Therapists in Roanoke, VA

Photo of Kelley Ott, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Kelley Ott
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Roanoke, VA 24015
What would life be like if you could spend more time doing what really matters instead of just making it through the day and surviving? Have you experienced hard things in your past that still affect you today, and you wish that would change? Do you feel that sharp twinge in your chest when you think about just how far away you are from the relationships you want? If you have ever struggled with motivation, meaning, a difficult childhood, or a relationship that has lost its fire and hope, you understand how painful and gray the world can be when life isn't working.
What would life be like if you could spend more time doing what really matters instead of just making it through the day and surviving? Have you experienced hard things in your past that still affect you today, and you wish that would change? Do you feel that sharp twinge in your chest when you think about just how far away you are from the relationships you want? If you have ever struggled with motivation, meaning, a difficult childhood, or a relationship that has lost its fire and hope, you understand how painful and gray the world can be when life isn't working.
(540) 210-1529 View (540) 210-1529
Photo of Sheri Meixner, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Sheri Meixner
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Roanoke, VA 24015
I believe the therapeutic process is a powerful tool for clients to grow and become healthier individuals and/or couples. My clinical experience settings include private practice, mental/behavioral health agencies, community college and medical social work services. Areas of experience include crisis work, substance use dependence, depression & anxiety, bipolar disorder, grief and loss, chronic illness, autism, and relationship issues. My therapeutic approach is eclectic, client centered, utilizing cognitive behavioral, solution focused, insight oriented, trauma informed and motivational interviewing and mindfulness.
I believe the therapeutic process is a powerful tool for clients to grow and become healthier individuals and/or couples. My clinical experience settings include private practice, mental/behavioral health agencies, community college and medical social work services. Areas of experience include crisis work, substance use dependence, depression & anxiety, bipolar disorder, grief and loss, chronic illness, autism, and relationship issues. My therapeutic approach is eclectic, client centered, utilizing cognitive behavioral, solution focused, insight oriented, trauma informed and motivational interviewing and mindfulness.
(540) 870-0554 View (540) 870-0554
Photo of Jeanna Grahl, MSE, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Jeanna Grahl
Licensed Professional Counselor, MSE, LPC
Verified Verified
Roanoke, VA 24012  (Online Only)
I offer counseling that is: person-centered, goal oriented, solution focused, trauma-informed, and strengths based. I understand that starting therapy can be an overwhelming process. I promise to be there for you during your healing journey. My goal is to help you you grow from your struggles and move forward to where you want to be in your life.
I offer counseling that is: person-centered, goal oriented, solution focused, trauma-informed, and strengths based. I understand that starting therapy can be an overwhelming process. I promise to be there for you during your healing journey. My goal is to help you you grow from your struggles and move forward to where you want to be in your life.
(540) 305-8751 View (540) 305-8751
Photo of Krysten Garrett, LPC, CSAC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Krysten Garrett
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, CSAC
Verified Verified
Roanoke, VA 24018
No matter what you do, you feel like you can’t get out from under the weight of the past. You have a hard time connecting with friends and family, or avoid them altogether, because they just can’t understand. You find yourself thinking “it wasn’t that bad. Other people have it worse. So why can't I feel better?” You can't sleep, have aches and pains, and other physical symptoms you can’t explain. Maybe you’ve tried to push these feelings away with work, relationships, alcohol, or Netflix. These feelings and behaviors can make you feel like you’re trapped in a maze with no end in sight.
No matter what you do, you feel like you can’t get out from under the weight of the past. You have a hard time connecting with friends and family, or avoid them altogether, because they just can’t understand. You find yourself thinking “it wasn’t that bad. Other people have it worse. So why can't I feel better?” You can't sleep, have aches and pains, and other physical symptoms you can’t explain. Maybe you’ve tried to push these feelings away with work, relationships, alcohol, or Netflix. These feelings and behaviors can make you feel like you’re trapped in a maze with no end in sight.
(540) 302-5766 View (540) 302-5766
Photo of Alexandra Berger, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Alexandra Berger
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Roanoke, VA 24011
Working with us you'll get results. Because we believe you're best served by a clinician who's passionate about not only their work, but who they work with as well. That's why we started Lifebulb - We're committed to building an organization that truly allows therapists to get back to enjoying their work, so you, our client, can receive the highest quality therapy services, whether in person at one of our locations or online through telehealth. We hire only highly trained and educated, licensed clinicians dedicated to the therapy process. We're confident we can help you achieve your therapy goals.
Working with us you'll get results. Because we believe you're best served by a clinician who's passionate about not only their work, but who they work with as well. That's why we started Lifebulb - We're committed to building an organization that truly allows therapists to get back to enjoying their work, so you, our client, can receive the highest quality therapy services, whether in person at one of our locations or online through telehealth. We hire only highly trained and educated, licensed clinicians dedicated to the therapy process. We're confident we can help you achieve your therapy goals.
(540) 781-0210 View (540) 781-0210
Photo of Jennifer G. Oginz, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Jennifer G. Oginz
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Roanoke, VA 24015
I’ve worked 30+ years as a therapist and am very lucky to have found my passion. My love has been nonprofit community mental health, and I have dedicated many years of service to nonprofits. Taking what I've learned from those experiences, has helped me to create my private practice. I have worked extensively with clients of all ages and stages in life, facilitated recovery groups and provided family/couples therapy. It is a true privilege to be invited into someone's life story. I have gained so much from the clients that I have served, and I can only hope they feel the same. This is a LGBTQ+ friendly service.
I’ve worked 30+ years as a therapist and am very lucky to have found my passion. My love has been nonprofit community mental health, and I have dedicated many years of service to nonprofits. Taking what I've learned from those experiences, has helped me to create my private practice. I have worked extensively with clients of all ages and stages in life, facilitated recovery groups and provided family/couples therapy. It is a true privilege to be invited into someone's life story. I have gained so much from the clients that I have served, and I can only hope they feel the same. This is a LGBTQ+ friendly service.
(540) 712-6173 View (540) 712-6173
Photo of Evan Marc Collins, MA, Pre-Licensed Professional
Evan Marc Collins
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
Roanoke, VA 24011
Evan is a licensed clinical mental health counselor associate working towards full licensure in the state of Virginia. Evan holds a Bachelor of Arts in sociology with a minor in political science from Arizona State University and a Master of Education in clinical mental health counseling from Auburn University. Evan has worked in both community mental health as a school-based therapist in Asheville, NC and as a concierge therapist working virtually at the Veal Group, LLC. Evan practices from a relationship-focused perspective, influenced by psychodynamic, trauma-informed narrative, and relational cultural theories.
Evan is a licensed clinical mental health counselor associate working towards full licensure in the state of Virginia. Evan holds a Bachelor of Arts in sociology with a minor in political science from Arizona State University and a Master of Education in clinical mental health counseling from Auburn University. Evan has worked in both community mental health as a school-based therapist in Asheville, NC and as a concierge therapist working virtually at the Veal Group, LLC. Evan practices from a relationship-focused perspective, influenced by psychodynamic, trauma-informed narrative, and relational cultural theories.
(540) 824-4511 View (540) 824-4511
Photo of Britt Tarzia - Mainstream Mental Health Services, Licensed Professional Counselor
Mainstream Mental Health Services
Licensed Professional Counselor
Verified Verified
Roanoke, VA 24016
Do worries impact your ability to focus on what matters most? Has life got you down and you’re not sure why? Maybe you do know why, but you don’t feel comfortable sharing with family and friends? Are you facing relationship challenges or maybe you're struggling with loving yourself? Mainstream Mental Health Services believes in providing goal-directed, person-centered counseling to individuals seeking support with life’s challenges. It is our mission to support our clients to develop the skills, understanding and overall ability to manage their mind and enhance their quality of life.
Do worries impact your ability to focus on what matters most? Has life got you down and you’re not sure why? Maybe you do know why, but you don’t feel comfortable sharing with family and friends? Are you facing relationship challenges or maybe you're struggling with loving yourself? Mainstream Mental Health Services believes in providing goal-directed, person-centered counseling to individuals seeking support with life’s challenges. It is our mission to support our clients to develop the skills, understanding and overall ability to manage their mind and enhance their quality of life.
(540) 966-5808 View (540) 966-5808
Photo of Gloria Polk Manns - Manns Counseling Services, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Manns Counseling Services
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Roanoke, VA 24017
Are you finding yourself “lost” after a “loss”? You could make use of grief counseling to return to a new and different life. Many times losses come with different looks such with depression with physical and emotional issues. We have treatment programs that can deal with depression and anxiety. Anger Management for Women and Men,Depression and Diabetes, and Men and Depression
Are you finding yourself “lost” after a “loss”? You could make use of grief counseling to return to a new and different life. Many times losses come with different looks such with depression with physical and emotional issues. We have treatment programs that can deal with depression and anxiety. Anger Management for Women and Men,Depression and Diabetes, and Men and Depression
(540) 692-9994 View (540) 692-9994
Photo of Madeline Nagel, PhD, Psychologist
Madeline Nagel
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Roanoke, VA 24018
I'm Dr. Nagel (they/them) and I'm here to help you get “unstuck” from old beliefs, habits, and strategies that just aren’t working anymore. You might feel buried under anxiety, panic, or trauma. You might want to embrace your most authentic self, but fear and uncertainty are keeping you stuck. Or perhaps you’re feeling worn down from the effort of navigating spaces that aren’t meant for LGBTQ+, neurodivergent, or people of color. As a licensed clinical psychologist and a nonbinary person, I am deeply familiar with the experience of navigating a world that doesn’t feel designed for me.
I'm Dr. Nagel (they/them) and I'm here to help you get “unstuck” from old beliefs, habits, and strategies that just aren’t working anymore. You might feel buried under anxiety, panic, or trauma. You might want to embrace your most authentic self, but fear and uncertainty are keeping you stuck. Or perhaps you’re feeling worn down from the effort of navigating spaces that aren’t meant for LGBTQ+, neurodivergent, or people of color. As a licensed clinical psychologist and a nonbinary person, I am deeply familiar with the experience of navigating a world that doesn’t feel designed for me.
(540) 766-5551 View (540) 766-5551
Photo of Lee M Sweeney, MA, Pre-Licensed Professional
Lee M Sweeney
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
Roanoke, VA 24016
I have worked in various roles with children, adults, and families since 2010 in community, outpatient and residential settings. I work from a perspective that emphasizes holistic wellness. Holistic wellness is achieved once your physical, mental, emotional, social, and spiritual components of health are in balance and alignment. My belief is that the best clinical work is achieved when you are motivated to take the necessary steps to find the happiness that you deserve.
I have worked in various roles with children, adults, and families since 2010 in community, outpatient and residential settings. I work from a perspective that emphasizes holistic wellness. Holistic wellness is achieved once your physical, mental, emotional, social, and spiritual components of health are in balance and alignment. My belief is that the best clinical work is achieved when you are motivated to take the necessary steps to find the happiness that you deserve.
(540) 410-1853 View (540) 410-1853
Photo of Keshawna Tiggle, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Keshawna Tiggle
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Roanoke, VA 24017
My name is Keshawna Tiggle and I'm a Licensed Professional Counseling (LPC) in Virginia. My approach to therapy is very much person-centered. Clients are in control of their lives and treatment and I'm here to support through the use of various empathetic interventions. I have years of experience working with individuals, who struggle with various mood disorders, anxiety, depression, suicidal ideation, self-harm, depression, life changes, school challenges, self-esteem, etc.
My name is Keshawna Tiggle and I'm a Licensed Professional Counseling (LPC) in Virginia. My approach to therapy is very much person-centered. Clients are in control of their lives and treatment and I'm here to support through the use of various empathetic interventions. I have years of experience working with individuals, who struggle with various mood disorders, anxiety, depression, suicidal ideation, self-harm, depression, life changes, school challenges, self-esteem, etc.
(804) 889-2952 View (804) 889-2952
Photo of Jennifer Bell, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Jennifer Bell
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Roanoke, VA 24016
I provide individual counseling services for adolescents 16 and older and adults who are experiencing chaos, pain, confusion, or who feel something is absent in their life. I work with you to increase your own self-awareness and utilize your strengths to create the positive growth you desire. I provide support, honesty, compassion, and encouragement as you go through your journey of growth and healing.
I provide individual counseling services for adolescents 16 and older and adults who are experiencing chaos, pain, confusion, or who feel something is absent in their life. I work with you to increase your own self-awareness and utilize your strengths to create the positive growth you desire. I provide support, honesty, compassion, and encouragement as you go through your journey of growth and healing.
(540) 724-0566 View (540) 724-0566
Photo of Bethany Gravely - Lifebulb Counseling & Therapy, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Lifebulb Counseling & Therapy
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Roanoke, VA 24011
We're confident we can help you achieve your therapy goals. We believe you're best served by a therapist passionate about not only their work, but who they work with as well. That's why we started Lifebulb - We're committed to helping therapists to get back to enjoying their work, so you, our client, can receive the highest quality therapy services, whether in person at one of our locations or online through telehealth. We hire only highly trained and educated, licensed clinicians dedicated to the therapy process. Working with us, you'll get results.
We're confident we can help you achieve your therapy goals. We believe you're best served by a therapist passionate about not only their work, but who they work with as well. That's why we started Lifebulb - We're committed to helping therapists to get back to enjoying their work, so you, our client, can receive the highest quality therapy services, whether in person at one of our locations or online through telehealth. We hire only highly trained and educated, licensed clinicians dedicated to the therapy process. Working with us, you'll get results.
(540) 779-5092 View (540) 779-5092
Photo of Deneen Logan Evans, PhD, LCSW, Counselor
Deneen Logan Evans
Counselor, PhD, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Roanoke, VA 24012
Dr. Deneen Evans has over 30 years experience partnering with diverse clients. Her practice is based on principles of social justice, diversity and inclusion and she empowers clients to restore their mental wellness by identifying their strengths and resources. Dr. Evans enjoys working with teenagers, women and families and has experience with issues related to depression, anxiety, grief, disability, racial identity and trauma.
Dr. Deneen Evans has over 30 years experience partnering with diverse clients. Her practice is based on principles of social justice, diversity and inclusion and she empowers clients to restore their mental wellness by identifying their strengths and resources. Dr. Evans enjoys working with teenagers, women and families and has experience with issues related to depression, anxiety, grief, disability, racial identity and trauma.
(540) 274-2604 View (540) 274-2604
Photo of Bobbie-jo Hurt, LPC, CSAC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Bobbie-jo Hurt
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, CSAC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Roanoke, VA 24012
If you're ready to dig into the underlying causes of your distress and do the work to heal, I'm your therapist. I'm a relaxed personality who prefers cozy sweaters over suits. I love to laugh and connect. When you come to my office, I want you feel comfortable and cared about. I focus each session on you and what your needs are. I have been working in the mental health field since 2005, working with adults/teens; providing individual therapy, couples therapy, group therapy and family therapy. I am a licensed therapist and a Certified Substance Abuse Counselor. My focus areas are relationships, anxiety, depression, addiction & trauma
If you're ready to dig into the underlying causes of your distress and do the work to heal, I'm your therapist. I'm a relaxed personality who prefers cozy sweaters over suits. I love to laugh and connect. When you come to my office, I want you feel comfortable and cared about. I focus each session on you and what your needs are. I have been working in the mental health field since 2005, working with adults/teens; providing individual therapy, couples therapy, group therapy and family therapy. I am a licensed therapist and a Certified Substance Abuse Counselor. My focus areas are relationships, anxiety, depression, addiction & trauma
(540) 696-5574 View (540) 696-5574
Photo of Megan White, MA, Pre-Licensed Professional
Megan White
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
Roanoke, VA 24016
Life can deal out a variety of circumstances that we have to learn how to navigate, but you don’t have to do that alone. We can walk through those complex situations together in a way where you feel comfortable and supported. I am passionate about racial, cultural, and sexual orientation diversity as well as church/religion related trauma. Your counseling journey with me will be LBGTQ+ affirming. I have experience working with individuals concerning depression, anxiety, stress management, work life balance, sexual abuse, and coping with life transition.
Life can deal out a variety of circumstances that we have to learn how to navigate, but you don’t have to do that alone. We can walk through those complex situations together in a way where you feel comfortable and supported. I am passionate about racial, cultural, and sexual orientation diversity as well as church/religion related trauma. Your counseling journey with me will be LBGTQ+ affirming. I have experience working with individuals concerning depression, anxiety, stress management, work life balance, sexual abuse, and coping with life transition.
(540) 516-4542 View (540) 516-4542
Photo of Tara Waller, MSW, LCSW, CSOTP, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Tara Waller
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, CSOTP
Verified Verified
Roanoke, VA 24017
Hello, my name is Tara Waller. I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW). I spent my childhood growing up in Ohio and West Virginia and relocated to Roanoke in 2019. In my free time I enjoy reading, writing, crocheting, spending time with my fur-kids, and exploring the world around us. I am allied with the LQBTQ+ community. I enjoy working with children, adolescents, and adults who have a spectrum of needs.
Hello, my name is Tara Waller. I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW). I spent my childhood growing up in Ohio and West Virginia and relocated to Roanoke in 2019. In my free time I enjoy reading, writing, crocheting, spending time with my fur-kids, and exploring the world around us. I am allied with the LQBTQ+ community. I enjoy working with children, adolescents, and adults who have a spectrum of needs.
(540) 551-7531 View (540) 551-7531
Photo of Zach Pennington, MA-CMHC, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Zach Pennington
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA-CMHC, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Roanoke, VA 24019
Feeling stuck in life or relationship? As a Licensed Professional Counselor, I have completed doctoral level coursework and currently hold dual Masters’ Degrees in Marriage and Family Therapy and Clinical Mental Health Counseling. I enjoy working with individuals who may be struggling with ADHD, Anxiety, Depression, Complex Trauma, and PTSD that negatively impacts personal, occupational life, family, and relationship. For the last ten years, I have built a strong reputation in our community for my ability to make meaningful and transformative connections with others.
Feeling stuck in life or relationship? As a Licensed Professional Counselor, I have completed doctoral level coursework and currently hold dual Masters’ Degrees in Marriage and Family Therapy and Clinical Mental Health Counseling. I enjoy working with individuals who may be struggling with ADHD, Anxiety, Depression, Complex Trauma, and PTSD that negatively impacts personal, occupational life, family, and relationship. For the last ten years, I have built a strong reputation in our community for my ability to make meaningful and transformative connections with others.
(540) 390-1780 View (540) 390-1780
Photo of Nancy Long, FNP-BC
Nancy Long
FNP-BC
Verified Verified
Roanoke, VA 24012  (Online Only)
As a board-certified Family Nurse Practitioner, I completed my graduate degree at Savannah University in Savannah, Georgia. With over six years of experience, I have dedicated my career to treating and caring for patients with ADD and ADHD. My practice also encompasses a wide range of services, including behavioral health, primary care, and internal medicine.
As a board-certified Family Nurse Practitioner, I completed my graduate degree at Savannah University in Savannah, Georgia. With over six years of experience, I have dedicated my career to treating and caring for patients with ADD and ADHD. My practice also encompasses a wide range of services, including behavioral health, primary care, and internal medicine.
(540) 787-3649 View (540) 787-3649
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How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Roanoke, VA

300+

Average cost per session

$131

Therapists in Roanoke, VA who prioritize treating:

94% Anxiety
89% Depression
76% Trauma and PTSD
72% Coping Skills
72% Stress
71% Self Esteem
67% Relationship Issues

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

77% Aetna
75% Elevance
70% BlueCross and BlueShield

How Therapists in Roanoke, VA see their clients

69% In Person and Online
31% Online Only

Gender breakdown

83% Female
16% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Roanoke?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.