Therapists in Old Brookville, NY

Photo of Alison Gilbert, Psychologist, PhD
Alison Gilbert
Psychologist, PhD
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
Navigating life transitions can be particularly challenging, whether it’s a recent loss, health-related diagnosis, change in profession or change in relationship status, my goal is to help individuals cope with anxiety, depression and/or stress related to significant life challenges. The therapeutic process may incorporate grieving the past, building upon existing coping strategies and/or developing new coping techniques. Ultimately, the focus of treatment is to relieve symptoms and create a more positive outlook.
Navigating life transitions can be particularly challenging, whether it’s a recent loss, health-related diagnosis, change in profession or change in relationship status, my goal is to help individuals cope with anxiety, depression and/or stress related to significant life challenges. The therapeutic process may incorporate grieving the past, building upon existing coping strategies and/or developing new coping techniques. Ultimately, the focus of treatment is to relieve symptoms and create a more positive outlook.
(516) 226-7358 View (516) 226-7358
Photo of Alyson Lewis-Anner, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Alyson Lewis-Anner
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Serves Area
Choosing to see a therapist can be the first step towards a happier, more fulfilling life. Do you find yourself struggling to create healthy relationships, feeling overwhelmed by life's pressures, or yearning to achieve a peaceful state of mind? Perhaps you feel weighted down by troubling past experiences that have created self-defeating patterns, and worry that you won't be able to break the cycle. With my help, you can overcome obstacles to healthy relationships, increase your ability to manage stress, free yourself from past burdens, and feel more in control of your own life's journey.
Choosing to see a therapist can be the first step towards a happier, more fulfilling life. Do you find yourself struggling to create healthy relationships, feeling overwhelmed by life's pressures, or yearning to achieve a peaceful state of mind? Perhaps you feel weighted down by troubling past experiences that have created self-defeating patterns, and worry that you won't be able to break the cycle. With my help, you can overcome obstacles to healthy relationships, increase your ability to manage stress, free yourself from past burdens, and feel more in control of your own life's journey.
(516) 271-3507 View (516) 271-3507
Photo of Justine E. Adam, Psychologist, MA, MS Ed, PsyD
Justine E. Adam
Psychologist, MA, MS Ed, PsyD
Serves Area
My practice is dedicated to helping one individual at a time. It is centered on each individual's unique experiences and needs. I work with each clients to determine what they are struggling with and discuss what they hope to accomplish by seeking out psychotherapy. For some of my clients, it might be improving the life they already have, and for others it is treatment of anxiety, depression, or coping with loss, or other life crisis.
My practice is dedicated to helping one individual at a time. It is centered on each individual's unique experiences and needs. I work with each clients to determine what they are struggling with and discuss what they hope to accomplish by seeking out psychotherapy. For some of my clients, it might be improving the life they already have, and for others it is treatment of anxiety, depression, or coping with loss, or other life crisis.
(516) 252-3593 View (516) 252-3593
Photo of Sandi Frank, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-R
Sandi Frank
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-R
Online Only
Allow me to commend you for taking a step that can require both courage and vulnerability. I would consider it an honor to walk alongside you on a meaningful path of self discovery which includes improving the most important relationship you will ever have — the one you have with yourself. Although life can be fraught with challenges, they do not have to define you. Pain in life is inevitable, suffering is optional; let me help you move away from any suffering.
Allow me to commend you for taking a step that can require both courage and vulnerability. I would consider it an honor to walk alongside you on a meaningful path of self discovery which includes improving the most important relationship you will ever have — the one you have with yourself. Although life can be fraught with challenges, they do not have to define you. Pain in life is inevitable, suffering is optional; let me help you move away from any suffering.
(631) 214-2341 View (631) 214-2341
Photo of Colleen Mascolo, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Colleen Mascolo
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
1 Endorsed
Online Only
My passion for therapy drives my commitment to helping individuals like yourself. I chose to pursue clinical work because of my deep respect for the capacity people have to grow, heal, and become empowered through the therapeutic process. It is an honor to witness the journeys my clients undertake in therapy, and this is why I love what I do. Through my work, I remain dedicated to continual growth, professional development, and staying current with evolving research and clinical practices to best support the people I serve.
My passion for therapy drives my commitment to helping individuals like yourself. I chose to pursue clinical work because of my deep respect for the capacity people have to grow, heal, and become empowered through the therapeutic process. It is an honor to witness the journeys my clients undertake in therapy, and this is why I love what I do. Through my work, I remain dedicated to continual growth, professional development, and staying current with evolving research and clinical practices to best support the people I serve.
(516) 619-1054 View (516) 619-1054

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Ada Cahill, Counselor, LMHC
Ada Cahill
Counselor, LMHC
Online Only
Therapy enables us to access, explore, and understand our truest, most authentic version of ourselves and to fully process life events. Finding the right therapist to work with is an important step and I am glad you are here! My therapeutic space is an empowering environment where, together, we will work through whatever issues you face. I primarily work with adults and adolescents experiencing depression, anxiety, trauma, relationship struggles, identity development, difficulty with life transitions, and self-esteem issues, among other challenges.
Therapy enables us to access, explore, and understand our truest, most authentic version of ourselves and to fully process life events. Finding the right therapist to work with is an important step and I am glad you are here! My therapeutic space is an empowering environment where, together, we will work through whatever issues you face. I primarily work with adults and adolescents experiencing depression, anxiety, trauma, relationship struggles, identity development, difficulty with life transitions, and self-esteem issues, among other challenges.
(646) 798-7991 View (646) 798-7991
Photo of Coleen Golab, Counselor, LMHC, LPC
Coleen Golab
Counselor, LMHC, LPC
Online Only
I have experience working in hospital settings, outpatient counseling programs, and individual counseling through telehealth and school-based programs. You will gain insight and will learn new ways of coping while changing maladaptive behaviors. My approach is individualized based on your needs. I use intervention techniques that are based on interpersonal psychology, cognitive behavioral therapies, and mindfulness. In your counseling sessions, I will assist you in identifying how your thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are connected.
I have experience working in hospital settings, outpatient counseling programs, and individual counseling through telehealth and school-based programs. You will gain insight and will learn new ways of coping while changing maladaptive behaviors. My approach is individualized based on your needs. I use intervention techniques that are based on interpersonal psychology, cognitive behavioral therapies, and mindfulness. In your counseling sessions, I will assist you in identifying how your thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are connected.
(646) 933-3214 View (646) 933-3214
Photo of Lindsie Meek, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LICSW, CEDS-C
Lindsie Meek
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LICSW, CEDS-C
3 Endorsed
New York, NY 10001
Struggling with an obsession with food and your body? Maybe you struggle with perfectionism or constantly questioning if you are good enough. These patterns can affect how you see yourself, how you show up in your relationships, and how you live your life. These experiences are common and do not mean there is something wrong with you. They are ways your mind has learned to protect you, even if they no longer serve you. I am a Certified Eating Disorder Specialist with ten years of experience. I am passionate about helping anxious millennials heal their chronic overthinking, food, body image, and negative beliefs about self.
Struggling with an obsession with food and your body? Maybe you struggle with perfectionism or constantly questioning if you are good enough. These patterns can affect how you see yourself, how you show up in your relationships, and how you live your life. These experiences are common and do not mean there is something wrong with you. They are ways your mind has learned to protect you, even if they no longer serve you. I am a Certified Eating Disorder Specialist with ten years of experience. I am passionate about helping anxious millennials heal their chronic overthinking, food, body image, and negative beliefs about self.
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Photo of Dr. Starlin Astacio, Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, LMFT, MS
Dr. Starlin Astacio
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, LMFT, MS
4 Endorsed
Online Only
As your future therapist, I am committed to fostering an inclusive, compassionate, and nurturing environment. I am deeply passionate about the transformative work of therapy. My role is to offer support and guidance as we embark on a journey of self-discovery together. Throughout our sessions, we will delve into your past experiences, explore your future aspirations, and tap into your internal resources.
As your future therapist, I am committed to fostering an inclusive, compassionate, and nurturing environment. I am deeply passionate about the transformative work of therapy. My role is to offer support and guidance as we embark on a journey of self-discovery together. Throughout our sessions, we will delve into your past experiences, explore your future aspirations, and tap into your internal resources.
(860) 792-4583 View (860) 792-4583
Photo of Dr. Jessica Cannone, Psychologist, PsyD
Dr. Jessica Cannone
Psychologist, PsyD
3 Endorsed
Serves Area
I am Dr. Cannone, a licensed psychologist, and I specialize in evidence-based individualized interventions for adults. I believe that there is more right with you than you may believe there is. Together I can help you to create the fulfilling life you are hoping to live. My goal is to help my patients discover and utilize their inner strengths to enhance all elements of well-being. There are never two of the same presentations of psychological problems, which is why I tailor each treatment plan to the individual needs, capabilities and desires of each patient.
I am Dr. Cannone, a licensed psychologist, and I specialize in evidence-based individualized interventions for adults. I believe that there is more right with you than you may believe there is. Together I can help you to create the fulfilling life you are hoping to live. My goal is to help my patients discover and utilize their inner strengths to enhance all elements of well-being. There are never two of the same presentations of psychological problems, which is why I tailor each treatment plan to the individual needs, capabilities and desires of each patient.
(631) 502-5716 View (631) 502-5716
Photo of Sarah Perl, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-R, PMH-C
Sarah Perl
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-R, PMH-C
10 Endorsed
New York, NY 10003
Beginning or resuming psychotherapy is a deeply personal choice that is often met with complicated and sometimes even conflicting emotions. I believe that in order for people to make the best use of psychotherapy, they need to feel respected, safe, and supported within the therapeutic relationship. This lays the foundation upon which one can better understand themselves and in turn grow. My practice aims to assist people with improving the quality of their interpersonal relationships, deepening their understanding of the familial/relational context in which they were raised, and living a more fulfilling life.
Beginning or resuming psychotherapy is a deeply personal choice that is often met with complicated and sometimes even conflicting emotions. I believe that in order for people to make the best use of psychotherapy, they need to feel respected, safe, and supported within the therapeutic relationship. This lays the foundation upon which one can better understand themselves and in turn grow. My practice aims to assist people with improving the quality of their interpersonal relationships, deepening their understanding of the familial/relational context in which they were raised, and living a more fulfilling life.
(518) 309-6054 View (518) 309-6054
Photo of Jacqueline Ann Gold, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Jacqueline Ann Gold
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Online Only
I am a warm caring authentic psychotherapist with a direct approach with over 30 years of experience treating adults and seniors. I empathize with how difficult it can be to speak with someone about very personal matters and I provide a caring and nurturing environment along with a sense of humor. I accept Aetna, United Healthcare, Blue Cross and Medicare and can provide services for Out of Network services. My specialties include helping people to deal with disordered eating with an emphasis on binge eating, obesity, and anorexia. In addition I help people with depression, anxiety, grief counseling, and gay and lesbian issues.
I am a warm caring authentic psychotherapist with a direct approach with over 30 years of experience treating adults and seniors. I empathize with how difficult it can be to speak with someone about very personal matters and I provide a caring and nurturing environment along with a sense of humor. I accept Aetna, United Healthcare, Blue Cross and Medicare and can provide services for Out of Network services. My specialties include helping people to deal with disordered eating with an emphasis on binge eating, obesity, and anorexia. In addition I help people with depression, anxiety, grief counseling, and gay and lesbian issues.
(516) 259-3654 View (516) 259-3654
Photo of Dr. Lauren Ellis, Psychologist, PhD
Dr. Lauren Ellis
Psychologist, PhD
20 Endorsed
Online Only
My ideal client is someone who’s ready for change, even if they’re not sure where to begin. If you’re working through internal struggles or you're a couple that is striving to reconnect, my role is to help you uncover the insight, resilience, and skills that are already within you. If you're feeling overwhelmed, weighed down or afraid, I can help. If you're navigating a major life change, struggling with addiction, or facing tough challenges in your relationships, you are not alone and a skilled therapist can help you find a path forward.
My ideal client is someone who’s ready for change, even if they’re not sure where to begin. If you’re working through internal struggles or you're a couple that is striving to reconnect, my role is to help you uncover the insight, resilience, and skills that are already within you. If you're feeling overwhelmed, weighed down or afraid, I can help. If you're navigating a major life change, struggling with addiction, or facing tough challenges in your relationships, you are not alone and a skilled therapist can help you find a path forward.
(516) 928-6563 View (516) 928-6563
Photo of Bren Benoit, Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, LPCC, LMHC
Bren Benoit
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, LPCC, LMHC
Online Only
Not accepting new clients
It is a heroic act to pursue health, liberation, and self-acceptance in a world that too often seeks to dehumanize and control us. My intention is for therapy to be a refuge from that pressure and trauma, where you can explore who you want to be and how you want to live your life. Everyone has unique needs, strengths, and values, so my therapeutic approach is always as collaborative and egalitarian as possible. As a member of the transgender community, I am particularly experienced in issues relating to LGBTQ+ identity, relationships, and discrimination.
It is a heroic act to pursue health, liberation, and self-acceptance in a world that too often seeks to dehumanize and control us. My intention is for therapy to be a refuge from that pressure and trauma, where you can explore who you want to be and how you want to live your life. Everyone has unique needs, strengths, and values, so my therapeutic approach is always as collaborative and egalitarian as possible. As a member of the transgender community, I am particularly experienced in issues relating to LGBTQ+ identity, relationships, and discrimination.
(341) 895-5783 View (341) 895-5783
Photo of Roni Sugarman, Psychologist, PsyD
Roni Sugarman
Psychologist, PsyD
1 Endorsed
New York, NY 10018
Much of my work has been with adolescents and young adults, supporting them as they navigate the unique challenges and transitions of these formative years. I am especially passionate about helping clients of all ages explore who they are and develop a kinder, deeper, and more compassionate relationship with themselves. Together, we may address concerns related to self-esteem, self-compassion, authenticity, and identity, and explore moments when these parts of self may feel in conflict. I also help support clients as they develop the skills to advocate for themselves and create healthy, appropriate boundaries in their relationships.
Much of my work has been with adolescents and young adults, supporting them as they navigate the unique challenges and transitions of these formative years. I am especially passionate about helping clients of all ages explore who they are and develop a kinder, deeper, and more compassionate relationship with themselves. Together, we may address concerns related to self-esteem, self-compassion, authenticity, and identity, and explore moments when these parts of self may feel in conflict. I also help support clients as they develop the skills to advocate for themselves and create healthy, appropriate boundaries in their relationships.
(929) 674-6003 View (929) 674-6003
Photo of Jeanette Luciano, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Jeanette Luciano
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Online Only
My work and approach are to live in the here and now of present issues, while looking to the future and resolving underlying struggles from former experiences, so as to help us realize and work through the parts of ourself that have been challenged and which continue to be so. My 30+ years of pre-/and post Master's psychodynamic work with direct client and patient clinical treatment, along with my ongoing experience as a Yoga Teacher, and REBT training, inform my style and approach in working with individuals who are invested in developing a healthy sense of self and achieving healthier life goals.
My work and approach are to live in the here and now of present issues, while looking to the future and resolving underlying struggles from former experiences, so as to help us realize and work through the parts of ourself that have been challenged and which continue to be so. My 30+ years of pre-/and post Master's psychodynamic work with direct client and patient clinical treatment, along with my ongoing experience as a Yoga Teacher, and REBT training, inform my style and approach in working with individuals who are invested in developing a healthy sense of self and achieving healthier life goals.
(347) 609-4818 View (347) 609-4818
Photo of Aaron Paul Zitouni, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CASACM
Aaron Paul Zitouni
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CASACM
1 Endorsed
Nanuet, NY 10954
At some point, you have to stop avoiding it and take a real look in the mirror. What you keep pushing down doesn’t go away it builds. It’s easy to stay busy, stay distracted, and keep things moving on the surface. But internally, the pressure, stress, and patterns don’t resolve on their own. I work with professionals who are ready to stop sweeping things under the rug and start doing the internal work. This means looking honestly at patterns, at stress, at emotions, and at the ways you’ve learned to cope whether that’s through overworking, shutting down, or substance use and other behaviors. Are you ready to take back control?
At some point, you have to stop avoiding it and take a real look in the mirror. What you keep pushing down doesn’t go away it builds. It’s easy to stay busy, stay distracted, and keep things moving on the surface. But internally, the pressure, stress, and patterns don’t resolve on their own. I work with professionals who are ready to stop sweeping things under the rug and start doing the internal work. This means looking honestly at patterns, at stress, at emotions, and at the ways you’ve learned to cope whether that’s through overworking, shutting down, or substance use and other behaviors. Are you ready to take back control?
(845) 276-3622 View (845) 276-3622
Photo of Bandna Badhan, MS, LMHC
Bandna Badhan
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Hello! My name is Bandna and I am currently a Mental Health Counselor-LP at Ray of Light Mental Health Counseling Services, PLLC. Seeking therapy is a courageous step and I commend you for taking it! I am dedicated to providing compassionate and effective therapy to those seeking support for anxiety, depression, trauma, and other life stressors.
Hello! My name is Bandna and I am currently a Mental Health Counselor-LP at Ray of Light Mental Health Counseling Services, PLLC. Seeking therapy is a courageous step and I commend you for taking it! I am dedicated to providing compassionate and effective therapy to those seeking support for anxiety, depression, trauma, and other life stressors.
(516) 218-9137 View (516) 218-9137
Photo of Rebecca Sarah Rio, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, DSW, LCSW-R
Rebecca Sarah Rio
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, DSW, LCSW-R
2 Endorsed
New York, NY 10001
I believe that you are the expert of your life and know what is best for you, but hurts, losses, and disappointments keep you from trusting your good instincts. I can help you overcome the despair, lack of motivation, negativity, fear of failure, excessive worry, lethargy, low self-esteem, inability to trust, and codependency that often results from failed relationships, abuse, illness, and loss. I am trained in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, EMDR, Exposure and Response Prevention, and Ego State Therapy.
I believe that you are the expert of your life and know what is best for you, but hurts, losses, and disappointments keep you from trusting your good instincts. I can help you overcome the despair, lack of motivation, negativity, fear of failure, excessive worry, lethargy, low self-esteem, inability to trust, and codependency that often results from failed relationships, abuse, illness, and loss. I am trained in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, EMDR, Exposure and Response Prevention, and Ego State Therapy.
(929) 226-6622 View (929) 226-6622
Photo of Nicole Otis, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, CSAT
Nicole Otis
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, CSAT
Serves Area
Are you struggling with pornography or sexual compulsivity? Is secrecy, broken trust or loss of intimacy hurting your relationship? Or maybe you’re not in crisis, but you know your marriage could be stronger, more connected, more alive? You’re not alone–we have been through these issues personally and know what it’s like. I’m a Certified Sex Addiction Therapist (CSAT), and Hunter is a Certified Mentor Coach in long-term recovery. Together, we help men break free (porn, sexting, affairs, prostitution, etc) and we help couples rebuild trust and real intimacy.
Are you struggling with pornography or sexual compulsivity? Is secrecy, broken trust or loss of intimacy hurting your relationship? Or maybe you’re not in crisis, but you know your marriage could be stronger, more connected, more alive? You’re not alone–we have been through these issues personally and know what it’s like. I’m a Certified Sex Addiction Therapist (CSAT), and Hunter is a Certified Mentor Coach in long-term recovery. Together, we help men break free (porn, sexting, affairs, prostitution, etc) and we help couples rebuild trust and real intimacy.
(973) 447-8991 View (973) 447-8991

See more therapy options for Old Brookville

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Old Brookville, NY

< 10

Therapists in Old Brookville, NY who prioritize treating:

100% Relationship Issues
100% Depression
100% Anxiety
100% Self Esteem
80% Parenting
80% Stress
60% Eating Disorders

Average years in practice

18 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

67% Empire Blue Cross Blue Shield
33% Aetna
33% BlueCross and BlueShield

How Therapists in Old Brookville, NY see their clients

60% In Person and Online
40% Online Only

Gender breakdown

100% Female
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Old Brookville?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.