Therapists in Bell, CA

Photo of Wendy Thomas, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Wendy Thomas
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Bell, CA 90201
Hi, my name is Wendy Thomas a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with 7 years experience working in private and public sector including military personal. I specialize in working in the areas of mood disorders, additions, depression, anxiety, relationship communication. My therapeutic approach is holistic employing Evidence Base intervention. Respecting your voice as the poet of your life experiences and the expert in sharing your story. Client centered therapy focuses on individual, family, and couples’ unique needs to build interpersonal strength and process life's lemons into lemonade.
Hi, my name is Wendy Thomas a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with 7 years experience working in private and public sector including military personal. I specialize in working in the areas of mood disorders, additions, depression, anxiety, relationship communication. My therapeutic approach is holistic employing Evidence Base intervention. Respecting your voice as the poet of your life experiences and the expert in sharing your story. Client centered therapy focuses on individual, family, and couples’ unique needs to build interpersonal strength and process life's lemons into lemonade.
(323) 458-5241 View (323) 458-5241
Photo of John Gonzales, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
John Gonzales
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Bell, CA 90201
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LSCW) who is passionate about supporting my clients through challenges and adversity. I believe we can all overcome, grow, and heal to experience joy and well-being in our lives. We will work together to create a treatment plan based on your goals and priorities. Our first session will be always include empathy and support. The therapeutic alliance between clinician and client is extremely important to me. Clients will be commended for taking the courageous step of seeking mental health services that can lead to positive change, joy, and well-being.
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LSCW) who is passionate about supporting my clients through challenges and adversity. I believe we can all overcome, grow, and heal to experience joy and well-being in our lives. We will work together to create a treatment plan based on your goals and priorities. Our first session will be always include empathy and support. The therapeutic alliance between clinician and client is extremely important to me. Clients will be commended for taking the courageous step of seeking mental health services that can lead to positive change, joy, and well-being.
(323) 761-6867 View (323) 761-6867
Photo of Obed Romero, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Obed Romero
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Bell, CA 90201
My name is Obed Romero. I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist (LMFT). In a nutshell, this is how I sum up the work I do: I am very passionate about providing a safe, empathic, and validating space for clients to explore their inner worlds while also teaching therapeutic skills to help manage a variety of difficulties! I am specialized in and have years of experience of working with adults diagnosed with anxiety disorders, depressive disorders, and anger-related disorders. I have also received training in couples therapy as well!
My name is Obed Romero. I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist (LMFT). In a nutshell, this is how I sum up the work I do: I am very passionate about providing a safe, empathic, and validating space for clients to explore their inner worlds while also teaching therapeutic skills to help manage a variety of difficulties! I am specialized in and have years of experience of working with adults diagnosed with anxiety disorders, depressive disorders, and anger-related disorders. I have also received training in couples therapy as well!
(323) 645-1672 View (323) 645-1672
Photo of Victoria Catlin-Walton, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Victoria Catlin-Walton
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Bell, CA 90201
My name is Victoria Catlin-Walton, and I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist practicing in Santa Clarita, California working with people statewide via telehealth. I work with individuals from young adults to seasoned professionals and I specialize in anxiety, stress, life transitions, and relationship matters using Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Person-Centered Therapy to help people experience something that feels better.
My name is Victoria Catlin-Walton, and I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist practicing in Santa Clarita, California working with people statewide via telehealth. I work with individuals from young adults to seasoned professionals and I specialize in anxiety, stress, life transitions, and relationship matters using Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Person-Centered Therapy to help people experience something that feels better.
(323) 985-3185 View (323) 985-3185
Photo of Grabrielle Bramasco, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Grabrielle Bramasco
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Bell, CA 90201
Hi, my name is Gabrielle Bramasco and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker. I focus on individuals grappling with anxiety, depression, and addiction, while also possessing experience in addressing various mental health disorders, including but not limited to Bipolar disorder, PTSD, and personality disorders. I typically work with clients aged 18 and older, providing support for a range of conditions such as anxiety, depression, and addiction. I am comfortable addressing various mental health challenges, including mood disorders, trauma-related conditions, and personality disorders.
Hi, my name is Gabrielle Bramasco and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker. I focus on individuals grappling with anxiety, depression, and addiction, while also possessing experience in addressing various mental health disorders, including but not limited to Bipolar disorder, PTSD, and personality disorders. I typically work with clients aged 18 and older, providing support for a range of conditions such as anxiety, depression, and addiction. I am comfortable addressing various mental health challenges, including mood disorders, trauma-related conditions, and personality disorders.
(323) 973-1872 View (323) 973-1872
Photo of Selam Gebrekristos, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Selam Gebrekristos
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Bell, CA 90201
Welcome! As a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist holding a master's degree in Marriage and Family Therapy, I bring over 15 years of extensive experience in the field. I firmly believe in the significance of having a compassionate listener who embraces individuals just as they are, free from any form of judgment. In my practice, I offer clients a nurturing and accepting space where they can comfortably delve into the challenges that hinder them from achieving their desired lives.
Welcome! As a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist holding a master's degree in Marriage and Family Therapy, I bring over 15 years of extensive experience in the field. I firmly believe in the significance of having a compassionate listener who embraces individuals just as they are, free from any form of judgment. In my practice, I offer clients a nurturing and accepting space where they can comfortably delve into the challenges that hinder them from achieving their desired lives.
(323) 615-2369 View (323) 615-2369
Photo of Jennifer Bishop, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Jennifer Bishop
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Bell, CA 90201
I am passionate about helping individuals live to their utmost potential. With an open-hearted, non-judgmental, and empathetic approach, I strive to create a safe space for exploration and growth. Drawing on a wealth of experience, I approach therapy with a holistic perspective, recognizing that each person's journey is unique. My goal is to help clients navigate challenges, develop self-awareness, and cultivate meaningful connections. Through collaborative and evidence-based, client-centered techniques, I aim to facilitate positive change and lasting transformation.
I am passionate about helping individuals live to their utmost potential. With an open-hearted, non-judgmental, and empathetic approach, I strive to create a safe space for exploration and growth. Drawing on a wealth of experience, I approach therapy with a holistic perspective, recognizing that each person's journey is unique. My goal is to help clients navigate challenges, develop self-awareness, and cultivate meaningful connections. Through collaborative and evidence-based, client-centered techniques, I aim to facilitate positive change and lasting transformation.
(323) 307-7433 View (323) 307-7433
Photo of Tyler Flynn, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Tyler Flynn
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Bell, CA 90201
My name is Tyler Flynn, I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker based in Los Angeles, California, and working with clients statewide via telehealth. I work with adults and specialize in anxiety, stress, and depression, using Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy to help my clients make progress and start feeling better. I value a person-centered approach when conducting therapy, focusing on an individual client’s aspirations and needs.
My name is Tyler Flynn, I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker based in Los Angeles, California, and working with clients statewide via telehealth. I work with adults and specialize in anxiety, stress, and depression, using Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy to help my clients make progress and start feeling better. I value a person-centered approach when conducting therapy, focusing on an individual client’s aspirations and needs.
(323) 676-7970 View (323) 676-7970
Photo of Lauren Burt, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Lauren Burt
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Bell, CA 90201
My goal throughout treatment is to work for and with you, to empower you, and to be an active listener when it feels like everything is against you. I have worked with teens in schools, treatment centers, and private practice to provide understanding support, and care during many individuals’ hardest, human experiences. Through the use of cognitive behavioral techniques, I have seen clients increase their self-esteem, increase functionality, and decrease their sadness and anxiety.
My goal throughout treatment is to work for and with you, to empower you, and to be an active listener when it feels like everything is against you. I have worked with teens in schools, treatment centers, and private practice to provide understanding support, and care during many individuals’ hardest, human experiences. Through the use of cognitive behavioral techniques, I have seen clients increase their self-esteem, increase functionality, and decrease their sadness and anxiety.
(323) 897-8662 View (323) 897-8662
Photo of Kathy Valencia, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Kathy Valencia
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Bell, CA 90201
Making the decision to come to therapy is the first step to beginning your personal journey. As your therapist, I am passionate about assisting you in addressing your needs and in overcoming the barriers you face. I love integrating different interventions to meet your needs best. I believe in tailoring each session to each person regardless if you are struggling through a new life transition, working through painful experiences, or attempting to regain your life back from symptoms of depression and anxiety. My hope is that our sessions together will bring insight, stability, and peace within your relationships and life.
Making the decision to come to therapy is the first step to beginning your personal journey. As your therapist, I am passionate about assisting you in addressing your needs and in overcoming the barriers you face. I love integrating different interventions to meet your needs best. I believe in tailoring each session to each person regardless if you are struggling through a new life transition, working through painful experiences, or attempting to regain your life back from symptoms of depression and anxiety. My hope is that our sessions together will bring insight, stability, and peace within your relationships and life.
(323) 521-5791 View (323) 521-5791
Photo of Amanda Coover, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Amanda Coover
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Bell, CA 90201
My therapy approach is to build a relationship with my clients. My clients can trust me to share difficult emotions, feel safe enough to talk about things they are struggling with and feel comfortable enough to know that I will not judge anything they do bring to therapy. While earning my education granted me the opportunity to become “book smart,” I have also found that my life experiences have played a significant role in why I enjoy my life and career to the extent to which I do. In addition to my current position at a local mental health facility, I have been in the social services/mental health field for quite some time.
My therapy approach is to build a relationship with my clients. My clients can trust me to share difficult emotions, feel safe enough to talk about things they are struggling with and feel comfortable enough to know that I will not judge anything they do bring to therapy. While earning my education granted me the opportunity to become “book smart,” I have also found that my life experiences have played a significant role in why I enjoy my life and career to the extent to which I do. In addition to my current position at a local mental health facility, I have been in the social services/mental health field for quite some time.
(323) 792-2391 View (323) 792-2391
Photo of Joan Cantor Backer, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Joan Cantor Backer
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Bell, CA 90201
Joan Cantor Backer, LMFT,I am committed to helping others gain an understanding and acceptance of temselves; realize their full potential, and achieve their goals. I specialize in treating individuals , couples, women, and parenting.
Joan Cantor Backer, LMFT,I am committed to helping others gain an understanding and acceptance of temselves; realize their full potential, and achieve their goals. I specialize in treating individuals , couples, women, and parenting.
(323) 897-1542 View (323) 897-1542
Photo of Carina deManigold, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Carina deManigold
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Bell, CA 90201
Hi, my name is Carina deManigold, I’m a bilingual Swedish speaking LCSW. I will meet you with a deep compassionate presence, provide a safe place to explore your inner landscape, assist you in identifying needs and what might trigger the difficult emotions. Unprocessed emotional often manifest in mental and physical suffering. I provide compassionate evidence-based psychotherapy to individuals and couples with mild to moderate symptoms resulting from anxiety, depression, grief, trauma, survivors of suicide loss, end of life, and challenging life transitions. Life consists of ongoing waves of transitions.
Hi, my name is Carina deManigold, I’m a bilingual Swedish speaking LCSW. I will meet you with a deep compassionate presence, provide a safe place to explore your inner landscape, assist you in identifying needs and what might trigger the difficult emotions. Unprocessed emotional often manifest in mental and physical suffering. I provide compassionate evidence-based psychotherapy to individuals and couples with mild to moderate symptoms resulting from anxiety, depression, grief, trauma, survivors of suicide loss, end of life, and challenging life transitions. Life consists of ongoing waves of transitions.
(323) 859-1245 View (323) 859-1245
Photo of Trisha Stewart, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Trisha Stewart
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Bell, CA 90201
Trisha Stewart, Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist, (LMFT), works with individuals, families, couples, young adults, and teens 16+ and adoption issues. She understands how debilitating anxiety and depression can be and collaborates with you to identify your needs and develop a plan for a return to health and well-being. Trisha has 30 years of experience working in community mental health and 12 years as a licensed professional. She works well with individuals experiencing, depression, anxiety, anger, grief and loss, parenting, and attachment.
Trisha Stewart, Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist, (LMFT), works with individuals, families, couples, young adults, and teens 16+ and adoption issues. She understands how debilitating anxiety and depression can be and collaborates with you to identify your needs and develop a plan for a return to health and well-being. Trisha has 30 years of experience working in community mental health and 12 years as a licensed professional. She works well with individuals experiencing, depression, anxiety, anger, grief and loss, parenting, and attachment.
(323) 403-0265 View (323) 403-0265
Photo of Meredith Devine, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Meredith Devine
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Online Only
Hello there! My name is Meredith Devine and I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist based in Sherman Oaks. I believe that therapy is a collaborative process where trust, understanding, and mutual respect are essential. Together, we will build a shared understanding of your experiences, identify the obstacles you’re facing, and create a path forward that aligns with your goals and values.
Hello there! My name is Meredith Devine and I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist based in Sherman Oaks. I believe that therapy is a collaborative process where trust, understanding, and mutual respect are essential. Together, we will build a shared understanding of your experiences, identify the obstacles you’re facing, and create a path forward that aligns with your goals and values.
(323) 347-3802 View (323) 347-3802
Photo of Elizabeth Arenas, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Elizabeth Arenas
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Bell, CA 90201
Hello and Bienvenidos! My name is Liz. I am a first-generation Latina who grew up in the greater Los Angeles area. As a child of immigrant parents, I experienced growing up in a bicultural environment. My experiences and observations inspired me to enter the field of social work. I have over 15 years of experience in social work and specialize in working with marginalized populations. As a bilingual Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW), I use Cognitive Behavioral Therapy to guide my practice and focus on anxiety, depression, and stress.
Hello and Bienvenidos! My name is Liz. I am a first-generation Latina who grew up in the greater Los Angeles area. As a child of immigrant parents, I experienced growing up in a bicultural environment. My experiences and observations inspired me to enter the field of social work. I have over 15 years of experience in social work and specialize in working with marginalized populations. As a bilingual Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW), I use Cognitive Behavioral Therapy to guide my practice and focus on anxiety, depression, and stress.
(760) 760-4075 View (760) 760-4075
Photo of Jillian Settle, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Jillian Settle
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Bell, CA 90201
hi there! I'm Jillian Settle, a licensed clinical social worker (LCSW) in California. My primary goal with new clients is to create a safe and supportive environment to process challenging feelings and thoughts and explore issues related to life transitions, anxiety, past trauma, relationship difficulties, and more. These are challenging times and many of us need support. I work from a person-centered lens, which means that I believe you have the capacity and self-knowledge for personal growth. I will start getting to know you using curiosity, empathy, and warmth to ensure you feel seen and heard. T
hi there! I'm Jillian Settle, a licensed clinical social worker (LCSW) in California. My primary goal with new clients is to create a safe and supportive environment to process challenging feelings and thoughts and explore issues related to life transitions, anxiety, past trauma, relationship difficulties, and more. These are challenging times and many of us need support. I work from a person-centered lens, which means that I believe you have the capacity and self-knowledge for personal growth. I will start getting to know you using curiosity, empathy, and warmth to ensure you feel seen and heard. T
(424) 372-1534 View (424) 372-1534
Photo of Frederick Wahlig, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Frederick Wahlig
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Bell, CA 90201
Hello, my name is Fred. I'm a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW). I earned my master's in social work at San Diego State University. My approach to therapy is to provide support to my clients who are experiencing challenges in their lives. I have an eclectic approach to working with my clients since there is not one therapeutic framework that meets the needs of all clients. I tailor my therapeutic modality to the needs of the client. I will meet you with empathy, openness, and unconditional positive regard.
Hello, my name is Fred. I'm a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW). I earned my master's in social work at San Diego State University. My approach to therapy is to provide support to my clients who are experiencing challenges in their lives. I have an eclectic approach to working with my clients since there is not one therapeutic framework that meets the needs of all clients. I tailor my therapeutic modality to the needs of the client. I will meet you with empathy, openness, and unconditional positive regard.
(626) 873-8265 View (626) 873-8265
Photo of Tommy Glen Milladge, PhD, Psychologist
Tommy Glen Milladge
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Bell, CA 90201
Ready to take the next step toward healing? I’m a licensed psychologist with a PhD in Social and Clinical Psychology, offering expert support with a culturally sensitive approach. With experience as a Marriage, Family, and Child Therapist, I help individuals and families navigate life’s challenges. Let’s work together to create lasting change—contact me today!
Ready to take the next step toward healing? I’m a licensed psychologist with a PhD in Social and Clinical Psychology, offering expert support with a culturally sensitive approach. With experience as a Marriage, Family, and Child Therapist, I help individuals and families navigate life’s challenges. Let’s work together to create lasting change—contact me today!
(909) 316-5887 View (909) 316-5887
Photo of Alexandra Isaacs, LMFT, LPCC
Alexandra Isaacs
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, LMFT, LPCC
Verified Verified
Online Only
Do you Over-Think things? Over-Experience your emotions? Do you struggle to focus or complete tasks? Difficulty sleeping? Putting off your mental health is no longer an option! With over 75 clinical experts, WellPsyche and MediPsych providers provide Empathetic Psychotherapy and Personalized Medication Management services for Children, Adolescents, and Adults. 100% of our visits are conducted via Zoom, and we are available mornings, afternoons, and evenings. Meet with your psychiatrist from the privacy and convenience of home or work. We are simplifying the mental health experience so you can become the best version of you!
Do you Over-Think things? Over-Experience your emotions? Do you struggle to focus or complete tasks? Difficulty sleeping? Putting off your mental health is no longer an option! With over 75 clinical experts, WellPsyche and MediPsych providers provide Empathetic Psychotherapy and Personalized Medication Management services for Children, Adolescents, and Adults. 100% of our visits are conducted via Zoom, and we are available mornings, afternoons, and evenings. Meet with your psychiatrist from the privacy and convenience of home or work. We are simplifying the mental health experience so you can become the best version of you!
(925) 690-2624 View (925) 690-2624
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See more therapy options for Bell

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Bell, CA

30+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Bell, CA who prioritize treating:

97% Anxiety
90% Depression
74% Coping Skills
72% Stress
69% Self Esteem
64% Grief
59% Relationship Issues

Average years in practice

7 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

97% Aetna
95% Cigna and Evernorth
92% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Bell, CA see their clients

83% In Person and Online
17% Online Only

Gender breakdown

80% Female
15% Male
5% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Bell?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.