Photo of Carolyn Balparda, Registered Psychotherapist in Middlebury, VT
Carolyn Balparda
Registered Psychotherapist, MS
Verified Verified
Middlebury, VT 05753  (Online Only)
I use CBT and DBT techniques, coupled with humanistic, feminist and relational therapies to create an empathy-based, trauma-informed, culturally competent approach tailored to neurodivergent needs.
Hi there! Are you struggling to feel joy in your everyday life? Do you have difficulty managing your stress or worries? Are you looking to gain more insight into repeating patterns in your life? We all go through tough times in our lives, and talking to a professional can be incredibly helpful in not only learning new ways to approach the problems we face, but also in building resilience, finding joy and creating meaning through adversity. I have a focus on working with neurodivergent folks assigned female at birth.
I use CBT and DBT techniques, coupled with humanistic, feminist and relational therapies to create an empathy-based, trauma-informed, culturally competent approach tailored to neurodivergent needs.
Hi there! Are you struggling to feel joy in your everyday life? Do you have difficulty managing your stress or worries? Are you looking to gain more insight into repeating patterns in your life? We all go through tough times in our lives, and talking to a professional can be incredibly helpful in not only learning new ways to approach the problems we face, but also in building resilience, finding joy and creating meaning through adversity. I have a focus on working with neurodivergent folks assigned female at birth.
(802) 328-9316 View (802) 328-9316
Photo of Dr. Grisel Lopez-Escobar, Counselor in Middlebury, VT
Dr. Grisel Lopez-Escobar
Counselor, PhD, LMHC, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Middlebury, VT 05753  (Online Only)
Are you newly secular? Did you leave a religion or are you in the process of doing so? You've been considering therapy for a long time, but still, you hesitate. It can be challenging to move forward and you sometimes feel haunted by the fears and dogma that were previously a part of your daily life. Whether or not you consider what you are experiencing as religious trauma, you want to make sure you find a therapist who won't make you feel guilty for leaving your former religion. You've got this nightmare scenario of finally finding a new therapist, only to end up ducking religious vocabulary, feeling judged, or defending yourself.
Are you newly secular? Did you leave a religion or are you in the process of doing so? You've been considering therapy for a long time, but still, you hesitate. It can be challenging to move forward and you sometimes feel haunted by the fears and dogma that were previously a part of your daily life. Whether or not you consider what you are experiencing as religious trauma, you want to make sure you find a therapist who won't make you feel guilty for leaving your former religion. You've got this nightmare scenario of finally finding a new therapist, only to end up ducking religious vocabulary, feeling judged, or defending yourself.
(802) 724-4392 View (802) 724-4392
Photo of Sheryl Coryell, Marriage & Family Therapist in Middlebury, VT
Sheryl Coryell
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Middlebury, VT 05753
Safe, compassionate, non-judgmental and caring therapeutic interaction to improve relationships, work through grief/loss, overcome anxiety & depression, build self-esteem and strengthen boundaries. Specialty in helping people be more and express more of their real authentic self and live in an empowered way. Career/work coach. EMDR for trauma and emotional/mental conflict resolution. I listen deeply, with you, to what wants to be heard - understood more clearly. Which direction to take? What are the important choices to make? We may have to clear a new path or together just trim a few branches in the way.
Safe, compassionate, non-judgmental and caring therapeutic interaction to improve relationships, work through grief/loss, overcome anxiety & depression, build self-esteem and strengthen boundaries. Specialty in helping people be more and express more of their real authentic self and live in an empowered way. Career/work coach. EMDR for trauma and emotional/mental conflict resolution. I listen deeply, with you, to what wants to be heard - understood more clearly. Which direction to take? What are the important choices to make? We may have to clear a new path or together just trim a few branches in the way.
(510) 694-1558 View (510) 694-1558
Photo of Morella Devost, Licensed Clinical Mental Health Counselor in Middlebury, VT
Morella Devost
Licensed Clinical Mental Health Counselor, EdM, MA, LCMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Middlebury, VT 05753  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Hi there! It is my personal belief that we are all meant to thrive physically, mentally, and emotionally (that includes you). But we've all found ourselves at one point or another, feeling like life isn't exactly peachy... and trying to sort life out can feel really daunting. That's where I can help. My particular specialties are working with folks who have experienced childhood trauma and/or sexual trauma, people dealing with anxiety, or challenges in their interpersonal relationships.
Hi there! It is my personal belief that we are all meant to thrive physically, mentally, and emotionally (that includes you). But we've all found ourselves at one point or another, feeling like life isn't exactly peachy... and trying to sort life out can feel really daunting. That's where I can help. My particular specialties are working with folks who have experienced childhood trauma and/or sexual trauma, people dealing with anxiety, or challenges in their interpersonal relationships.
(802) 210-1732 View (802) 210-1732

Online Therapists

Photo of Aaron Wells, Registered Psychotherapist in Middlebury, VT
Aaron Wells
Registered Psychotherapist, MFA, MA
Verified Verified
South Burlington, VT 05403
I use Cognitive Behavioral (CBT), Energy, and Humanistic Psychology in my work with clients.
We could all benefit from support at times. Someone who is willing to listen. Someone to provide an outside perspective. We can work together to help you stay connected to your positive parenting skills, your need to find calm or perhaps work through a past trauma. You may be at the beginning of a journey, in the middle or further along. Wherever you are, connect with someone who provides encouragement and perspective. Children and families are welcome! We live in an ever changing world. Let's do something to help strengthen our foundation...for life!
I use Cognitive Behavioral (CBT), Energy, and Humanistic Psychology in my work with clients.
We could all benefit from support at times. Someone who is willing to listen. Someone to provide an outside perspective. We can work together to help you stay connected to your positive parenting skills, your need to find calm or perhaps work through a past trauma. You may be at the beginning of a journey, in the middle or further along. Wherever you are, connect with someone who provides encouragement and perspective. Children and families are welcome! We live in an ever changing world. Let's do something to help strengthen our foundation...for life!
(802) 636-9138 View (802) 636-9138
Photo of Cesar Seveso, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Middlebury, VT
Cesar Seveso
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MA, PhD, LCSW
Verified Verified
Burlington, VT 05408  (Online Only)
My work is informed by the following approaches: attachment theory, psychodynamic and supportive psychotherapy, and cognitive behavioral therapy.
I believe that the quality of our mind shapes the quality of our life. You can regain the freedom to choose how you feel and respond to challenges and difficulties while nurturing richer and happier relationships. My experience and training revolve around four major areas: anxiety, depression, trauma, and cancer. I know how to address your psychological distress with empathy and support, harnessing your strengths to master new coping skills. I view therapy as a collaborative effort and continually seek out feedback as to how treatment is progressing.
My work is informed by the following approaches: attachment theory, psychodynamic and supportive psychotherapy, and cognitive behavioral therapy.
I believe that the quality of our mind shapes the quality of our life. You can regain the freedom to choose how you feel and respond to challenges and difficulties while nurturing richer and happier relationships. My experience and training revolve around four major areas: anxiety, depression, trauma, and cancer. I know how to address your psychological distress with empathy and support, harnessing your strengths to master new coping skills. I view therapy as a collaborative effort and continually seek out feedback as to how treatment is progressing.
(281) 940-3601 View (281) 940-3601
Photo of Annie Rosenthal, Registered Psychotherapist in Middlebury, VT
Annie Rosenthal
Registered Psychotherapist, MA in, Psych, MEd
Verified Verified
Burlington, VT 05401  (Online Only)
What sets my practice apart is a holistic approach that integrates EMDR therapy with complementary modalities, such as mindfulness techniques and cognitive-behavioral strategies, to provide comprehensive support for mental health and personal growth.
Clients seeking relief from trauma, anxiety, and other psychological challenges find solace in my expertise and style. Utilizing the power of EMDR bilateral stimulation and guided processing, I guide clients through their traumatic memories with care and sensitivity, facilitating a journey towards resolution and resilience. My extensive experience in working with diverse populations, including those historically underserved by traditional therapeutic approaches, ensures a safe and inclusive environment for healing. I prioritize cultural sensitivity and empathy, recognizing the importance of addressing the unique experiences and
What sets my practice apart is a holistic approach that integrates EMDR therapy with complementary modalities, such as mindfulness techniques and cognitive-behavioral strategies, to provide comprehensive support for mental health and personal growth.
Clients seeking relief from trauma, anxiety, and other psychological challenges find solace in my expertise and style. Utilizing the power of EMDR bilateral stimulation and guided processing, I guide clients through their traumatic memories with care and sensitivity, facilitating a journey towards resolution and resilience. My extensive experience in working with diverse populations, including those historically underserved by traditional therapeutic approaches, ensures a safe and inclusive environment for healing. I prioritize cultural sensitivity and empathy, recognizing the importance of addressing the unique experiences and
(617) 202-3834 View (617) 202-3834
Photo of Alicia Perez, Counselor in Middlebury, VT
Alicia Perez
Counselor, LMHC, CEDS
Verified Verified
Burlington, VT 05401  (Online Only)
I utilize an integrated approach to therapy that is built around individual needs and am trained in a variety of treatment modalities including; Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT), Cognitive Processing Therapy (CPT), and Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR).
I strive to create a collaborative, nonjudgmental, and honest space where we can explore your needs and goals in therapy. I am passionate about therapy and believe it to be a powerful mechanism for self exploration, growth and healing. I have worked with a wide variety of people and have received specialized training and extensive experience in the treatment of Eating Disorders and Trauma/PTSD.
I utilize an integrated approach to therapy that is built around individual needs and am trained in a variety of treatment modalities including; Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT), Cognitive Processing Therapy (CPT), and Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR).
I strive to create a collaborative, nonjudgmental, and honest space where we can explore your needs and goals in therapy. I am passionate about therapy and believe it to be a powerful mechanism for self exploration, growth and healing. I have worked with a wide variety of people and have received specialized training and extensive experience in the treatment of Eating Disorders and Trauma/PTSD.
(646) 982-1214 View (646) 982-1214
Photo of Jennifer D Sandoval, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Middlebury, VT
Jennifer D Sandoval
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Winooski, VT 05404  (Online Only)
CBT (Cognitive Behavioral Therapy) is another tool we can use as we navigate behavioral patterns.
I want to get to know you and your story. You are the expert in your life and in our sessions I hope to help you find the clarity to work through everything that you are experiencing. I employ a person-centered approach and will meet you wherever you are, holding space for you and your process. Exploring compassionately and curiously, we can come to know and value your vulnerabilities while also building upon your strengths, helping you make the most out of this experience and build a life of joy and meaning.
CBT (Cognitive Behavioral Therapy) is another tool we can use as we navigate behavioral patterns.
I want to get to know you and your story. You are the expert in your life and in our sessions I hope to help you find the clarity to work through everything that you are experiencing. I employ a person-centered approach and will meet you wherever you are, holding space for you and your process. Exploring compassionately and curiously, we can come to know and value your vulnerabilities while also building upon your strengths, helping you make the most out of this experience and build a life of joy and meaning.
(802) 441-6026 View (802) 441-6026
Photo of Angelique T Schultz, Drug & Alcohol Counselor in Middlebury, VT
Angelique T Schultz
Drug & Alcohol Counselor, MS, MA, LADC, LCMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Saint Albans, VT 05478  (Online Only)
Telehealth only! I am a Licensed Clinical Mental Health Counselor and Licensed Alcohol and Drug Counselor. I excel working with clients who desire evidence-based treatments such as DBT and CBT. It is my belief that clients know themselves best and should be in the driver's seat at all times.
Telehealth only! I am a Licensed Clinical Mental Health Counselor and Licensed Alcohol and Drug Counselor. I excel working with clients who desire evidence-based treatments such as DBT and CBT. It is my belief that clients know themselves best and should be in the driver's seat at all times.
(802) 778-9394 View (802) 778-9394
Photo of Haica Rosenfeld, Psychologist in Middlebury, VT
Haica Rosenfeld
Psychologist, PsyD, CEDS-C
Verified Verified
8 Endorsed
Burlington, VT 05401  (Online Only)
I am a Licensed Clinical Psychologist in FL, VT & can work with people in 37 other states (please ask) as a Certified Eating Disorders Specialist & Approved Consultant by the International Association of Eating Disorders Professionals. I specialize in treating Eating Disorders, Disordered Eating, Body Image Healing & have worked with clients at all stages of recovery. I have a passion & calling for helping those who struggle with their relationship with food & body, chronic dieting or restricting, binge eating & offer psychotherapy that incorporates Mindfulness, Self-Compassion, Health at Every Size & Intuitive Eating principles.
I am a Licensed Clinical Psychologist in FL, VT & can work with people in 37 other states (please ask) as a Certified Eating Disorders Specialist & Approved Consultant by the International Association of Eating Disorders Professionals. I specialize in treating Eating Disorders, Disordered Eating, Body Image Healing & have worked with clients at all stages of recovery. I have a passion & calling for helping those who struggle with their relationship with food & body, chronic dieting or restricting, binge eating & offer psychotherapy that incorporates Mindfulness, Self-Compassion, Health at Every Size & Intuitive Eating principles.
(305) 501-4076 View (305) 501-4076
Photo of Ambar Ortiz, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Middlebury, VT
Ambar Ortiz
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Winooski, VT 05404
If you have made it this far, I commend you for your courage. Seeking support is a huge step! The longer I’ve lived, the more I’ve understood that life brings both joy and pain, success and failure, beginnings and endings, and this duality can often bring dissonance within us, as we work to make meaning of it all. Healing and wellness are deeply personal to everyone’s journey, and I aim to honor your diverse life experiences through this work. On this journey, we’ll create an environment where you can be free to explore who you are, your needs, your values, and the priorities for your life in a safe space.
If you have made it this far, I commend you for your courage. Seeking support is a huge step! The longer I’ve lived, the more I’ve understood that life brings both joy and pain, success and failure, beginnings and endings, and this duality can often bring dissonance within us, as we work to make meaning of it all. Healing and wellness are deeply personal to everyone’s journey, and I aim to honor your diverse life experiences through this work. On this journey, we’ll create an environment where you can be free to explore who you are, your needs, your values, and the priorities for your life in a safe space.
(718) 957-1949 View (718) 957-1949
Photo of Dr. Richelle Dadian, Psychologist in Middlebury, VT
Dr. Richelle Dadian
Psychologist, PsyD, LP, CST
Verified Verified
Charlotte, VT 05445  (Online Only)
​​You've been experiencing sexual issues recently or maybe even for some time. You may be experiencing erectile difficulties or pain during sex. You’ve tried everything you’ve found on the internet but still, it's not working how you want. It's frustrating, isolating, infuriating, and confusing. It may even be difficult to remember a time when things didn’t feel this way. But now, you’re ready for some relief. You’re ready to break the pattern and have your body and brain on the same page. You're ready for a more fulfilled sex life. And most of all, you’re ready to feel more connected in your sexuality!
​​You've been experiencing sexual issues recently or maybe even for some time. You may be experiencing erectile difficulties or pain during sex. You’ve tried everything you’ve found on the internet but still, it's not working how you want. It's frustrating, isolating, infuriating, and confusing. It may even be difficult to remember a time when things didn’t feel this way. But now, you’re ready for some relief. You’re ready to break the pattern and have your body and brain on the same page. You're ready for a more fulfilled sex life. And most of all, you’re ready to feel more connected in your sexuality!
(305) 363-7677 View (305) 363-7677
Photo of Sam Morrigan, Registered Psychotherapist in Middlebury, VT
Sam Morrigan
Registered Psychotherapist, MS
Verified Verified
Barre, VT 05641
I believe everyone deserves a judgement-free space to discover and explore all they are. I provide an eclectic client-centered approach to therapy that is deeply rooted in feministic theory and strengths-based approaches. I help (re)build self-worth, empower, and guide you to your true self. I encourage looking at life from various perspectives in order to fully understand how you can grow and become who you desire to be. I have experience navigating relationships and the unique issues within the gaming, pop culture, and geek/nerd communities. I use essential oil blends, if this is an issue, let me know PRIOR to scheduling.
I believe everyone deserves a judgement-free space to discover and explore all they are. I provide an eclectic client-centered approach to therapy that is deeply rooted in feministic theory and strengths-based approaches. I help (re)build self-worth, empower, and guide you to your true self. I encourage looking at life from various perspectives in order to fully understand how you can grow and become who you desire to be. I have experience navigating relationships and the unique issues within the gaming, pop culture, and geek/nerd communities. I use essential oil blends, if this is an issue, let me know PRIOR to scheduling.
(802) 526-6910 View (802) 526-6910
Photo of Monica Bolio, Counselor in Middlebury, VT
Monica Bolio
Counselor, MA, LCMHC
Verified Verified
Bennington, VT 05201  (Online Only)
One of life’s greatest challenges can be beginning the healing journey. Whether you're feeling stuck, depressed, uncertain, anxious, unfulfilled, lost, or broken, I am here to support you. Bringing awareness and/or identifying the root causes of behaviors and emotional experiences can be both challenging and rewarding. My hope for you is that we can work together to identify and progress toward goals to alleviate your suffering and increase your ability to cope, make healthy decisions, and regain direction within your journey.
One of life’s greatest challenges can be beginning the healing journey. Whether you're feeling stuck, depressed, uncertain, anxious, unfulfilled, lost, or broken, I am here to support you. Bringing awareness and/or identifying the root causes of behaviors and emotional experiences can be both challenging and rewarding. My hope for you is that we can work together to identify and progress toward goals to alleviate your suffering and increase your ability to cope, make healthy decisions, and regain direction within your journey.
(802) 500-7788 View (802) 500-7788
Photo of Stacey Lambert, Psychologist in Middlebury, VT
Stacey Lambert
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Waterbury Center, VT 05677  (Online Only)
At some point in our lives, most of us can use an experienced, confidential, objective, and non-judgemental professional to help support us through a challenging time.
At some point in our lives, most of us can use an experienced, confidential, objective, and non-judgemental professional to help support us through a challenging time.
(617) 752-8458 View (617) 752-8458
Photo of Fay A Klein, Counselor in Middlebury, VT
Fay A Klein
Counselor, MS, LMHC, LCMHC
Verified Verified
Saint Albans, VT 05478  (Online Only)
Welcome! It is always the most difficult of steps to reach out for help. I am glad to be a part of your journey for understanding, acceptance and change. Many times we approach therapy from an overwhelm place. Unsure of why or how to get to contentment and connection. We may find ourselves repeating painful patterns that do not bring us fulfillment. Sometimes, major life transitions can leave us feeling unsupported and lost. Working as a team, important changes in your life can be realized. When we are connected with our true voices, our lives can be transformed.
Welcome! It is always the most difficult of steps to reach out for help. I am glad to be a part of your journey for understanding, acceptance and change. Many times we approach therapy from an overwhelm place. Unsure of why or how to get to contentment and connection. We may find ourselves repeating painful patterns that do not bring us fulfillment. Sometimes, major life transitions can leave us feeling unsupported and lost. Working as a team, important changes in your life can be realized. When we are connected with our true voices, our lives can be transformed.
(781) 390-4352 View (781) 390-4352
Photo of Cynthia Abry, Counselor in Middlebury, VT
Cynthia Abry
Counselor, LCMHC, CCATP, NCC, NCCMHC
Verified Verified
Bradford, VT 05033  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
My specialty is working with adolescents and adults to improve communication and facilitate healing from trauma and/or issues that are impacting life in a negative way. I have extensive experience working to address the effects of sexual and physical abuse history, PTSD, OCD, as well as anxiety and depression. I am passionate about working with women who are dealing with transitions, marital, relationship and other challenges. I focus on building a trusting relationship, identifying solutions and strengths in order to facilitate transformation. I am trained in IFS, EMDR, and Play Therapy, among other approaches.
My specialty is working with adolescents and adults to improve communication and facilitate healing from trauma and/or issues that are impacting life in a negative way. I have extensive experience working to address the effects of sexual and physical abuse history, PTSD, OCD, as well as anxiety and depression. I am passionate about working with women who are dealing with transitions, marital, relationship and other challenges. I focus on building a trusting relationship, identifying solutions and strengths in order to facilitate transformation. I am trained in IFS, EMDR, and Play Therapy, among other approaches.
(802) 529-4054 View (802) 529-4054
Photo of Sharon R Massoth, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Middlebury, VT
Sharon R Massoth
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Brattleboro, VT 05301
Waitlist for new clients
I love to support people who see themselves as a spiritual being having a human experience. Any settling for less in your life is just a mirror for issues of self-worth. I will assist you in releasing any past trauma which often results in negative beliefs. I use trauma release techniques such as EMDR and EFT. I believe that everyone comes gifted with their own intuitive pathways. I will reinforce your understanding of your own inner truth. You are meant to enjoy the journey of life! I will help you to find greater happiness by having a discipline of positive believing, centering mindfulness practices and action goals.
I love to support people who see themselves as a spiritual being having a human experience. Any settling for less in your life is just a mirror for issues of self-worth. I will assist you in releasing any past trauma which often results in negative beliefs. I use trauma release techniques such as EMDR and EFT. I believe that everyone comes gifted with their own intuitive pathways. I will reinforce your understanding of your own inner truth. You are meant to enjoy the journey of life! I will help you to find greater happiness by having a discipline of positive believing, centering mindfulness practices and action goals.
(860) 516-5199 View (860) 516-5199
Photo of Bardwell Behavioral, Licensed Professional Counselor in Middlebury, VT
Bardwell Behavioral
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, LMHC, LCMHC, TPMC, CEDS-S
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Burlington, VT 05401  (Online Only)
Understanding we are all in different "stages of change", we utilize an eclectic approach to guide you through your own process at your own pace. It is absolutely an honor and our passion to treat those who struggle with mental health issues such as Eating Disorders, Substance Use, trauma, depression, anxiety, family conflict, relationship issues and associated disorders. We employ an individualized approach to therapy in order to empower people to change their lives. In the wise words of Maya Angelou, "My mission in life is not merely to survive, but to thrive; and to do so with some passion, some compassion, humor, and style."
Understanding we are all in different "stages of change", we utilize an eclectic approach to guide you through your own process at your own pace. It is absolutely an honor and our passion to treat those who struggle with mental health issues such as Eating Disorders, Substance Use, trauma, depression, anxiety, family conflict, relationship issues and associated disorders. We employ an individualized approach to therapy in order to empower people to change their lives. In the wise words of Maya Angelou, "My mission in life is not merely to survive, but to thrive; and to do so with some passion, some compassion, humor, and style."
(860) 764-3517 View (860) 764-3517
Cognitive Behavioral (CBT) Therapists

How does cognitive behavioral therapy work?

Cognitive behavioral therapy works by exploring how your thoughts affect your emotions and experiences. CBT helps you identify distortions in your thinking. For example, you may tend to jump to the worst case scenario catastrophizing or think in extremes (all-or-nothing thinking). A therapist can teach you how to push back against those thoughts to ultimately change your feelings and behavior for the better. They can also provide coping skills to better deal with stressors and challenges.

When do I know to seek treatment with cognitive behavioral therapy?

It’s reasonable to consider cognitive behavioral therapy if you struggle to manage difficult emotions or behaviors to such an extent that you are not getting the most out of life on a day-to-day basis. If you want a shorter term, concrete, skills-based approach, CBT is a great option. (By contrast, other types of therapy may devote more time to exploring your past and its effects.) The decision to seek CBT also depends on the condition you’re treating; CBT is an effective treatment for anxiety, depression, trauma, and many other disorders.

How can I find a cognitive behavioral therapist for someone else?

To find a cognitive behavioral therapist for someone else, you may want to begin by discussing the person’s problem, researching cognitive behavioral therapy, and assessing whether the approach is the right fit. You could then reach out to a few cognitive behavioral therapists in this directory, explain the scenario, have a consultation with those available, and determine who could be a good match.

Why is CBT such a popular form of therapy?

CBT has become a popular form of therapy because it is effective and accessible. Robust research has demonstrated that CBT is an effective treatment for many mental health conditions. And CBT can be learned in relatively few sessions, which means that many people can engage in the process, afford it, and see results quickly. It involves learning concrete skills such as disputing unhelpful thoughts; these skills can also be taught and spread widely.