Photo of Deirdre Hally Shaffer, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Doylestown, PA
Deirdre Hally Shaffer
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Doylestown, PA 18901
My practice focuses on the reduction of depression, anxiety, work related stress; relationship enhancement; healing through grief and loss; living with chronic illness; and Twelve Step Recovery from alcohol/drug abuse.
For over 35 years, I have worked collaboratively with individuals and couples who are navigating life transitions and challenges in search of reduced stress, healing, and growth. Through the use of empowering, supportive, solutions-focused strategies, I specialize in personal and relationship improvement with an objective of finding resiliency, joy, and meaning in life as well as creating loving, supportive relationships. Navigating the difficult waters of divorce and supervising other therapists are areas of specialty, in addition to couples counseling, parenting coaching, and conflict management in interpersonal relationships.
My practice focuses on the reduction of depression, anxiety, work related stress; relationship enhancement; healing through grief and loss; living with chronic illness; and Twelve Step Recovery from alcohol/drug abuse.
For over 35 years, I have worked collaboratively with individuals and couples who are navigating life transitions and challenges in search of reduced stress, healing, and growth. Through the use of empowering, supportive, solutions-focused strategies, I specialize in personal and relationship improvement with an objective of finding resiliency, joy, and meaning in life as well as creating loving, supportive relationships. Navigating the difficult waters of divorce and supervising other therapists are areas of specialty, in addition to couples counseling, parenting coaching, and conflict management in interpersonal relationships.
(215) 348-9250 View (215) 348-9250
Photo of Johanna Kane & Rowan Therapy Practice LLC, Licensed Professional Counselor in Doylestown, PA
Johanna Kane & Rowan Therapy Practice LLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, ATR-BC, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
Doylestown, PA 18902  (Online Only)
As well as, anxiety, loss & grief, life transitions and chronic illness.
I feel honored to have been part of my patients' mental health journeys for the past 22 years. It takes an enormous amount of courage to ask for help and to then be vuInerable in therapy. I strive to create a safe comfortable space, yes even using virtual means, to support my patients to work through struggles, complex emotions and anguish. I exhibit a compassionate and non-judgemental mode of relating inconjuntion with an empathic, change-oriented philosophy. I offer art psychotherapy as well as verbal-talk therapy. My therapeutic interventions tend to oscillate between the two modalities based on what each patient needs.
As well as, anxiety, loss & grief, life transitions and chronic illness.
I feel honored to have been part of my patients' mental health journeys for the past 22 years. It takes an enormous amount of courage to ask for help and to then be vuInerable in therapy. I strive to create a safe comfortable space, yes even using virtual means, to support my patients to work through struggles, complex emotions and anguish. I exhibit a compassionate and non-judgemental mode of relating inconjuntion with an empathic, change-oriented philosophy. I offer art psychotherapy as well as verbal-talk therapy. My therapeutic interventions tend to oscillate between the two modalities based on what each patient needs.
(267) 517-8629 View (267) 517-8629
Photo of Dr. Alishia Kalos, Psychologist in Doylestown, PA
Dr. Alishia Kalos
Psychologist, PsyD, CST
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Doylestown, PA 18901  (Online Only)
I am a doctoral licensed psychologist and certified sex therapist with specialized experience in addressing sexual and relational concerns such as intimacy, communication, desire, arousal, pain, kink, atypical sexual interests, and sexual behavior challenges as well as postpartum stress, cancer, major health-related changes, or chronic illness.
Therapy is an invaluable opportunity for individuals and couples to learn about themselves and the relationships that they want to cultivate. Whether you are thinking about working through a particular issue, hoping to gain clarity and focus in future decisions, or considering a short-term "check-up", I will work with you in a safe, non-judgmental space that cultivates compassion, healing, and growth. I believe in the power of building on each person/couple's strengths and discovering, through a collaborative approach, new ways to adapt and grow.
I am a doctoral licensed psychologist and certified sex therapist with specialized experience in addressing sexual and relational concerns such as intimacy, communication, desire, arousal, pain, kink, atypical sexual interests, and sexual behavior challenges as well as postpartum stress, cancer, major health-related changes, or chronic illness.
Therapy is an invaluable opportunity for individuals and couples to learn about themselves and the relationships that they want to cultivate. Whether you are thinking about working through a particular issue, hoping to gain clarity and focus in future decisions, or considering a short-term "check-up", I will work with you in a safe, non-judgmental space that cultivates compassion, healing, and growth. I believe in the power of building on each person/couple's strengths and discovering, through a collaborative approach, new ways to adapt and grow.
(267) 399-4002 View (267) 399-4002
Photo of Susan R. Hansen LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Doylestown, PA
Susan R. Hansen LCSW
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, BCD, TEAM L3
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Doylestown, PA 18902
Susan has worked successfully with individuals diagnosed with mild to severe depression and anxiety problems, newly married and older couples experiencing infidelity, and chronic illness/disappointments.
Have you ever wondered; "Are the problems in my life because of the people around me, or is there something wrong with me?" Susan uses "TEAM Cognitive Behavioral Therapy" which is sweeping the world! TEAM does not focus on pathology, it's effort is to teach Mental Health, and how to stabilize your mood to produce confidence and joy! I ask my client's to practice new ways of thinking every week to keep therapeutic momentum and energy high. My current training with the FeelingGoodInstitute.com "TEAM Cognitive Behavioral Therapy" has energized my work and led to faster results and higher levels of client satisfaction.
Susan has worked successfully with individuals diagnosed with mild to severe depression and anxiety problems, newly married and older couples experiencing infidelity, and chronic illness/disappointments.
Have you ever wondered; "Are the problems in my life because of the people around me, or is there something wrong with me?" Susan uses "TEAM Cognitive Behavioral Therapy" which is sweeping the world! TEAM does not focus on pathology, it's effort is to teach Mental Health, and how to stabilize your mood to produce confidence and joy! I ask my client's to practice new ways of thinking every week to keep therapeutic momentum and energy high. My current training with the FeelingGoodInstitute.com "TEAM Cognitive Behavioral Therapy" has energized my work and led to faster results and higher levels of client satisfaction.
(215) 995-0026 View (215) 995-0026
Photo of Elizabeth Higginbotham, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Doylestown, PA
Elizabeth Higginbotham
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSW
Verified Verified
Doylestown, PA 18901
I believe that every individual has the power within themselves to achieve any treatment goal they come to Harmony Bay to work towards. My ideal client would be willing to put in the hard work needed to heal, who is willing to learn how to see the power and strength within themselves, and who believes that change is possible. If you are here at Harmony Bay seeking support from our services, you are already there!
I believe that every individual has the power within themselves to achieve any treatment goal they come to Harmony Bay to work towards. My ideal client would be willing to put in the hard work needed to heal, who is willing to learn how to see the power and strength within themselves, and who believes that change is possible. If you are here at Harmony Bay seeking support from our services, you are already there!
(267) 578-2770 View (267) 578-2770
Photo of Christine J. Markow, Pre-Licensed Professional in Doylestown, PA
Christine J. Markow
Pre-Licensed Professional, MS, PhD, CBTcert, Covid19
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Doylestown, PA 18902
With 23 years of clinical experience in pediatric and adult clinical medical psychology, I value addressing psychological wellness through a comprehensive systems approach. My therapeutic training is based in cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT).I believe each client plays an active role in their customized treatment to address their concerns, expand insight and achieve desired goals. I have specialized training in anxiety and depressive disorders, cyber bullying, chronic pain, stress, eating disorders, transitions associated with divorce, GI disorders & behavioral modification. For more information go to www.drchristinemarkow.com
With 23 years of clinical experience in pediatric and adult clinical medical psychology, I value addressing psychological wellness through a comprehensive systems approach. My therapeutic training is based in cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT).I believe each client plays an active role in their customized treatment to address their concerns, expand insight and achieve desired goals. I have specialized training in anxiety and depressive disorders, cyber bullying, chronic pain, stress, eating disorders, transitions associated with divorce, GI disorders & behavioral modification. For more information go to www.drchristinemarkow.com
(215) 867-8928 View (215) 867-8928
Photo of Christine Knochenhauer, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Doylestown, PA
Christine Knochenhauer
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Doylestown, PA 18901
Counseling can help you towards living your best life possible and becoming the healthiest version of yourself. People who seek my services include adult, couples, and teens who are struggling with anxiety, depression, grief, life transitions, and relationship issues. Having been in private practice for almost 20 years I have helped people with a broad range of issues. I continue to be amazed and inspired by the human spirit, and our ability to improve our lives with help, support and guidance.
Counseling can help you towards living your best life possible and becoming the healthiest version of yourself. People who seek my services include adult, couples, and teens who are struggling with anxiety, depression, grief, life transitions, and relationship issues. Having been in private practice for almost 20 years I have helped people with a broad range of issues. I continue to be amazed and inspired by the human spirit, and our ability to improve our lives with help, support and guidance.
(267) 810-0026 View (267) 810-0026
Photo of Eric Weinstein, Psychologist in Doylestown, PA
Eric Weinstein
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Doylestown, PA 18901  (Online Only)
Many people who seek mental health services struggle to find a clinician who is both personable and effective. The most important factor in therapeutic success is the therapeutic relationship. I am not the right fit for everyone, but finding the right professional is key. My work includes working with difficult to treat individuals as well as those who have experienced previous treatment failures. I am also a forensic psychologist and conduct evaluations of individuals involved with the legal system and often provide expert testimony. If you think I might be able to help you achieve your therapeutic goals, please contact me.
Many people who seek mental health services struggle to find a clinician who is both personable and effective. The most important factor in therapeutic success is the therapeutic relationship. I am not the right fit for everyone, but finding the right professional is key. My work includes working with difficult to treat individuals as well as those who have experienced previous treatment failures. I am also a forensic psychologist and conduct evaluations of individuals involved with the legal system and often provide expert testimony. If you think I might be able to help you achieve your therapeutic goals, please contact me.
(267) 310-2109 View (267) 310-2109
Photo of Kristen F Dudley, Psychologist in Doylestown, PA
Kristen F Dudley
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Doylestown, PA 18902
We are currently living in very uncertain times. Within this uncertainty, it is important to find a relationship that will help you sustain important relationships. Part of what makes our relationship work, beyond my clinical skills, is when my clients feel heard and understood. My clients often present with a variety of issues including relationship issues, anger, depression, anxiety, and/or problems with unhealthy substance use/abuse. When we focus on increasing function my clients find their lives to be more workable and enjoyable.
We are currently living in very uncertain times. Within this uncertainty, it is important to find a relationship that will help you sustain important relationships. Part of what makes our relationship work, beyond my clinical skills, is when my clients feel heard and understood. My clients often present with a variety of issues including relationship issues, anger, depression, anxiety, and/or problems with unhealthy substance use/abuse. When we focus on increasing function my clients find their lives to be more workable and enjoyable.
(215) 883-8826 View (215) 883-8826
Photo of Christopher J. Pittelli, Licensed Professional Counselor in Doylestown, PA
Christopher J. Pittelli
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Doylestown, PA 18902
Deciding to call a therapist and reach out for support with life's challenges requires courage and a leap of faith in your self. Your desire to end your suffering is where this healing journey begins. Your call or email is the first step. If you are reading this, the time is now. I understand the human condition, the trepidation about going to therapy and the place you are in life right now. I am here for you. Know that aside from decades of professional training as a therapist, I have also been a client for my own personal growth and healing.
Deciding to call a therapist and reach out for support with life's challenges requires courage and a leap of faith in your self. Your desire to end your suffering is where this healing journey begins. Your call or email is the first step. If you are reading this, the time is now. I understand the human condition, the trepidation about going to therapy and the place you are in life right now. I am here for you. Know that aside from decades of professional training as a therapist, I have also been a client for my own personal growth and healing.
(267) 282-6084 View (267) 282-6084
Photo of Amy C O'Neill, Licensed Professional Counselor in Doylestown, PA
Amy C O'Neill
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Doylestown, PA 18901
It is a privilege to witness personal growth and be present with a person as they evolve. Providing a safe, confidential, collaborative, and supportive atmosphere, to work through identified problem areas is crucial to success. Managing negative patterns of thinking and behaving allows one to flourish on an interpersonal level, emotionally, and in the context of all relationships. I have extensive knowledge and experience working with anxiety, depression, addictions, relationship struggles, trauma, and many other issues.
It is a privilege to witness personal growth and be present with a person as they evolve. Providing a safe, confidential, collaborative, and supportive atmosphere, to work through identified problem areas is crucial to success. Managing negative patterns of thinking and behaving allows one to flourish on an interpersonal level, emotionally, and in the context of all relationships. I have extensive knowledge and experience working with anxiety, depression, addictions, relationship struggles, trauma, and many other issues.
(215) 874-6368 View (215) 874-6368
Photo of Bucks Support Services - Buckingham, Licensed Professional Counselor in Doylestown, PA
Bucks Support Services - Buckingham
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, CEDS, CAADC
Verified Verified
Doylestown, PA 18902
Bucks Support Services, located in Newtown and Buckingham, PA, is comprised of three speciality branches; Bucks Eating Support Collaborative, Bucks LGBTQ Center and Bucks Recovery Center. In addition to those speciality areas, we treat a wide array of psychological concerns, including anxiety, depression, mood disorders, personality disorders, family/support system and relationship issues, adjustment disorders, and disorders of childhood, among others.
Bucks Support Services, located in Newtown and Buckingham, PA, is comprised of three speciality branches; Bucks Eating Support Collaborative, Bucks LGBTQ Center and Bucks Recovery Center. In addition to those speciality areas, we treat a wide array of psychological concerns, including anxiety, depression, mood disorders, personality disorders, family/support system and relationship issues, adjustment disorders, and disorders of childhood, among others.
(267) 389-6135 View (267) 389-6135
Photo of Doylestown Psychological Services, Psychologist in Doylestown, PA
Doylestown Psychological Services
Psychologist
Verified Verified
Doylestown, PA 18902
We are a group of clinicians who work with children, teens, adults, and families. We specialize in working with people who present with a variety of mental health issues including ADHD, anxiety disorders, OCD, depression and bipolar disorders, and autism/Asperger's. Some of our clients are new to therapy; others have seen different therapists before coming to us. Our goal is to be as welcoming as possible while making your experience productive and nurturing. We know that as our clients increase their functioning they feel better. Together we will help you reach your health goal.
We are a group of clinicians who work with children, teens, adults, and families. We specialize in working with people who present with a variety of mental health issues including ADHD, anxiety disorders, OCD, depression and bipolar disorders, and autism/Asperger's. Some of our clients are new to therapy; others have seen different therapists before coming to us. Our goal is to be as welcoming as possible while making your experience productive and nurturing. We know that as our clients increase their functioning they feel better. Together we will help you reach your health goal.
(267) 367-6504 View (267) 367-6504
Photo of Kelly Reed, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Doylestown, PA
Kelly Reed
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CCTP, ALC
Verified Verified
Doylestown, PA 18902
Are you interested in a Holistic and Integrative approach to Psychotherapy and how it can help you heal and grow? Perhaps you are searching for relief from life's stressors or from the overwhelming moods, emotions, and behaviors that result. And perhaps you are seeking healing of mind, body, and spirit, or you feel a deep sense that there is more to life than how you are living and are looking for a new way of thinking and being in the world. Through my unique approach to psychotherapy, I will assist you in finding and actualizing the healing you are searching for.
Are you interested in a Holistic and Integrative approach to Psychotherapy and how it can help you heal and grow? Perhaps you are searching for relief from life's stressors or from the overwhelming moods, emotions, and behaviors that result. And perhaps you are seeking healing of mind, body, and spirit, or you feel a deep sense that there is more to life than how you are living and are looking for a new way of thinking and being in the world. Through my unique approach to psychotherapy, I will assist you in finding and actualizing the healing you are searching for.
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Photo of Amy Shirey, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Doylestown, PA
Amy Shirey
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSW
Verified Verified
Doylestown, PA 18901
I can help you cope with multiple stressors in your life as you manage the symptoms of mood and anxiety disorders. If you are looking for guidance and support, then we would be a great match.
I can help you cope with multiple stressors in your life as you manage the symptoms of mood and anxiety disorders. If you are looking for guidance and support, then we would be a great match.
(215) 583-3130 View (215) 583-3130
Photo of Edie Weinstein, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Doylestown, PA
Edie Weinstein
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Doylestown, PA 18901
I welcome someone who is ready to make life changes and would like assistance to take them from where they are to where they want to be. A willingness to work with a supportive, experienced (since 1979) social worker/therapist who uses dynamic and interactive approaches, knowing that I am the guide, and you are the one who knows yourself best and that healing comes from within. Relationship, self esteem, body image, career goals, family challenge, sexuality, spirituality, illness, loss, addiction, depression or anxiety related issues. I offered my first TEDx talk called Overcoming the Taboo of Touch, about platonic touch by consent.
I welcome someone who is ready to make life changes and would like assistance to take them from where they are to where they want to be. A willingness to work with a supportive, experienced (since 1979) social worker/therapist who uses dynamic and interactive approaches, knowing that I am the guide, and you are the one who knows yourself best and that healing comes from within. Relationship, self esteem, body image, career goals, family challenge, sexuality, spirituality, illness, loss, addiction, depression or anxiety related issues. I offered my first TEDx talk called Overcoming the Taboo of Touch, about platonic touch by consent.
(267) 641-3762 View (267) 641-3762
Photo of Marianne Welch Salkind, Licensed Professional Counselor in Doylestown, PA
Marianne Welch Salkind
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LMT, LPC
Verified Verified
Doylestown, PA 18901
Waitlist for new clients
I am a certified EMDR therapist, specializing in individual counseling, PTSD, dissociative disorder, anxiety, and depression. I use creative counseling techniques integrating Mindfulness, relaxation techniques and Heartmath, to enhance therapeutic outcomes with adults, children, adolescents and teens. I am a trained EMDR therapist for those who have experienced trauma in it's many forms. I also have advanced training in: Stress management, Loss and Grief therapy, Behavioral Modification and Mindfulness therapy. I am a member in good standing with the American Counseling Association and EMDRIA.
I am a certified EMDR therapist, specializing in individual counseling, PTSD, dissociative disorder, anxiety, and depression. I use creative counseling techniques integrating Mindfulness, relaxation techniques and Heartmath, to enhance therapeutic outcomes with adults, children, adolescents and teens. I am a trained EMDR therapist for those who have experienced trauma in it's many forms. I also have advanced training in: Stress management, Loss and Grief therapy, Behavioral Modification and Mindfulness therapy. I am a member in good standing with the American Counseling Association and EMDRIA.
(215) 920-4325 View (215) 920-4325
Photo of Jennifer McCarron LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist in Doylestown, PA
Jennifer McCarron LMFT
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT, LMFT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Doylestown, PA 18901
With such uncertain times, every individual and relationship is struggling with the most basic tasks of day-to-day living. This collective trauma has re-triggered past traumas in addition to increasing anxieties, mood issues, sleep problems, and a strong sense of unease. Individuals, as well as couples, are looking to go from surviving to thriving in this “new normal.” I can help you with this leap towards a more satisfying life. I teach skills and give tools to individuals/ couples, allowing for a greater sense of peace and fulfillment with their lives.
With such uncertain times, every individual and relationship is struggling with the most basic tasks of day-to-day living. This collective trauma has re-triggered past traumas in addition to increasing anxieties, mood issues, sleep problems, and a strong sense of unease. Individuals, as well as couples, are looking to go from surviving to thriving in this “new normal.” I can help you with this leap towards a more satisfying life. I teach skills and give tools to individuals/ couples, allowing for a greater sense of peace and fulfillment with their lives.
(215) 804-9939 View (215) 804-9939
Photo of Kelly N Craney, Licensed Professional Counselor in Doylestown, PA
Kelly N Craney
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, NCC, LPC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Doylestown, PA 18901
The majority of my clients are people who have struggled to find relief from traditional medicine (and traditional approaches to addressing complex ailments/struggles). I am grateful that these individuals find relief here. Many of my patients have been able to resolve complex challenges in just a few months of biweekly sessions. Areas of specialized care & success include, but are not limited to: trauma, chronic pain, nerve damage, complex medical conditions, grief, spiritual development, struggles with weight, stomach/GI issues, insomnia, anxiety, depression, medication intolerance, and some areas of addiction.
The majority of my clients are people who have struggled to find relief from traditional medicine (and traditional approaches to addressing complex ailments/struggles). I am grateful that these individuals find relief here. Many of my patients have been able to resolve complex challenges in just a few months of biweekly sessions. Areas of specialized care & success include, but are not limited to: trauma, chronic pain, nerve damage, complex medical conditions, grief, spiritual development, struggles with weight, stomach/GI issues, insomnia, anxiety, depression, medication intolerance, and some areas of addiction.
(267) 871-9969 View (267) 871-9969
Photo of Katherine Baum, Psychologist in Doylestown, PA
Katherine Baum
Psychologist, PhD, ABPP-CN
Verified Verified
Doylestown, PA 18901
I am a board-certified neuropsychologist with specialized training in understanding how neurological, developmental, and medical conditions affect children, teens', and young adults', and their families. I work with families to understand their concerns and use evidence-based approaches to evaluate the dynamic relationship between the brain, and an individual’s thoughts, behavior, learning, emotions, culture, and environment. Armed with this information, I work with families and others (teachers, doctors) to identify specific next steps. The goal is greater joy, fulfillment, purpose, satisfaction, and connectedness.
I am a board-certified neuropsychologist with specialized training in understanding how neurological, developmental, and medical conditions affect children, teens', and young adults', and their families. I work with families to understand their concerns and use evidence-based approaches to evaluate the dynamic relationship between the brain, and an individual’s thoughts, behavior, learning, emotions, culture, and environment. Armed with this information, I work with families and others (teachers, doctors) to identify specific next steps. The goal is greater joy, fulfillment, purpose, satisfaction, and connectedness.
(215) 631-8207 View (215) 631-8207
Chronic Illness Therapists

How does therapy for chronic illness work?

Many people living with a chronic illness may feel they cannot speak honestly about their experience out of embarrassment or fear of being a burden, or because those close to them do not understand, for example, that they may “look good” even if they do not feel good. Therapy sessions are an opportunity to speak openly with someone who knows their symptoms are not in their head and who can offer practical, proven suggestions for managing feelings of grief, shame, or fatigue, such as techniques to challenge unhelpful thoughts about symptoms and develop new ways to respond to them, such as distraction or calming breathing practices.

Can therapy help with physical symptoms of chronic illness?

Yes, especially if an individual with chronic illness has developed depression. People with depression are less likely to maintain their health treatment regimens or to take positive steps to manage physical symptoms when they arise, thereby potentially complicating their medical prognosis. Treatment of depression, through talk therapy, medication, or both, will often improve one’s physical state as it eases the emotional burden of illness.

What are the most effective treatment options for chronic illness?

No one living with a chronic illness, or their loved ones, should see depression as an unavoidable result of their condition. Instead, they should actively seek treatment. Research shows that people with depression are less likely to devote the required time and effort to maintaining or monitoring their health, and so therapy to limit the risk of depression can be vital for physical health as well. Therapeutic approaches such as cognitive behavioral therapy and mindfulness-based stress reduction have been found to help individuals reduce stress and anxiety.

How long does therapy for chronic illness take?

There is no set timeline for therapy for people living with chronic illnesses, but many will see a therapist for a number of weeks or months, typically spanning at least 12 weekly sessions. Some people feel that they experience progress faster than others but even some who quickly feel improvement may continue with sessions for months or years. Some people may benefit from maintenance therapy if their symptoms change or they experience a decline in physical health. Others find that the skills learned in short-term therapy can be used on an ongoing basis, even after therapy has concluded.