Chronic Illness Therapists in Fairfield, CT

Photo of Mary P Dunleavy Counseling Services LLC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Fairfield, CT
Mary P Dunleavy Counseling Services LLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Fairfield, CT 06824
I offer a safe, compassionate environment to help people who struggle with chronic illness, such as, addiction, PTSD, neurodegenerative disorders and the anxiety, grief and depression that can accompany them. I am skilled in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Mindfulness, and 12 Step Facilitation for addiction and codependence. I have experience working with couples and individuals. I would be honored to work with you to help you arrive at solutions, identify support systems and provide emotional support on your journey to healing.
I offer a safe, compassionate environment to help people who struggle with chronic illness, such as, addiction, PTSD, neurodegenerative disorders and the anxiety, grief and depression that can accompany them. I am skilled in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Mindfulness, and 12 Step Facilitation for addiction and codependence. I have experience working with couples and individuals. I would be honored to work with you to help you arrive at solutions, identify support systems and provide emotional support on your journey to healing.
(203) 344-7565 View (203) 344-7565
Photo of Rachel Kaplan, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Fairfield, CT
Rachel Kaplan
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
Fairfield, CT 06824  (Online Only)
I specialize in working with individuals dealing with anxiety, chronic illness, life transitions, relationship dynamics, and perfectionism.
Maybe you're unsure of what is bothering you, but are aware that something isn’t working for you anymore. Perhaps you're supportive and patient with others, but are self-critical, high-achieving, and set unrealistic expectations for yourself. Maybe you're tired of worrying all the time or feeling stuck in cycles of thinking about the same things. Until now, you've likely been pushing yourself to cope with what you’ve been feeling on your own. If you tend to prioritize others, you may be hoping to learn how to set healthy boundaries and communicate assertively, so you can better tend to your own needs.
I specialize in working with individuals dealing with anxiety, chronic illness, life transitions, relationship dynamics, and perfectionism.
Maybe you're unsure of what is bothering you, but are aware that something isn’t working for you anymore. Perhaps you're supportive and patient with others, but are self-critical, high-achieving, and set unrealistic expectations for yourself. Maybe you're tired of worrying all the time or feeling stuck in cycles of thinking about the same things. Until now, you've likely been pushing yourself to cope with what you’ve been feeling on your own. If you tend to prioritize others, you may be hoping to learn how to set healthy boundaries and communicate assertively, so you can better tend to your own needs.
(646) 846-7008 View (646) 846-7008
Photo of Dr. Robin Wachs, Psychologist in Fairfield, CT
Dr. Robin Wachs
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Fairfield, CT 06825
My specialty area is helping people cope with Chronic Illness.
If you're consumed by feeling stuck and unhappy, it makes sense to seek help. Anxiety, depression, anger, conflict, sadness...all can be addressed, alleviated and/or well managed. Even if you struggle with significant health issues, challenging relationships, or other difficult life circumstances, there are paths to relief and greater happiness. In a welcoming, and non-judgemental setting, I invite you to discuss whatever is weighing on you. We will first define your goals, and by working together, address them. You will gain clarity, new perspectives, and better coping skills. You will leave feeling clearer, better, and stronger.
My specialty area is helping people cope with Chronic Illness.
If you're consumed by feeling stuck and unhappy, it makes sense to seek help. Anxiety, depression, anger, conflict, sadness...all can be addressed, alleviated and/or well managed. Even if you struggle with significant health issues, challenging relationships, or other difficult life circumstances, there are paths to relief and greater happiness. In a welcoming, and non-judgemental setting, I invite you to discuss whatever is weighing on you. We will first define your goals, and by working together, address them. You will gain clarity, new perspectives, and better coping skills. You will leave feeling clearer, better, and stronger.
(475) 234-2551 View (475) 234-2551
Photo of Stephanie Fernandez, Psychologist in Fairfield, CT
Stephanie Fernandez
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Fairfield, CT 06825  (Online Only)
I am a Yale-educated clinical psychologist who is a skilled diagnostician and compassionate therapist. I treat adults with anxiety, depression, OCD, grief, and stress associated with life transitions and career difficulties. I also help adults who have medical health conditions and co-occurring mental health symptoms, such as problems with chronic pain, chronic illness, and weight management. I offer Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia (CBT-I), a short-term treatment to remedy problematic sleeping patterns. I also offer diagnostic consultation for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder for adults.
I am a Yale-educated clinical psychologist who is a skilled diagnostician and compassionate therapist. I treat adults with anxiety, depression, OCD, grief, and stress associated with life transitions and career difficulties. I also help adults who have medical health conditions and co-occurring mental health symptoms, such as problems with chronic pain, chronic illness, and weight management. I offer Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia (CBT-I), a short-term treatment to remedy problematic sleeping patterns. I also offer diagnostic consultation for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder for adults.
(203) 678-8850 View (203) 678-8850
Photo of Betrayal Trauma and Sex Addiction, Licensed Professional Counselor in Fairfield, CT
Betrayal Trauma and Sex Addiction
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, NCC, LPC, APSATS, Trainee
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Fairfield, CT 06824
Betrayal Trauma, Sex/Porn Addiction; Infedility; Deconstructing Gaslighting; Inner Child Recovery; Life Transitions; Grief & Loss; Chronic Illness; Neurodivergence; Divorce; LGBTQIA+; Self-Advocacy, Parent/Child Relationships; Assertiveness Skills; Social Thinking.
As of 3/27/24 we have daytime appointments available for ages 18 and older with Tara Beall-Gomes. Tara specializes in Betrayal Trauma for partners of Sex, Porn, Love, Lust Addicts, and infidelity. As a therapy group, we are rooted in building therapeutic relationships that lead to self-discovery and the development of healthy behavioral patterns, focusing on optimizing mental health and daily functioning. Whether you're feeling stuck or facing other challenges, we are here to help you achieve optimal mental health and reduce the obstacles in your life that may be holding you back.
Betrayal Trauma, Sex/Porn Addiction; Infedility; Deconstructing Gaslighting; Inner Child Recovery; Life Transitions; Grief & Loss; Chronic Illness; Neurodivergence; Divorce; LGBTQIA+; Self-Advocacy, Parent/Child Relationships; Assertiveness Skills; Social Thinking.
As of 3/27/24 we have daytime appointments available for ages 18 and older with Tara Beall-Gomes. Tara specializes in Betrayal Trauma for partners of Sex, Porn, Love, Lust Addicts, and infidelity. As a therapy group, we are rooted in building therapeutic relationships that lead to self-discovery and the development of healthy behavioral patterns, focusing on optimizing mental health and daily functioning. Whether you're feeling stuck or facing other challenges, we are here to help you achieve optimal mental health and reduce the obstacles in your life that may be holding you back.
(475) 264-6664 View (475) 264-6664
Photo of Kim Oliver, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Fairfield, CT
Kim Oliver
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PhD, LCSW, CSAT
Verified Verified
Fairfield, CT 06824
My work as a therapist stems from my training, and experience in helping families for more than two decades. I am also guided by my personal understanding of the challenges involved in raising a family in Fairfield County. My approach is relaxed, pragmatic and respectful of the strengths that all families possess, even during times of struggle. Throughout my professional life I have devoted part of my practice to working with children, teens and families. I work closely with parents while giving pragmatic advice designed to address issues, such as anxiety, depression, substance abuse, school issues and chronic illness.
My work as a therapist stems from my training, and experience in helping families for more than two decades. I am also guided by my personal understanding of the challenges involved in raising a family in Fairfield County. My approach is relaxed, pragmatic and respectful of the strengths that all families possess, even during times of struggle. Throughout my professional life I have devoted part of my practice to working with children, teens and families. I work closely with parents while giving pragmatic advice designed to address issues, such as anxiety, depression, substance abuse, school issues and chronic illness.
(203) 222-0746 View (203) 222-0746
Photo of Margaret Bauer, Psychologist in Fairfield, CT
Margaret Bauer
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Fairfield, CT 06430  (Online Only)
She is adept in assisting individuals managing the impact of chronic illness (such as cancer, chronic pain, heart disease, COPD) on their emotional well-being and sense of identity.
Dr. Bauer specializes in assisting individuals struggling with mental health (anxiety, depression), physical health concerns (cancer, pain), and life transitions (job change, relationship problems). Therapy with Dr. Bauer involves identifying goals and working collaboratively to achieve them. Dr. Bauer provides a compassionate, non-judgmental space in which clients can safely explore the life experiences that have shaped them and what might be getting in the way of them living their desired life. She utilizes various evidenced-based interventions to help clients develop skills to manage emotions and make the changes they want.
She is adept in assisting individuals managing the impact of chronic illness (such as cancer, chronic pain, heart disease, COPD) on their emotional well-being and sense of identity.
Dr. Bauer specializes in assisting individuals struggling with mental health (anxiety, depression), physical health concerns (cancer, pain), and life transitions (job change, relationship problems). Therapy with Dr. Bauer involves identifying goals and working collaboratively to achieve them. Dr. Bauer provides a compassionate, non-judgmental space in which clients can safely explore the life experiences that have shaped them and what might be getting in the way of them living their desired life. She utilizes various evidenced-based interventions to help clients develop skills to manage emotions and make the changes they want.
(203) 941-5265 View (203) 941-5265
Photo of Maria Raffia, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Fairfield, CT
Maria Raffia
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, PMH-C
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Fairfield, CT 06430  (Online Only)
I also specialize in areas of depression, anxiety, grief & loss, health/chronic illness, life transitions, attachment trauma & life stress.
Recognizing you need support or that something needs to shift in your life is truly brave. I’m deeply committed to building a collaborative relationship with my clients. I meet you where you’re at, provide a safe space to process feelings and experiences, and help you discover your path to heal and thrive. I work from a person-centered, strength-based approach & believe that building trust within the therapeutic relationship is an important piece to successful therapy. My therapy style is eclectic, I incorporate different treatment styles to meet your unique needs. No two people are the same, therefore therapy should reflect this.
I also specialize in areas of depression, anxiety, grief & loss, health/chronic illness, life transitions, attachment trauma & life stress.
Recognizing you need support or that something needs to shift in your life is truly brave. I’m deeply committed to building a collaborative relationship with my clients. I meet you where you’re at, provide a safe space to process feelings and experiences, and help you discover your path to heal and thrive. I work from a person-centered, strength-based approach & believe that building trust within the therapeutic relationship is an important piece to successful therapy. My therapy style is eclectic, I incorporate different treatment styles to meet your unique needs. No two people are the same, therefore therapy should reflect this.
(203) 590-8412 View (203) 590-8412
Photo of Megan Mountcastle, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Fairfield, CT
Megan Mountcastle
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Fairfield, CT 06824  (Online Only)
You're grappling with painful grief and can't make sense of a loss or sudden life change. You don’t feel like yourself anymore and have lost track of where you’re headed. You have a health challenge like IBS that keeps you stuck in a painful cycle of emotional and physical turmoil and you feel resentful, frustrated, and angry with your body. Your worries about your symptoms flaring up rule your life and you’re stuck on a spin cycle of physical and emotional pain. You're lost. You’re paralyzed by anxiety, worry, overthinking and self-criticism and you can't focus. Stress, worry and panic have taken over the joy and meaning in life.
You're grappling with painful grief and can't make sense of a loss or sudden life change. You don’t feel like yourself anymore and have lost track of where you’re headed. You have a health challenge like IBS that keeps you stuck in a painful cycle of emotional and physical turmoil and you feel resentful, frustrated, and angry with your body. Your worries about your symptoms flaring up rule your life and you’re stuck on a spin cycle of physical and emotional pain. You're lost. You’re paralyzed by anxiety, worry, overthinking and self-criticism and you can't focus. Stress, worry and panic have taken over the joy and meaning in life.
(203) 496-4167 View (203) 496-4167
Photo of Debra Dorfman Botens, Psychologist in Fairfield, CT
Debra Dorfman Botens
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Fairfield, CT 06824
A friend and colleague once wrote "I have known Debra since she took a position in 1994 as a Clinical Psychologist in our regional hospital. Physicians, nurses, and I were soon taken by her warmth, compassion, and ability to help others, even those with the most difficult of problems. She demonstrated an affinity for children, adolescents, and families, having an instinctual playful approach with children, easy connection with adolescents, and sensitivity toward families." Since that time, I - Debra - have attempted to join others along their path and walk with them toward a better future.
A friend and colleague once wrote "I have known Debra since she took a position in 1994 as a Clinical Psychologist in our regional hospital. Physicians, nurses, and I were soon taken by her warmth, compassion, and ability to help others, even those with the most difficult of problems. She demonstrated an affinity for children, adolescents, and families, having an instinctual playful approach with children, easy connection with adolescents, and sensitivity toward families." Since that time, I - Debra - have attempted to join others along their path and walk with them toward a better future.
(475) 882-8685 View (475) 882-8685
Photo of Lori Pace, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Fairfield, CT
Lori Pace
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Fairfield, CT 06825  (Online Only)
I am very kind and compassionate. I look for the strengths in people. I am focused and present and here to assist your in you life. I help my clients go inward and find their own way. My work also involves improving self-esteem and boundary setting if needed. I have years of experience helping people cope with serious illnesses such as cancer or other diseases. I am experienced with grief and loss and caregiver strain as well.
I am very kind and compassionate. I look for the strengths in people. I am focused and present and here to assist your in you life. I help my clients go inward and find their own way. My work also involves improving self-esteem and boundary setting if needed. I have years of experience helping people cope with serious illnesses such as cancer or other diseases. I am experienced with grief and loss and caregiver strain as well.
(203) 625-1475 View (203) 625-1475
Photo of Tracy A Livecchi, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Fairfield, CT
Tracy A Livecchi
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Fairfield, CT 06824  (Online Only)
Change is possible...I believe that part of my job is to offer hope to those who come to me through education, support and personal connection. When working with an individual, I focus not only on one's current situation and goals, but also on their past experiences. I believe that often, past experiences or traumas continue to affect you via dysfunctional relationship patterns, unhealthy behaviors or by leaving you with an overall sense of "feeling stuck". With the help of an experienced therapist, one can begin to see those connections and it is then that the real change can begin.
Change is possible...I believe that part of my job is to offer hope to those who come to me through education, support and personal connection. When working with an individual, I focus not only on one's current situation and goals, but also on their past experiences. I believe that often, past experiences or traumas continue to affect you via dysfunctional relationship patterns, unhealthy behaviors or by leaving you with an overall sense of "feeling stuck". With the help of an experienced therapist, one can begin to see those connections and it is then that the real change can begin.
(203) 318-4379 View (203) 318-4379
Photo of Margaret Ziegler in Fairfield, CT
Margaret Ziegler
APRN, NP-C
Verified Verified
Fairfield, CT 06825
As a board certified Nurse Practitioner, certified Reiki Master & certified Meditation Teacher I offer an integrative approach to evaluate and treat each patient holistically, considering the physical, mental, emotional and spiritual bodies. My practice involves counseling and holistic interventions.
As a board certified Nurse Practitioner, certified Reiki Master & certified Meditation Teacher I offer an integrative approach to evaluate and treat each patient holistically, considering the physical, mental, emotional and spiritual bodies. My practice involves counseling and holistic interventions.
(475) 283-9949 View (475) 283-9949
Photo of Stephanie Anderson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Fairfield, CT
Stephanie Anderson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Fairfield, CT 06824
Stephanie is a graduate from the University of St. Thomas with a Master's in Social Work and a Bachelor's in Psychology from North Dakota State University. She is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker and is EMDR trained. She works primarily with adolescents, young adults, and adults. Stephanie is skilled in and enjoys supporting individuals who are struggling with life transitions, depression, anxiety, trauma, medical issues, chronic and terminal illness, grief, and difficult relationships.
Stephanie is a graduate from the University of St. Thomas with a Master's in Social Work and a Bachelor's in Psychology from North Dakota State University. She is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker and is EMDR trained. She works primarily with adolescents, young adults, and adults. Stephanie is skilled in and enjoys supporting individuals who are struggling with life transitions, depression, anxiety, trauma, medical issues, chronic and terminal illness, grief, and difficult relationships.
(203) 349-9606 View (203) 349-9606
Photo of Vanessa Laurent, Psychologist in Fairfield, CT
Vanessa Laurent
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Fairfield, CT 06824  (Online Only)
I am a licensed psychologist with an interest in helping people live the life they want. I will help you gain self-awareness and understanding to help you be better able to manage and control your emotions, and by extension, your life. I have provided therapeutic services for over 10 years. I employ a multimodal approach to therapy, but would primarily characterize me as a cognitive-behavioral therapist, with specific training in family intervention, behavioral modification, and trauma-informed care.
I am a licensed psychologist with an interest in helping people live the life they want. I will help you gain self-awareness and understanding to help you be better able to manage and control your emotions, and by extension, your life. I have provided therapeutic services for over 10 years. I employ a multimodal approach to therapy, but would primarily characterize me as a cognitive-behavioral therapist, with specific training in family intervention, behavioral modification, and trauma-informed care.
(475) 999-2447 View (475) 999-2447
Photo of Fairfield County Groups, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Fairfield, CT
Fairfield County Groups
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Fairfield, CT 06824
Fairfield County Groups are facilitated by Nicole D. Commercio, LCSW, a licensed clinical social worker and psychotherapist with 25+ years of experience. All groups are held either weekly or biweekly in Fairfield, CT.
Fairfield County Groups are facilitated by Nicole D. Commercio, LCSW, a licensed clinical social worker and psychotherapist with 25+ years of experience. All groups are held either weekly or biweekly in Fairfield, CT.
(475) 471-0678 View (475) 471-0678
Photo of Nancy M. Bottger, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Fairfield, CT
Nancy M. Bottger
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, SEP
Verified Verified
Fairfield, CT 06824
Waitlist for new clients
I help people make sense of their internal lives by helping to identify and understand the spectrum of emotions one feels in a safe, nonjudgmental environment. I help give feelings and behaviors a deeper context for understanding which is an essential first step towards healing. I'm passionate about my work and have 28 yrs of experience working with individuals and couples. My style is engaged, collaborative, and direct. I started off as a "family systems" trained social worker, and later obtained certificates in both Psychoanalysis in 2006 and Somatic Experiencing Therapy in 2019 (body-based/trauma).
I help people make sense of their internal lives by helping to identify and understand the spectrum of emotions one feels in a safe, nonjudgmental environment. I help give feelings and behaviors a deeper context for understanding which is an essential first step towards healing. I'm passionate about my work and have 28 yrs of experience working with individuals and couples. My style is engaged, collaborative, and direct. I started off as a "family systems" trained social worker, and later obtained certificates in both Psychoanalysis in 2006 and Somatic Experiencing Therapy in 2019 (body-based/trauma).
(860) 253-2065 View (860) 253-2065
Photo of Fairfield County Support Groups, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Fairfield, CT
Fairfield County Support Groups
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Fairfield, CT 06824
Fairfield County Support Groups are facilitated by Nicole D. Commercio, LCSW, a licensed clinical social worker with 25+ years of experience. The groups are held in Fairfield, CT. Fairfield County Support Groups does not accept insurance, is $75 per each session group, and is required at the time of service. These are "open groups" with no end date. You will decide when to leave the group and you will always be welcome back. We are currently running an Infertility and a Caregiver support group will soon be offered.
Fairfield County Support Groups are facilitated by Nicole D. Commercio, LCSW, a licensed clinical social worker with 25+ years of experience. The groups are held in Fairfield, CT. Fairfield County Support Groups does not accept insurance, is $75 per each session group, and is required at the time of service. These are "open groups" with no end date. You will decide when to leave the group and you will always be welcome back. We are currently running an Infertility and a Caregiver support group will soon be offered.
(475) 473-9607 View (475) 473-9607
Photo of Lauren Hickson, Licensed Professional Counselor in Fairfield, CT
Lauren Hickson
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Fairfield, CT 06824
I believe we can always improve ourselves, no matter what age, as long as we have the motivation, support, and courage to acknowledge our imperfections. I am a Professional Counselor with over a decade of experience serving late teens and adults in community mental health settings and private practice. I have experience in the treatment of depression, anxiety, challenging life transitions, grief, trauma, relational difficulties, and substance abuse. I have additional training and passion in the field of postpartum depression and anxiety.
I believe we can always improve ourselves, no matter what age, as long as we have the motivation, support, and courage to acknowledge our imperfections. I am a Professional Counselor with over a decade of experience serving late teens and adults in community mental health settings and private practice. I have experience in the treatment of depression, anxiety, challenging life transitions, grief, trauma, relational difficulties, and substance abuse. I have additional training and passion in the field of postpartum depression and anxiety.
(203) 403-6252 View (203) 403-6252
Photo of Deborah Portnay, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Fairfield, CT
Deborah Portnay
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Not Verified Not Verified
2 Endorsed
Fairfield, CT 06824
For the past 18 years, I have maintained a private practice in Fairfield, CT that specializes in individual and couples therapy. Providing a warm, compassionate and safe environment, I help my clients attain the personal growth they're striving for. My years of training and experience have given me a strong belief in the resilience people have and their capacity to develop new skills that will help them create a more emotionally satisfying life.
For the past 18 years, I have maintained a private practice in Fairfield, CT that specializes in individual and couples therapy. Providing a warm, compassionate and safe environment, I help my clients attain the personal growth they're striving for. My years of training and experience have given me a strong belief in the resilience people have and their capacity to develop new skills that will help them create a more emotionally satisfying life.
(203) 590-8604 View (203) 590-8604
Chronic Illness Therapists

How does therapy for chronic illness work?

Many people living with a chronic illness may feel they cannot speak honestly about their experience out of embarrassment or fear of being a burden, or because those close to them do not understand, for example, that they may “look good” even if they do not feel good. Therapy sessions are an opportunity to speak openly with someone who knows their symptoms are not in their head and who can offer practical, proven suggestions for managing feelings of grief, shame, or fatigue, such as techniques to challenge unhelpful thoughts about symptoms and develop new ways to respond to them, such as distraction or calming breathing practices.

Can therapy help with physical symptoms of chronic illness?

Yes, especially if an individual with chronic illness has developed depression. People with depression are less likely to maintain their health treatment regimens or to take positive steps to manage physical symptoms when they arise, thereby potentially complicating their medical prognosis. Treatment of depression, through talk therapy, medication, or both, will often improve one’s physical state as it eases the emotional burden of illness.

What are the most effective treatment options for chronic illness?

No one living with a chronic illness, or their loved ones, should see depression as an unavoidable result of their condition. Instead, they should actively seek treatment. Research shows that people with depression are less likely to devote the required time and effort to maintaining or monitoring their health, and so therapy to limit the risk of depression can be vital for physical health as well. Therapeutic approaches such as cognitive behavioral therapy and mindfulness-based stress reduction have been found to help individuals reduce stress and anxiety.

How long does therapy for chronic illness take?

There is no set timeline for therapy for people living with chronic illnesses, but many will see a therapist for a number of weeks or months, typically spanning at least 12 weekly sessions. Some people feel that they experience progress faster than others but even some who quickly feel improvement may continue with sessions for months or years. Some people may benefit from maintenance therapy if their symptoms change or they experience a decline in physical health. Others find that the skills learned in short-term therapy can be used on an ongoing basis, even after therapy has concluded.