trust or a regaling of intimacy and healthy communication,. Hal steers couples back on course to meet those goals. Give yourself some space. Time to reflect on matters. Getting to know that you matter. Your partner matters. So you need to make a pact. One of you will call a top tiered couples counselor.
Hal specializes in Infidelity Recovery. His down to earth wisdom and calm demeanor has helped hundreds of couples in jest trust back into their relationships. Whether it’s trust or a regaling of intimacy and healthy communication,. Hal steers couples back on course to meet those goals. Give yourself some space. Time to reflect on matters. Getting to know that you matter. Your partner matters. So you need to make a pact. One of you will call a top tiered couples counselor.
(516) 219-9589 View (516) 219-9589
Photo of Doris Aptekar, PhD, LMHC, Counselor
Doris Aptekar
Counselor, PhD, LMHC
Verified Verified
Roslyn, NY 11576
MIRACLES CAN HAPPEN. HAVE YOURS! I am a Licensed Mental Health Counselor, School Psychologist, Bilingual Counselor, Hypnotherapist and Teacher, with special education experience who believes that "miracles can happen". I specialize in individual (children/adults}, couples and family,and hypnotherapy facilitating in smoking cessation, phobias, ADHD,OCD, behavior management, coaching and increasing self-esteem for achieving goals. I maintain a private practice in Roslyn Estates, New York. License, Certifications & Awards: Licensed Mental Health Counselor, National Honor Society in Psychology, Licensed Teacher, Certified School Psychologist. Certified Bilingual Counselor Awards: National Psychology Honor Society, New York City Works for Community Contributions.
MIRACLES CAN HAPPEN. HAVE YOURS! I am a Licensed Mental Health Counselor, School Psychologist, Bilingual Counselor, Hypnotherapist and Teacher, with special education experience who believes that "miracles can happen". I specialize in individual (children/adults}, couples and family,and hypnotherapy facilitating in smoking cessation, phobias, ADHD,OCD, behavior management, coaching and increasing self-esteem for achieving goals. I maintain a private practice in Roslyn Estates, New York. License, Certifications & Awards: Licensed Mental Health Counselor, National Honor Society in Psychology, Licensed Teacher, Certified School Psychologist. Certified Bilingual Counselor Awards: National Psychology Honor Society, New York City Works for Community Contributions.
(516) 200-3415 View (516) 200-3415
Photo of Dori Kaplan, LMHC, Counselor
Dori Kaplan
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Roslyn, NY 11576
Twenty-five years experience and I am only thirty-five years old! Working with humor, honesty, and a "keeping it real" approach. I walk with you, carefully listening and interpreting, as you discover your own answers.
Twenty-five years experience and I am only thirty-five years old! Working with humor, honesty, and a "keeping it real" approach. I walk with you, carefully listening and interpreting, as you discover your own answers.
(516) 619-7154 View (516) 619-7154

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Roslyn, NY

100+

Average cost per session

$200

Therapists in Roslyn, NY who prioritize treating:

91% Anxiety
85% Depression
80% Relationship Issues
77% Self Esteem
76% Coping Skills
62% Family Conflict
60% Parenting

Average years in practice

18 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

63% Aetna
53% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
50% Oxford

How Therapists in Roslyn, NY see their clients

77% In Person and Online
23% Online Only

Gender breakdown

83% Female
17% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Roslyn?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.