Photo of Kristin M Newland, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Red Bank, NJ
Kristin M Newland
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Red Bank, NJ 07701
In addition to working with clients in individual, couples or family sessions, Kristin also offers the unique opportunity for young adults to work in a group setting.
Kristin Newland earned her Masters Degree in Social Work at Rutgers University. She is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with 20 years experience working with clients ages 10-18, young adults and adults dealing with difficult life transitions, anxiety and depression. Kristin is also a managing partner at Navesink Counseling Associates, overseeing and supervising a team of skilled clinicians.
In addition to working with clients in individual, couples or family sessions, Kristin also offers the unique opportunity for young adults to work in a group setting.
Kristin Newland earned her Masters Degree in Social Work at Rutgers University. She is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with 20 years experience working with clients ages 10-18, young adults and adults dealing with difficult life transitions, anxiety and depression. Kristin is also a managing partner at Navesink Counseling Associates, overseeing and supervising a team of skilled clinicians.
(732) 733-4985 View (732) 733-4985
Photo of Deidra Kozlowski, Licensed Professional Counselor in Red Bank, NJ
Deidra Kozlowski
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC, BC-TMH
Verified Verified
Red Bank, NJ 07701
My practice specializes in helping children, teens, adults, couples, and families to grow mentally and emotionally through increasing insight, resilience, and general wellbeing. Typically, I work with people who are looking for 1. personal growth: people who are looking to grow personally, maximize on their potential, and improve themselves and their relationships. 2. challenges & transitions: people going through transitions or challenges in their life. These challenges could include but are not limited to substance abuse/addictions, family problems, behavioral problems, anger management, trauma, loss and grief, infertility, sexual problems, divorce, job stress, etc.
My practice specializes in helping children, teens, adults, couples, and families to grow mentally and emotionally through increasing insight, resilience, and general wellbeing. Typically, I work with people who are looking for 1. personal growth: people who are looking to grow personally, maximize on their potential, and improve themselves and their relationships. 2. challenges & transitions: people going through transitions or challenges in their life. These challenges could include but are not limited to substance abuse/addictions, family problems, behavioral problems, anger management, trauma, loss and grief, infertility, sexual problems, divorce, job stress, etc.
(908) 660-0786 View (908) 660-0786
Photo of Melissa Kopp Dalessio, Licensed Professional Counselor in Red Bank, NJ
Melissa Kopp Dalessio
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Red Bank, NJ 07701
Are you or your loved one hurting and seeking guidance on how to feel better? Are you tired of not feeling well and you want to feel like your best self? Whether you would like to work with me one on one, with your partner or your family, together we will navigate through the stresses, traumas, grief, wounds and where your challenges show up for you personally or within your relationships. I truly believe that it's through our life's difficulties that we have the opportunity to grow and make the changes necessary for a healthy mindset.
Are you or your loved one hurting and seeking guidance on how to feel better? Are you tired of not feeling well and you want to feel like your best self? Whether you would like to work with me one on one, with your partner or your family, together we will navigate through the stresses, traumas, grief, wounds and where your challenges show up for you personally or within your relationships. I truly believe that it's through our life's difficulties that we have the opportunity to grow and make the changes necessary for a healthy mindset.
(732) 656-8529 View (732) 656-8529
Photo of David Amar, Licensed Professional Counselor in Red Bank, NJ
David Amar
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS CMHC, LPC NCC, MAJED
Verified Verified
Red Bank, NJ 07701
Are you seeking compassionate and effective counseling support for yourself or a loved one? Imagine a counselor with exceptional communication skills, a strong work ethic, and a deep commitment to understanding your unique needs. Whether you're facing Depression, ADHD, anxiety, anger management, marital issues/couples and family therapy, or grief, I provide a safe, supportive space for healing and growth. In addition, I have vast experience in pastoral care, premarital, couples, and grief counseling, offering a solution-focused approach tailored to your specific challenges. I can be available and accessible to meet your needs now.
Are you seeking compassionate and effective counseling support for yourself or a loved one? Imagine a counselor with exceptional communication skills, a strong work ethic, and a deep commitment to understanding your unique needs. Whether you're facing Depression, ADHD, anxiety, anger management, marital issues/couples and family therapy, or grief, I provide a safe, supportive space for healing and growth. In addition, I have vast experience in pastoral care, premarital, couples, and grief counseling, offering a solution-focused approach tailored to your specific challenges. I can be available and accessible to meet your needs now.
(732) 538-9344 View (732) 538-9344
Photo of Tykeyia Byrd, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Red Bank, NJ
Tykeyia Byrd
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Red Bank, NJ 07701  (Online Only)
Tykeyia “Ty” Evans is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) who has 14 years of experience as a psychotherapist working with children, families, adults, couples, severe mental illness, and addictions. Ty also has experience in crisis intervention. She has worked with a broad range of concerns including psychosis, anxiety, depression, suicidal ideation, homicidal ideation, domestic violence, self-esteem issues, homelessness, family conflict, relationship issues, grief and loss, identity issues, and aging to name a few. Ty completed both her Bachelor of Social Work (BSW) and her Master of Social Work (MSW) at Rutgers University.
Tykeyia “Ty” Evans is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) who has 14 years of experience as a psychotherapist working with children, families, adults, couples, severe mental illness, and addictions. Ty also has experience in crisis intervention. She has worked with a broad range of concerns including psychosis, anxiety, depression, suicidal ideation, homicidal ideation, domestic violence, self-esteem issues, homelessness, family conflict, relationship issues, grief and loss, identity issues, and aging to name a few. Ty completed both her Bachelor of Social Work (BSW) and her Master of Social Work (MSW) at Rutgers University.
(732) 913-8566 View (732) 913-8566
Photo of Elizabeth Karlinski, Marriage & Family Therapist in Red Bank, NJ
Elizabeth Karlinski
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Red Bank, NJ 07701
My approach to therapy is influenced by Relational Life Therapy (RLT), Emotionally-Focused Therapy (EFT), Internal Family Systems therapy (IFS), and mindfulness-based approaches, such as Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT).
Life presents us with many challenges and sometimes we need help to navigate our way through them. I believe that true courage lies in our ability to ask for help. I also believe in the power of connection. We all need and thrive in healthy and fulfilling relationships. My therapeutic goal is to create the safe environment necessary for my clients to face the challenges that threaten their relationships, well-being and quality of life.
My approach to therapy is influenced by Relational Life Therapy (RLT), Emotionally-Focused Therapy (EFT), Internal Family Systems therapy (IFS), and mindfulness-based approaches, such as Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT).
Life presents us with many challenges and sometimes we need help to navigate our way through them. I believe that true courage lies in our ability to ask for help. I also believe in the power of connection. We all need and thrive in healthy and fulfilling relationships. My therapeutic goal is to create the safe environment necessary for my clients to face the challenges that threaten their relationships, well-being and quality of life.
(732) 875-0352 View (732) 875-0352
Photo of Legacy Consulting, LLC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Red Bank, NJ
Legacy Consulting, LLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Red Bank, NJ 07701
Legacy Consulting, LLC is a practice providing treatment to adults, couples, adolescents and families to heal the past and create promising futures. Individual therapy focuses on the specific problems of each Client using modalities that treat unique issues. Couples therapy focuses on three key problem areas in partnerships: relationships, finances and sex. Family therapy works with the family as a whole to develop improved communication and mutual support among family members. Women's Recovery Group processes grief, divorce, alcohol/substance use and relationships.
Legacy Consulting, LLC is a practice providing treatment to adults, couples, adolescents and families to heal the past and create promising futures. Individual therapy focuses on the specific problems of each Client using modalities that treat unique issues. Couples therapy focuses on three key problem areas in partnerships: relationships, finances and sex. Family therapy works with the family as a whole to develop improved communication and mutual support among family members. Women's Recovery Group processes grief, divorce, alcohol/substance use and relationships.
(732) 806-5139 View (732) 806-5139
Photo of Kristen Mulheren Levitt, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Red Bank, NJ
Kristen Mulheren Levitt
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MS, LCSW, PMH-C
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Red Bank, NJ 07701  (Online Only)
Trying to have a baby can be challenging. Infertility and pregnancy loss can effect your identity, life plans, relationships, and your coping strategies. Many individuals and couples going through infertility feel helpless, sad, isolated, angry, guilty, jealous of pregnant friends and family, frustrated, and nervous about the future. It is often difficult to make decisions about treatment, especially when partners do not agree on the next step. Very often, people find it hard to think or talk about anything other than having a baby. The idea of feeling and experiencing joy may feel inconceivable.
Trying to have a baby can be challenging. Infertility and pregnancy loss can effect your identity, life plans, relationships, and your coping strategies. Many individuals and couples going through infertility feel helpless, sad, isolated, angry, guilty, jealous of pregnant friends and family, frustrated, and nervous about the future. It is often difficult to make decisions about treatment, especially when partners do not agree on the next step. Very often, people find it hard to think or talk about anything other than having a baby. The idea of feeling and experiencing joy may feel inconceivable.
(732) 719-6557 View (732) 719-6557
Photo of Trauma, Couples and Family Therapy Aspera Therapy, Marriage & Family Therapist in Red Bank, NJ
Trauma, Couples and Family Therapy Aspera Therapy
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
Red Bank, NJ 07701
Connect. Awaken. Embody. We are a warm and holistic approach to healing. We offer individual, couples, and family therapy. Individual therapy allows us to explore your unique story and heal the parts of you keeping you stuck. Couples therapy provides the opportunity for couples to identify their destructive patterns and abandon blame in order to return to or begin a more loving, caring and mutually supportive relationship. Family therapy provides the opportunity and space to heal from relational trauma and connect to yourself and your loved ones in a deeper, more meaningful way.
Connect. Awaken. Embody. We are a warm and holistic approach to healing. We offer individual, couples, and family therapy. Individual therapy allows us to explore your unique story and heal the parts of you keeping you stuck. Couples therapy provides the opportunity for couples to identify their destructive patterns and abandon blame in order to return to or begin a more loving, caring and mutually supportive relationship. Family therapy provides the opportunity and space to heal from relational trauma and connect to yourself and your loved ones in a deeper, more meaningful way.
(732) 443-1470 View (732) 443-1470
Photo of James Devone, Licensed Professional Counselor in Red Bank, NJ
James Devone
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Red Bank, NJ 07701
A lot of focus on people with anxiety and depression disorder. Mood swings or other emotional midsections that are causing some level of conflict in their family, social, educational or financial life. A majority of the people I work vary in what they know about themselves from just knowing somethings and wanting to fix it to others being forced by a friend, family member or just some stranger that passed along my name to someone. Range of symptoms from minor to discharges from high levels of care.
A lot of focus on people with anxiety and depression disorder. Mood swings or other emotional midsections that are causing some level of conflict in their family, social, educational or financial life. A majority of the people I work vary in what they know about themselves from just knowing somethings and wanting to fix it to others being forced by a friend, family member or just some stranger that passed along my name to someone. Range of symptoms from minor to discharges from high levels of care.
(732) 479-7101 View (732) 479-7101
Photo of Stephanie Hall Rutledge, Licensed Professional Counselor in Red Bank, NJ
Stephanie Hall Rutledge
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC, NCC, ACS
Verified Verified
Red Bank, NJ 07701
In addition to maintaining a clinical practice, I am chair and professor in the Department of Clinical Mental Health Counseling at Emory & Henry. I am a Licensed Professional Counselor, specializing in grief counseling, trauma work, relationship concerns, and family conflict. I am an LGBTQ+ affirmative therapist. I am also trained in experiential modalities including Equine Assisted Psychotherapy and EMDR. Please reach out if you would like to schedule a quick call to see if we would be a good team!
In addition to maintaining a clinical practice, I am chair and professor in the Department of Clinical Mental Health Counseling at Emory & Henry. I am a Licensed Professional Counselor, specializing in grief counseling, trauma work, relationship concerns, and family conflict. I am an LGBTQ+ affirmative therapist. I am also trained in experiential modalities including Equine Assisted Psychotherapy and EMDR. Please reach out if you would like to schedule a quick call to see if we would be a good team!
(571) 506-6491 View (571) 506-6491
Amy C Aho
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Red Bank, NJ 07701
Clients often come back to see me years later for a tune-up or send other family members or friends to see me.
As a very experienced therapist, I have learned to tailor my strategies to your needs. I have been described by my clients as being direct but warm and caring. I take pride in my ability to be understanding and caring but to also offer guidance to help you reach your goals. My areas of expertise include anxiety and depression but I also see many clients who are experiencing difficulties due to life transitions, stressful and traumatic events and relationship problems. I have additional experience in helping those with physical illnesses and with grief. I see individuals, families and couples across the life span.
Clients often come back to see me years later for a tune-up or send other family members or friends to see me.
As a very experienced therapist, I have learned to tailor my strategies to your needs. I have been described by my clients as being direct but warm and caring. I take pride in my ability to be understanding and caring but to also offer guidance to help you reach your goals. My areas of expertise include anxiety and depression but I also see many clients who are experiencing difficulties due to life transitions, stressful and traumatic events and relationship problems. I have additional experience in helping those with physical illnesses and with grief. I see individuals, families and couples across the life span.
(732) 709-1114 View (732) 709-1114
Photo of Susana Pestana-Szwarc, Licensed Professional Counselor in Red Bank, NJ
Susana Pestana-Szwarc
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Red Bank, NJ 07701
I have specialized training in trauma, PTSD, sexual abuse, domestic violence, family/relationships issues, grief and life transitions.
Every person has the potential to create positive change in their life. Often many things get in way to achieve those goals, such trauma, depression, anxiety and fear. Far too often we struggle internally and not knowing where to turn. When life gets hard it is always wonderful to have someone there to help walk alongside with you through the hardships in life. My goal is to make this therapeutic experience as pleasing and positive for you. I am here to guide you through those hard patches along the way based on your needs.
I have specialized training in trauma, PTSD, sexual abuse, domestic violence, family/relationships issues, grief and life transitions.
Every person has the potential to create positive change in their life. Often many things get in way to achieve those goals, such trauma, depression, anxiety and fear. Far too often we struggle internally and not knowing where to turn. When life gets hard it is always wonderful to have someone there to help walk alongside with you through the hardships in life. My goal is to make this therapeutic experience as pleasing and positive for you. I am here to guide you through those hard patches along the way based on your needs.
(732) 507-9658 View (732) 507-9658
Photo of Samantha Fox, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Red Bank, NJ
Samantha Fox
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, JD
Verified Verified
Red Bank, NJ 07701  (Online Only)
Let’s talk! You deserve a helping hand to guide you on your self-exploration journey. It is common to experience a mix of emotions before beginning therapy. You may be feeling nervous about opening up, discussing past experiences, and are unsure of what to expect from the process. You may be hopeful that therapy will provide relief from personal struggles. You may also feel excited at the prospect of gaining new insights and coping strategies to navigate these difficulties. I want to help you take the first step towards a brighter tomorrow by investing in your well-being and cultivating a deeper understanding of yourself and others.
Let’s talk! You deserve a helping hand to guide you on your self-exploration journey. It is common to experience a mix of emotions before beginning therapy. You may be feeling nervous about opening up, discussing past experiences, and are unsure of what to expect from the process. You may be hopeful that therapy will provide relief from personal struggles. You may also feel excited at the prospect of gaining new insights and coping strategies to navigate these difficulties. I want to help you take the first step towards a brighter tomorrow by investing in your well-being and cultivating a deeper understanding of yourself and others.
(732) 444-8303 View (732) 444-8303
Photo of Corey M Lindner, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Red Bank, NJ
Corey M Lindner
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MA
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Red Bank, NJ 07701  (Online Only)
Have you ever wanted to feel different but were unsure how to proceed? Choosing to engage in therapy is a decision that one makes for a variety of reasons, often when things become hard, when emotions are overwhelming and seem insurmountable. Maybe you feel ready to make a change, but are unsure how to start. I employ a direct, warm and compassionate style of therapy, which supports and empowers individuals to develop a healthy sense of self and more satisfaction in their lives and relationships.
Have you ever wanted to feel different but were unsure how to proceed? Choosing to engage in therapy is a decision that one makes for a variety of reasons, often when things become hard, when emotions are overwhelming and seem insurmountable. Maybe you feel ready to make a change, but are unsure how to start. I employ a direct, warm and compassionate style of therapy, which supports and empowers individuals to develop a healthy sense of self and more satisfaction in their lives and relationships.
(848) 233-3505 View (848) 233-3505
Photo of Sally Rose Sauter, Licensed Professional Counselor in Red Bank, NJ
Sally Rose Sauter
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
Red Bank, NJ 07701
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor and Nationally Certified Counselor. I earned my B.A. in Psychology from The College of New Jersey. I earned my graduate degree in Professional Counseling from Monmouth University with highest honors. I completed my clinical hours at The College of New Jersey’s Counseling and Psychological Services (CAPS) as an individual and group psychotherapist. I worked in the field as a Community Health Educator and I have been a practicing psychotherapist since 2006. I have extensive experience in treating eating disorders, anxiety and depression, interpersonal strife, and OCD/OCPD.
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor and Nationally Certified Counselor. I earned my B.A. in Psychology from The College of New Jersey. I earned my graduate degree in Professional Counseling from Monmouth University with highest honors. I completed my clinical hours at The College of New Jersey’s Counseling and Psychological Services (CAPS) as an individual and group psychotherapist. I worked in the field as a Community Health Educator and I have been a practicing psychotherapist since 2006. I have extensive experience in treating eating disorders, anxiety and depression, interpersonal strife, and OCD/OCPD.
(732) 800-5739 View (732) 800-5739
Photo of Red Bank Couples Therapy & Individual Counseling, Psychologist in Red Bank, NJ
Red Bank Couples Therapy & Individual Counseling
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Red Bank, NJ 07701  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
DO YOU LONG FOR CLOSENESS AND CONNECTION but end up stuck in the same old conflicts? Do you want to improve communication and rekindle love and affection? Have you been harmed by an affair? As a specialist in marriage counseling and couples therapy, I help couples of all ages improve communication, end feelings of loneliness, and create intimacy, trust and true connection. I specialize in healing from affairs and infidelity. I am the first therapist in Monmouth County to be fully certified in Emotionally Focused Therapy, widely regarded as the most effective form of couples therapy available today.
DO YOU LONG FOR CLOSENESS AND CONNECTION but end up stuck in the same old conflicts? Do you want to improve communication and rekindle love and affection? Have you been harmed by an affair? As a specialist in marriage counseling and couples therapy, I help couples of all ages improve communication, end feelings of loneliness, and create intimacy, trust and true connection. I specialize in healing from affairs and infidelity. I am the first therapist in Monmouth County to be fully certified in Emotionally Focused Therapy, widely regarded as the most effective form of couples therapy available today.
(732) 936-1212 View (732) 936-1212
Photo of Gemma Health Coach, LLC in Red Bank, NJ
Gemma Health Coach, LLC
PCC, NBC-HWC, CAPP, CHNC
Verified Verified
Red Bank, NJ 07701
My ideal client is navigating life's stress and feeling stuck and unmotivated. They may be going through life changes, low self-esteem, relationship issues, and battling stress. They long to feel energized, confident, and in harmony with their mind and body. This client recognizes the need for change, understanding their current path is unsustainable and yearns for a fulfilling, healthful life. They seek not just a coach but a partner on their journey toward a happier, healthier existence. Their goals include mental clarity, emotional balance, and holistic health — a state of physical vitality where they don’t survive, but thrive.
My ideal client is navigating life's stress and feeling stuck and unmotivated. They may be going through life changes, low self-esteem, relationship issues, and battling stress. They long to feel energized, confident, and in harmony with their mind and body. This client recognizes the need for change, understanding their current path is unsustainable and yearns for a fulfilling, healthful life. They seek not just a coach but a partner on their journey toward a happier, healthier existence. Their goals include mental clarity, emotional balance, and holistic health — a state of physical vitality where they don’t survive, but thrive.
(732) 831-7530 View (732) 831-7530
Photo of Lynne Lehrkinder, Licensed Professional Counselor in Red Bank, NJ
Lynne Lehrkinder
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Red Bank, NJ 07701
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor who guides individuals to become their best self. I have helped clients transition to college, fostered a safe space for LGBTQ community members to "come out," valued grief therapy, and emphasized the power of mindfulness, meditation and self-awareness. I have worked with both victims and offenders of domestic violence and facilitated groups for Alternatives to Abuse. I have provided both individual and group Sexual Assault counseling and led groups for both survivors and their significant others.
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor who guides individuals to become their best self. I have helped clients transition to college, fostered a safe space for LGBTQ community members to "come out," valued grief therapy, and emphasized the power of mindfulness, meditation and self-awareness. I have worked with both victims and offenders of domestic violence and facilitated groups for Alternatives to Abuse. I have provided both individual and group Sexual Assault counseling and led groups for both survivors and their significant others.
(732) 733-4967 View (732) 733-4967
Photo of Crossroads Counseling Center, Marriage & Family Therapist in Red Bank, NJ
Crossroads Counseling Center
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Red Bank, NJ 07701
Accepting new clients! Are you feeling hopeless and even considering divorce? Are you drained from fighting with your partner? It is likely a different topic each time, but the pattern of the arguments feels the same. They leave you feeling unheard, misunderstood, and maybe rejected and hurt. Or, perhaps, you’re in a relationship others envy because on the outside, you appear to get along so well. But behind closed doors, there is no connection, fun or intimacy. Work, kids, or other stressors drain your time and energy, and you do little more with your partner than fall asleep next to them exhausted at the end of the day.
Accepting new clients! Are you feeling hopeless and even considering divorce? Are you drained from fighting with your partner? It is likely a different topic each time, but the pattern of the arguments feels the same. They leave you feeling unheard, misunderstood, and maybe rejected and hurt. Or, perhaps, you’re in a relationship others envy because on the outside, you appear to get along so well. But behind closed doors, there is no connection, fun or intimacy. Work, kids, or other stressors drain your time and energy, and you do little more with your partner than fall asleep next to them exhausted at the end of the day.
(848) 257-5304 View (848) 257-5304
Family Therapy

What do family therapists do?

A family therapist facilitates the process of understanding and improving how a family functions. The therapist will help family members develop empathy for one another. They’ll seek to understand existing patterns, misunderstandings, and conflicts that arise, in order to help the family arrive at a realistic, unified understanding and develop the coping skills they need to build stronger relationships.

How long does therapy for families take to work?

Therapy manifests differently in every family; a common time frame is 12 weekly sessions, but some families may see improvement after just a few weeks. Families should discuss their goals with the therapist at the beginning of the process and periodically revisit those goals to assess their progress together.

How can you encourage a family member to attend family therapy?

You can encourage family members to attend therapy by expressing with both love and concern the challenges you see and explaining how a therapist could help the family navigate those challenges together. An outside perspective can help everyone feel heard, get on the same page, and develop new skills. If family members are still hesitant, it may be helpful to emphasize that family therapy is short-term—it won’t last forever.

Is therapy for families effective?

Family therapy can significantly improve family dynamics and relationships. Research suggests that family therapy can help individuals understand their role in the family, communicate and solve problems together, reduce conflict and draw boundaries when necessary, and develop coping skills for stressors, major life changes, and mental or physical illnesses within the family.