Therapists in Gainesville, VA

Photo of Maria Fahrion, MA, LPC, LMHC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Maria Fahrion
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, LMHC
Verified Verified
Gainesville, VA 20155  (Online Only)
I have worked in the mental health field as a professional counselor in the Commonwealth of Virginia for over eight years. I was moved into the counseling field by my passion for helping others undergo their journey of transformation and healing. My philosophy of counseling is founded on the belief that individuals have the potential to heal and transform their own lives and achieve wellbeing. I also believe that counseling is a process, and that with work, time and collaboration, individuals can overcome the many challenges they face at any given time in their lives.
I have worked in the mental health field as a professional counselor in the Commonwealth of Virginia for over eight years. I was moved into the counseling field by my passion for helping others undergo their journey of transformation and healing. My philosophy of counseling is founded on the belief that individuals have the potential to heal and transform their own lives and achieve wellbeing. I also believe that counseling is a process, and that with work, time and collaboration, individuals can overcome the many challenges they face at any given time in their lives.
(571) 556-9962 View (571) 556-9962
Photo of Robert Nuenke, LPC, NCC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Robert Nuenke
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
Gainesville, VA 20155
Thank you for your interest in counseling. It has always been my goal to work in the mental health field to help individuals and families grow as they achieve a greater understanding of who they are and what they can become. I recently began working with children and have found great satisfaction in watching them grow as we build strong connections with family members. I believe that good relationships and communication are key aspects of healthy growth and development at all ages.
Thank you for your interest in counseling. It has always been my goal to work in the mental health field to help individuals and families grow as they achieve a greater understanding of who they are and what they can become. I recently began working with children and have found great satisfaction in watching them grow as we build strong connections with family members. I believe that good relationships and communication are key aspects of healthy growth and development at all ages.
(571) 619-8843 View (571) 619-8843
Photo of Antoinette Jones, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Antoinette Jones
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Gainesville, VA 20155
A combination of therapeutic approaches is utilized to meet the personal needs and goals of individuals, couples, and families. I have over 20 years of providing substance abuse and mental health counseling services to adolescent and adult clients. Understanding that each client has an unique set of circumstances, my experience can help with a wide variety of complex problems, ranging from marriage or family issues, depression, anxiety, mood disorders, or any other variety of life issues. Your privacy and confidentiality is a priority and I am committed to helping you reach personal goals and overcoming obstacles in your life.
A combination of therapeutic approaches is utilized to meet the personal needs and goals of individuals, couples, and families. I have over 20 years of providing substance abuse and mental health counseling services to adolescent and adult clients. Understanding that each client has an unique set of circumstances, my experience can help with a wide variety of complex problems, ranging from marriage or family issues, depression, anxiety, mood disorders, or any other variety of life issues. Your privacy and confidentiality is a priority and I am committed to helping you reach personal goals and overcoming obstacles in your life.
(571) 330-9515 View (571) 330-9515
Photo of Michelle Gorden - Michelle Gorden- NOVA Clinical Counseling,LLC, MA, LPC, NCC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Michelle Gorden- NOVA Clinical Counseling,LLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
Gainesville, VA 20155  (Online Only)
I am deeply committed to providing a safe, inclusive, and affirming space for individuals of all backgrounds and identities. My practice is rooted in empathy, understanding, and a profound respect for the unique experiences of each person I work with.
I am deeply committed to providing a safe, inclusive, and affirming space for individuals of all backgrounds and identities. My practice is rooted in empathy, understanding, and a profound respect for the unique experiences of each person I work with.
(571) 568-8212 View (571) 568-8212
Photo of Elayne Smith, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Elayne Smith
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Gainesville, VA 20155  (Online Only)
I offer specialized therapy focused on targeted healing, lasting change, and purposeful growth. If you are vulnerable to overachieving/functioning, burnout, perfectionism, imposter syndrome, people pleasing, pursuing, painful relationship patterns, limiting beliefs, and hustling for self-worth, I can be of service. I am trained to go deep and get down to the origins of your struggles, often found in earlier relationship experiences. From there, I serve as a skilled guide through the process of organization, healing, transformation, and integration. You deserve space for your needs, to refill your resources, and to find contentment.
I offer specialized therapy focused on targeted healing, lasting change, and purposeful growth. If you are vulnerable to overachieving/functioning, burnout, perfectionism, imposter syndrome, people pleasing, pursuing, painful relationship patterns, limiting beliefs, and hustling for self-worth, I can be of service. I am trained to go deep and get down to the origins of your struggles, often found in earlier relationship experiences. From there, I serve as a skilled guide through the process of organization, healing, transformation, and integration. You deserve space for your needs, to refill your resources, and to find contentment.
(571) 200-3248 View (571) 200-3248
Photo of Heather Eddy, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Heather Eddy
Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Verified Verified
Gainesville, VA 20155
Heather Eddy is a Resident in Clinical Social Work in Virginia who has been practicing since 2003. She has a Master's of Clinical Social Work from New York University. Heather offers a variety of treatment modalities including cognitive therapy and motivational interviewing, and tailors treatment to the client's unique needs and personality. She has experience in conflict resolution and working with teens. When not at work, Heather enjoys acoustic music, learning Spanish language, historical movies and documentaries, and spending time with her teen daughter.
Heather Eddy is a Resident in Clinical Social Work in Virginia who has been practicing since 2003. She has a Master's of Clinical Social Work from New York University. Heather offers a variety of treatment modalities including cognitive therapy and motivational interviewing, and tailors treatment to the client's unique needs and personality. She has experience in conflict resolution and working with teens. When not at work, Heather enjoys acoustic music, learning Spanish language, historical movies and documentaries, and spending time with her teen daughter.
(571) 982-8139 View (571) 982-8139
Photo of Susan Patricia Miller, LPC, NCC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Susan Patricia Miller
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
Gainesville, VA 20155
In my practice, I work with adults, adolescents and couples. My primary interests include: treatments for trauma and PTSD, life changes and transitions, anxiety, depression, mood disorders, stress management, grief and loss and LGBTQ issues and concerns. I enjoy working with a variety of techniques to assist others in controlling and reducing the effects of daily stress. I provide supervision for students working on their LPC licensure credentials and am an approved provider with the Board of Counseling in VA.
In my practice, I work with adults, adolescents and couples. My primary interests include: treatments for trauma and PTSD, life changes and transitions, anxiety, depression, mood disorders, stress management, grief and loss and LGBTQ issues and concerns. I enjoy working with a variety of techniques to assist others in controlling and reducing the effects of daily stress. I provide supervision for students working on their LPC licensure credentials and am an approved provider with the Board of Counseling in VA.
(703) 845-0666 View (703) 845-0666
Photo of Courtney Shaughnessy, LPC, KAP, MS, Licensed Professional Counselor
Courtney Shaughnessy
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, KAP, MS
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Gainesville, VA 20155
I work with adults who are struggling with anxiety or depression. I am now accepting couples counseling as well. I am trained in several evidence-based treatments including cognitive-behavioral therapy, applied behavioral analysis, and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy . I encourage verbal communication skills, coping techniques, and appropriate problem-solving skills. Also KAP certfied .
I work with adults who are struggling with anxiety or depression. I am now accepting couples counseling as well. I am trained in several evidence-based treatments including cognitive-behavioral therapy, applied behavioral analysis, and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy . I encourage verbal communication skills, coping techniques, and appropriate problem-solving skills. Also KAP certfied .
(571) 410-3725 View (571) 410-3725
Photo of Kai Allen, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Kai Allen
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Gainesville, VA 20155
Kai Allen is a Licensed Independent Clinical Social Worker in Virginia who has been practicing since 2015. She I received her undergraduate degree in Psychology from Hampton University (an HBCU) and received her Master's degree in Social Work from Columbia University in New York City. Kai's approach to therapy is focused on empathy and a solutions-based mindset. She offers a warm and nonjudgmental space (with humor thrown in there) to help clients feel comfortable, heard, seen, and supported as they learn skills to help manage their mental health.
Kai Allen is a Licensed Independent Clinical Social Worker in Virginia who has been practicing since 2015. She I received her undergraduate degree in Psychology from Hampton University (an HBCU) and received her Master's degree in Social Work from Columbia University in New York City. Kai's approach to therapy is focused on empathy and a solutions-based mindset. She offers a warm and nonjudgmental space (with humor thrown in there) to help clients feel comfortable, heard, seen, and supported as they learn skills to help manage their mental health.
(571) 570-3238 View (571) 570-3238
Photo of Dr. Kathleen Barrett, PsyD, Psychologist
Dr. Kathleen Barrett
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Gainesville, VA 20155
I am a Licensed Clinical Psychologist who provides psychological evaluations/testing services. I specialize in conducting full diagnostic psychological evaluations (cognitive, learning, emotional, behavioral, personality, etc). This service can aid in diagnostic clarification, assist with counseling and psychiatry treatment planning, provide the required documentation to obtain academic and occupational accommodations, in preparation for specific surgeries (bariatric, spinal, etc), for admission into private school, or in advance of the adoption or surrogacy process. I DO NOT PROVIDE FORENSIC OR COURT-RELATED EVALUATIONS/TESTING.
I am a Licensed Clinical Psychologist who provides psychological evaluations/testing services. I specialize in conducting full diagnostic psychological evaluations (cognitive, learning, emotional, behavioral, personality, etc). This service can aid in diagnostic clarification, assist with counseling and psychiatry treatment planning, provide the required documentation to obtain academic and occupational accommodations, in preparation for specific surgeries (bariatric, spinal, etc), for admission into private school, or in advance of the adoption or surrogacy process. I DO NOT PROVIDE FORENSIC OR COURT-RELATED EVALUATIONS/TESTING.
(571) 389-7043 View (571) 389-7043
Photo of Lora Delos Reyes, MA, LMFT, LPCC, Marriage & Family Therapist
Lora Delos Reyes
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, LPCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Gainesville, VA 20155  (Online Only)
When we look back at our lives, there are often identifiable moments that shape the direction life takes next. Sometimes these moments come as an opportunity - a person who genuinely sees and unconditionally accepts you - or a choice. These moments can often alter the path of life. Too often people are mislabeled, overlooked, and forgotten, and their behaviors reflect as much. I hope to create a place for people to see and be seen as they wish themselves to be. My goal is to create a safe haven for you to Overcome barriers, Nurture relationships, and Empower yourself to take ownership and control of your life.
When we look back at our lives, there are often identifiable moments that shape the direction life takes next. Sometimes these moments come as an opportunity - a person who genuinely sees and unconditionally accepts you - or a choice. These moments can often alter the path of life. Too often people are mislabeled, overlooked, and forgotten, and their behaviors reflect as much. I hope to create a place for people to see and be seen as they wish themselves to be. My goal is to create a safe haven for you to Overcome barriers, Nurture relationships, and Empower yourself to take ownership and control of your life.
(571) 445-5195 View (571) 445-5195
Photo of Elizabeth Fraser, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Elizabeth Fraser
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Gainesville, VA 20155
Elizabeth B. Fraser (Betsy) obtained her Master's Degree in Social Work at George Mason University. Betsy believes in partnering with her clients to identify their own potential abilities and strengths in resolving their mental health concerns; to help them recognize their mental health challenges, and work to achieve their goals. Betsy is invested in an approach emphasizing an integrative, dynamic, and holistic approach to mental health, in her belief that there is no one aspect of an individual's life which cannot be improved upon in the search for increasing mental health well-being.
Elizabeth B. Fraser (Betsy) obtained her Master's Degree in Social Work at George Mason University. Betsy believes in partnering with her clients to identify their own potential abilities and strengths in resolving their mental health concerns; to help them recognize their mental health challenges, and work to achieve their goals. Betsy is invested in an approach emphasizing an integrative, dynamic, and holistic approach to mental health, in her belief that there is no one aspect of an individual's life which cannot be improved upon in the search for increasing mental health well-being.
(571) 601-4973 View (571) 601-4973
Photo of Crystal Simpson, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Crystal Simpson
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Gainesville, VA 20155  (Online Only)
Life is a journey that is individualized but does not have to be walked alone. There are challenges that we face on our path that can be overwhelming. At various moments of our life we just need that helping hand to guide, redirect, motivate, listen, or enlighten a perspective for change so we may overcome a situation. Life is unpredictable and seldom goes as planned. With change, comes new decisions and then follows the need for purposeful action. I utilize various modalities and treatment approaches that is a "best fit" for my client's individualized journey in life.
Life is a journey that is individualized but does not have to be walked alone. There are challenges that we face on our path that can be overwhelming. At various moments of our life we just need that helping hand to guide, redirect, motivate, listen, or enlighten a perspective for change so we may overcome a situation. Life is unpredictable and seldom goes as planned. With change, comes new decisions and then follows the need for purposeful action. I utilize various modalities and treatment approaches that is a "best fit" for my client's individualized journey in life.
(703) 348-9846 View (703) 348-9846
Photo of Tiffany Tait, MS, ASDI
Tiffany Tait
Resident in Counseling, MS, ASDI
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Gainesville, VA 20155  (Online Only)
Currently accepting adult new clients using virtual/teletherapy for support with career counseling, personality disorders, schizophrenia, phobias, bipolar disorder, trauma, anxiety, depression, couples/family counseling, relationship/intimacy dysfunction, establishing healthy boundaries, assertive communication skills, Autism Spectrum Disorder
Currently accepting adult new clients using virtual/teletherapy for support with career counseling, personality disorders, schizophrenia, phobias, bipolar disorder, trauma, anxiety, depression, couples/family counseling, relationship/intimacy dysfunction, establishing healthy boundaries, assertive communication skills, Autism Spectrum Disorder
(571) 517-1794 View (571) 517-1794
Photo of Michael James Allard, MS, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Michael James Allard
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
Gainesville, VA 20155
I focus on providing an environment that is understanding and productive in helping clients make progress towards their goals. I work with clients to identify underlying problems, improve self-awareness and to develop specific skills that address the client's needs. My mission is to support, educate and empower people.
I focus on providing an environment that is understanding and productive in helping clients make progress towards their goals. I work with clients to identify underlying problems, improve self-awareness and to develop specific skills that address the client's needs. My mission is to support, educate and empower people.
(571) 248-3345 View (571) 248-3345
Photo of Jodi L Eanes, LPC, LLC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Jodi L Eanes
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, LLC
Verified Verified
Gainesville, VA 20155
There are many stressors in daily life that may cause us to feel out of sorts, anxious, depressed, grieved or traumatized. I treat most all anxiety disorders, most depression disorders, simple and complex grief, and some trauma disorders. I believe there is hope for recovery for all. I would be honored to assist you to learn to live out of your "Best Real Self". You can have a more contented, and accomplished life.
There are many stressors in daily life that may cause us to feel out of sorts, anxious, depressed, grieved or traumatized. I treat most all anxiety disorders, most depression disorders, simple and complex grief, and some trauma disorders. I believe there is hope for recovery for all. I would be honored to assist you to learn to live out of your "Best Real Self". You can have a more contented, and accomplished life.
(571) 450-9144 View (571) 450-9144
Photo of Elizabeth B Fraser, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Elizabeth B Fraser
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Gainesville, VA 20155
Elizabeth B. Fraser (“Betsy”) obtained her Master’s Degree in Social Work at George Mason University. Betsy believes in partnering with her clients to identify their own potential abilities and strengths in resolving their mental health concerns; to help them recognize their mental health challenges, and work to achieve their goals. Betsy is invested in an approach emphasizing an integrative, dynamic, and holistic approach to mental health, in her belief that there is no one aspect of an individual’s life which cannot be improved upon in the search for increasing mental health well-being.
Elizabeth B. Fraser (“Betsy”) obtained her Master’s Degree in Social Work at George Mason University. Betsy believes in partnering with her clients to identify their own potential abilities and strengths in resolving their mental health concerns; to help them recognize their mental health challenges, and work to achieve their goals. Betsy is invested in an approach emphasizing an integrative, dynamic, and holistic approach to mental health, in her belief that there is no one aspect of an individual’s life which cannot be improved upon in the search for increasing mental health well-being.
(571) 568-7514 View (571) 568-7514
Photo of Elayne Smith - Couples Therapy at The Center for Connection, LMFT-R, LPC-R, LMFT, LPC, LCSW, Pre-Licensed Professional
Couples Therapy at The Center for Connection
Pre-Licensed Professional, LMFT-R, LPC-R, LMFT, LPC, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Gainesville, VA 20155
We help couples build person-to-person, heart-to-heart, soul-to-soul connections. We all long to be seen, heard, understood, held, and cherished by our precious person. Being in secure connection often conflicts with how life has shaped us. For many of us, relationship experiences have included bumps in the road, needs have been missed, wounds have developed, protections have grown, trust has been broken, limited beliefs have emerged, and parts of us have been hidden away. We help couples explore how life has influenced their interactions and then find lasting ways to heal, connect, repair, meet unmet needs, and build security.
We help couples build person-to-person, heart-to-heart, soul-to-soul connections. We all long to be seen, heard, understood, held, and cherished by our precious person. Being in secure connection often conflicts with how life has shaped us. For many of us, relationship experiences have included bumps in the road, needs have been missed, wounds have developed, protections have grown, trust has been broken, limited beliefs have emerged, and parts of us have been hidden away. We help couples explore how life has influenced their interactions and then find lasting ways to heal, connect, repair, meet unmet needs, and build security.
(571) 339-0247 View (571) 339-0247
Photo of Savannah Downs, MA, Pre-Licensed Professional
Savannah Downs
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
Gainesville, VA 20155
Wherever you are on your healing journey I will meet you there. Taking the time to understand how to navigate life’s circumstances emotionally and mentally takes courage, a safe space, and the supports to allow you to accept, adapt, and change what is needed for healing and growth.
Wherever you are on your healing journey I will meet you there. Taking the time to understand how to navigate life’s circumstances emotionally and mentally takes courage, a safe space, and the supports to allow you to accept, adapt, and change what is needed for healing and growth.
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Photo of Ceres Artico Ph. D., PhD, LPC, LMFT, Licensed Professional Counselor
Ceres Artico Ph. D.
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC, LMFT
Verified Verified
Gainesville, VA 20155
All of us have the ability and desire to heal and lead meaningful, fulfilling, lives. However, at times we need professional help to overcome devastating feelings and life events. Dr. Artico has over 20 years of experience helping couples, adults and teens become who they were meant to be. She is the director of Gainesville Family Counseling, has taught at George Mason University, and is the author of the book Latino Families Broken by Immigration. She is certified in Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), has advanced training in Emotionally Focused Therapy for couples (EFT), clinical supervision, and sandtray therapy.
All of us have the ability and desire to heal and lead meaningful, fulfilling, lives. However, at times we need professional help to overcome devastating feelings and life events. Dr. Artico has over 20 years of experience helping couples, adults and teens become who they were meant to be. She is the director of Gainesville Family Counseling, has taught at George Mason University, and is the author of the book Latino Families Broken by Immigration. She is certified in Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), has advanced training in Emotionally Focused Therapy for couples (EFT), clinical supervision, and sandtray therapy.
(703) 947-0838 View (703) 947-0838
1

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Gainesville, VA

100+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Gainesville, VA who prioritize treating:

94% Anxiety
90% Depression
70% Self Esteem
69% Coping Skills
68% Relationship Issues
68% Trauma and PTSD
60% Stress

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

80% BlueCross and BlueShield
76% Anthem
63% CareFirst

How Therapists in Gainesville, VA see their clients

68% In Person and Online
32% Online Only

Gender breakdown

84% Female
16% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Gainesville?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.