Therapists in Erie, PA

Photo of Stephanie Baumgratz, Marriage & Family Therapist in Erie, PA
Stephanie Baumgratz
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, LMFT
Verified Verified
Erie, PA 16505
I am a Doctorate level therapist that graduated from Drexel University. My specialities include working with clients that have experienced trauma, issues with sexual identity, sexual disfunction and custody conciliation. I work mainly with adolescent, but also with adults and children. I specialize in cognitive behavioral therapy and systemic work that incorporates the entire family. It is my belief that every client is an individual, and I attempt to focus on the best treatment to meet the client’s needs. Most importantly, therapy is always a judgement free environment, where any concerns are met with understanding and respect.
I am a Doctorate level therapist that graduated from Drexel University. My specialities include working with clients that have experienced trauma, issues with sexual identity, sexual disfunction and custody conciliation. I work mainly with adolescent, but also with adults and children. I specialize in cognitive behavioral therapy and systemic work that incorporates the entire family. It is my belief that every client is an individual, and I attempt to focus on the best treatment to meet the client’s needs. Most importantly, therapy is always a judgement free environment, where any concerns are met with understanding and respect.
(814) 318-8093 View (814) 318-8093
Photo of Kristen Huber, Licensed Professional Counselor in Erie, PA
Kristen Huber
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, FT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Erie, PA 16505
Not accepting new clients
Are you struggling with feelings such as shock, guilt, regret, or anger? Stuck in emotional pain and it is affecting what you do or can't do? Loss and grief is such a personal, unique experience. Working with me, a highly experienced bereavement therapist, can give you the confidence in making the pathway to healing smoother. I use a person-centered approach that focuses on the individual's capabilities in order to reach his or her goals and find balance. I provide a safe, non-judgmental, and confidential counseling environment, based on empathy and respect. My approach is challenging and direct, yet compassionate and caring.
Are you struggling with feelings such as shock, guilt, regret, or anger? Stuck in emotional pain and it is affecting what you do or can't do? Loss and grief is such a personal, unique experience. Working with me, a highly experienced bereavement therapist, can give you the confidence in making the pathway to healing smoother. I use a person-centered approach that focuses on the individual's capabilities in order to reach his or her goals and find balance. I provide a safe, non-judgmental, and confidential counseling environment, based on empathy and respect. My approach is challenging and direct, yet compassionate and caring.
(814) 251-9182 View (814) 251-9182
Photo of Daniel Braman, Psychologist in Erie, PA
Daniel Braman
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Erie, PA 16506  (Online Only)
Whether you struggle with the racing thoughts, and scary physical sensations of panic attacks and anxiety, or the sadness, emptiness and fatigue common with depression, you feel unable to live your life the way things are now. No longer able to 'push through' your feelings, you feel drained, and unsure what to do. Your family may not always understand therapy, but you recognize that you would be helped by talking with someone who gets it, who has the training, empathy, and insight to help you through this time in your life. You're not looking for a quick fix, but long-lasting change and insight. Accepting new clients (8/11/2021)
Whether you struggle with the racing thoughts, and scary physical sensations of panic attacks and anxiety, or the sadness, emptiness and fatigue common with depression, you feel unable to live your life the way things are now. No longer able to 'push through' your feelings, you feel drained, and unsure what to do. Your family may not always understand therapy, but you recognize that you would be helped by talking with someone who gets it, who has the training, empathy, and insight to help you through this time in your life. You're not looking for a quick fix, but long-lasting change and insight. Accepting new clients (8/11/2021)
(407) 410-3130 View (407) 410-3130
Photo of Cognitive Behavior Institute, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Erie, PA
Cognitive Behavior Institute
Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Verified Verified
Erie, PA 16509
Welcome to Cognitive Behavior Institute! We are committed to providing the best care possible through established treatment methods. These treatment methods are proven to be effective for a wide range of mental health diagnoses and psychological distresses. Cognitive Behavior Institute (CBI) is proud to employ adept licensed clinicians, board-certified psychiatrists, and compassionate administrative staff with diverse experience in their respective fields.
Welcome to Cognitive Behavior Institute! We are committed to providing the best care possible through established treatment methods. These treatment methods are proven to be effective for a wide range of mental health diagnoses and psychological distresses. Cognitive Behavior Institute (CBI) is proud to employ adept licensed clinicians, board-certified psychiatrists, and compassionate administrative staff with diverse experience in their respective fields.
(814) 666-2920 View (814) 666-2920
Photo of William J Koehler, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Erie, PA
William J Koehler
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PhD, LCSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Erie, PA 16505
Waitlist for new clients
At Journey to a Trauma Informed Life, we are committed to providing a welcoming environment for every client we work with. As a group, we specialize in working with LGBTQ+, HIV+, BIPOC, and those living with a disability. Whether you work with me directly or one of our member therapists, we are skilled in helping people resolve past traumatic events which are interfering with your ability to function from day to day. I am certified in Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing (EMDR) and trained in Trauma-Focused CBT. Head to our website (www.atraumainformedlife.com) to learn more
At Journey to a Trauma Informed Life, we are committed to providing a welcoming environment for every client we work with. As a group, we specialize in working with LGBTQ+, HIV+, BIPOC, and those living with a disability. Whether you work with me directly or one of our member therapists, we are skilled in helping people resolve past traumatic events which are interfering with your ability to function from day to day. I am certified in Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing (EMDR) and trained in Trauma-Focused CBT. Head to our website (www.atraumainformedlife.com) to learn more
(814) 261-0381 x1 View (814) 261-0381 x1
Photo of April Bush, Licensed Professional Counselor in Erie, PA
April Bush
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Erie, PA 16505  (Online Only)
Life can be hard at times and trying to figure out how to deal with difficult situations can become overwhelming. During difficult times I believe everyone can benefit from one-on-one support. You have already taken the first step in overcoming these difficult situations by looking for someone to talk to, so congratulations!
Life can be hard at times and trying to figure out how to deal with difficult situations can become overwhelming. During difficult times I believe everyone can benefit from one-on-one support. You have already taken the first step in overcoming these difficult situations by looking for someone to talk to, so congratulations!
(814) 831-6408 View (814) 831-6408
Photo of Erica Boncella, Licensed Professional Counselor in Erie, PA
Erica Boncella
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, CCTP
Verified Verified
Erie, PA 16505
Accepting New Clients! I have not only experience but passion for helping clients start their journey toward a more positive view of their internal selves. I work with domestic violence survivors not to "force or confront" the person to leave their relationship but to have a safe place to feel that they may begin to heal from current or past trauma.
Accepting New Clients! I have not only experience but passion for helping clients start their journey toward a more positive view of their internal selves. I work with domestic violence survivors not to "force or confront" the person to leave their relationship but to have a safe place to feel that they may begin to heal from current or past trauma.
(814) 667-8153 View (814) 667-8153
Photo of Sara E. French, Licensed Professional Counselor in Erie, PA
Sara E. French
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MA, BS
Verified Verified
Erie, PA 16507  (Online Only)
If your facing emotional wounds or life challenges therapy may be the next healing step for you. My name is Sara French, I am experienced in treating child and adolescent issues, college planning, self esteem, anxiety, depression and grief therapy for all ages. Other primary focuses include women's issues, parent education, stress and anger management.
If your facing emotional wounds or life challenges therapy may be the next healing step for you. My name is Sara French, I am experienced in treating child and adolescent issues, college planning, self esteem, anxiety, depression and grief therapy for all ages. Other primary focuses include women's issues, parent education, stress and anger management.
(814) 662-5269 View (814) 662-5269
Photo of Courtney Oblinski, Licensed Professional Counselor in Erie, PA
Courtney Oblinski
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, NCC, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Erie, PA 16501  (Online Only)
***Taking new clients daytime *** Your story, your pain, and your collection of struggles are unique to you. There is no one-size fits all approach to therapy. We'll spend time understanding exactly what you are experiencing - and why - so when you start making changes that improve your life, they will stick. My job is to give my clients the quickest relief possible which means I provide immediate feedback, tasks to focus on between sessions, and tools to learn coping skills.
***Taking new clients daytime *** Your story, your pain, and your collection of struggles are unique to you. There is no one-size fits all approach to therapy. We'll spend time understanding exactly what you are experiencing - and why - so when you start making changes that improve your life, they will stick. My job is to give my clients the quickest relief possible which means I provide immediate feedback, tasks to focus on between sessions, and tools to learn coping skills.
(814) 662-5015 View (814) 662-5015
Photo of Angela Tirpak, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Erie, PA
Angela Tirpak
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Erie, PA 16501  (Online Only)
Hello! I am Angela Tirpak a Licensed Clinical Social Worker. Does life feel overwhelming at times? You are not quite sure why you are feeling so many challenges and not sure how to deal with them. Life can do this to all of us. Together we can identify what the challenges are and get you to a more balanced life.
Hello! I am Angela Tirpak a Licensed Clinical Social Worker. Does life feel overwhelming at times? You are not quite sure why you are feeling so many challenges and not sure how to deal with them. Life can do this to all of us. Together we can identify what the challenges are and get you to a more balanced life.
(814) 257-5492 View (814) 257-5492
Photo of Christy Nyakana, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Erie, PA
Christy Nyakana
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Erie, PA 16509  (Online Only)
Hello! Over the years, I have been very fortunate to work with amazingly diverse and ever-resilient clients. I have provided therapy in psychiatric inpatient settings, schools, community mental health clinics, Dr.’s offices, private practice, and military bases. Currently, I provide teletherapy services for teens and adults. I specialize in adjustment issues, mood disorders, depression, anxiety, stress management, trauma, family-of-origin issues, co-dependency, disordered eating, pre/post-surgical bariatric counseling, and military life. I take diversity and racism seriously. I am a supporter of LGBTQ+, BLM, and Women's Rights.
Hello! Over the years, I have been very fortunate to work with amazingly diverse and ever-resilient clients. I have provided therapy in psychiatric inpatient settings, schools, community mental health clinics, Dr.’s offices, private practice, and military bases. Currently, I provide teletherapy services for teens and adults. I specialize in adjustment issues, mood disorders, depression, anxiety, stress management, trauma, family-of-origin issues, co-dependency, disordered eating, pre/post-surgical bariatric counseling, and military life. I take diversity and racism seriously. I am a supporter of LGBTQ+, BLM, and Women's Rights.
(814) 383-3037 View (814) 383-3037
Photo of Andrew K. Kohl, Licensed Professional Counselor in Erie, PA
Andrew K. Kohl
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, NCC, LPC
Verified Verified
Erie, PA 16506
I am a National Certified Counselor and State Licensed Professional Counselor in the state of Pennsylvania with over 5 years of professional counseling experience as well as 10+ years of extensive experience working with children & adolescents, having worked with a number of local agencies throughout my professional career. I specialize in working with teenagers, men, women & couples. If you're experiencing anxiety, depression, trauma, grief & loss, work-life balance, family/marital issues, or other life challenges, I am confident that together, we can work on shaping your successful future.
I am a National Certified Counselor and State Licensed Professional Counselor in the state of Pennsylvania with over 5 years of professional counseling experience as well as 10+ years of extensive experience working with children & adolescents, having worked with a number of local agencies throughout my professional career. I specialize in working with teenagers, men, women & couples. If you're experiencing anxiety, depression, trauma, grief & loss, work-life balance, family/marital issues, or other life challenges, I am confident that together, we can work on shaping your successful future.
(814) 801-3141 x16506 View (814) 801-3141 x16506
Photo of Penny Mechley-Porter, Licensed Professional Counselor in Erie, PA
Penny Mechley-Porter
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, NCC, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Erie, PA 16506
I am an individual therapist who treats adults and adolescents. I help clients to find an effective way to balance life's struggles with feelings of success and competence. My experience living and working overseas--in a number of other cultures--allows me to be very open to how each of us is shaped and influenced by our life experiences. I specialize in a variety of issues, including depression and anxiety, self esteem, relationship issues, parenting, family dynamics, adjustment issues, grief and loss, and trauma.
I am an individual therapist who treats adults and adolescents. I help clients to find an effective way to balance life's struggles with feelings of success and competence. My experience living and working overseas--in a number of other cultures--allows me to be very open to how each of us is shaped and influenced by our life experiences. I specialize in a variety of issues, including depression and anxiety, self esteem, relationship issues, parenting, family dynamics, adjustment issues, grief and loss, and trauma.
(814) 281-8812 View (814) 281-8812
Photo of Drew R. Himes, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Erie, PA
Drew R. Himes
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CAADC, MDiv
Verified Verified
Erie, PA 16505
Have you ever asked yourself, “Why am I like this?” or “Why do I feel like I’m stuck?” You may be shocked to find out but the answer to these questions already rests inside of you. My job is to walk alongside you in your process of discovery and to be an ally and advocate along the journey. I am ready to help you discover meaning and a deep sense of peace that you have been seeking for some period of time.
Have you ever asked yourself, “Why am I like this?” or “Why do I feel like I’m stuck?” You may be shocked to find out but the answer to these questions already rests inside of you. My job is to walk alongside you in your process of discovery and to be an ally and advocate along the journey. I am ready to help you discover meaning and a deep sense of peace that you have been seeking for some period of time.
(814) 485-9330 View (814) 485-9330
Photo of Deirdre Myers, Pre-Licensed Professional in Erie, PA
Deirdre Myers
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Erie, PA 16502  (Online Only)
Motivated by a commitment to enhancing the well-being of those grappling with mental health challenges, my foremost objective is to provide a safe and empathetic environment to encourage healing and personal growth. Adopting a person-centered therapeutic approach, I customize each session to suit the individual's unique needs, whether it involves trauma processing, coping skill acquisition, or providing nonjudgmental and empathetic listening. I possess a wealth of expertise in the therapeutic process.
Motivated by a commitment to enhancing the well-being of those grappling with mental health challenges, my foremost objective is to provide a safe and empathetic environment to encourage healing and personal growth. Adopting a person-centered therapeutic approach, I customize each session to suit the individual's unique needs, whether it involves trauma processing, coping skill acquisition, or providing nonjudgmental and empathetic listening. I possess a wealth of expertise in the therapeutic process.
(814) 482-3251 View (814) 482-3251
Photo of Christine Kalie, Licensed Professional Counselor in Erie, PA
Christine Kalie
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, NCP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Erie, PA 16506
Do you feel like your life is lacking joy; clouded by stress, anxiety and depression? Or do you find yourself constantly arguing with your partner? Do you yearn for peace in a chaotic home? Let me walk with you on your journey as you develop new insights and learn skills that will renew the peace and joy in your life. I can help you deepen your friendship with your partner, create increased intimacy and develop a shared meaning for the future through research proven methods. ***Former family therapy supervisor now offering supervision for LPC licensure.
Do you feel like your life is lacking joy; clouded by stress, anxiety and depression? Or do you find yourself constantly arguing with your partner? Do you yearn for peace in a chaotic home? Let me walk with you on your journey as you develop new insights and learn skills that will renew the peace and joy in your life. I can help you deepen your friendship with your partner, create increased intimacy and develop a shared meaning for the future through research proven methods. ***Former family therapy supervisor now offering supervision for LPC licensure.
(814) 240-0419 View (814) 240-0419
Photo of Doug Hunsberger, Licensed Professional Counselor in Erie, PA
Doug Hunsberger
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Erie, PA 16506
I focus on relationships and uncovering patterns of behavior, most importantly the relationship to self. I believe a core issue for many is a lack of genuine connection to others, which often leads to feelings of anxiety, loneliness, emptiness, and depression. Uncovering patterns of avoidance, poor communication, feelings of unworthiness, lack of trust, fear of vulnerability is the beginning of healing. Finding and challenging self-limiting beliefs and behaviors is key to making lasting change, engaging more fully in life, and creating healthy relationships.
I focus on relationships and uncovering patterns of behavior, most importantly the relationship to self. I believe a core issue for many is a lack of genuine connection to others, which often leads to feelings of anxiety, loneliness, emptiness, and depression. Uncovering patterns of avoidance, poor communication, feelings of unworthiness, lack of trust, fear of vulnerability is the beginning of healing. Finding and challenging self-limiting beliefs and behaviors is key to making lasting change, engaging more fully in life, and creating healthy relationships.
(814) 467-2643 View (814) 467-2643
Photo of Ashley Fedor, Licensed Professional Counselor in Erie, PA
Ashley Fedor
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, PMH-C, MA
Verified Verified
Erie, PA 16508  (Online Only)
I specialize in women’s mental health ! I am certified Perinatal mental health counselor. I have passion helping women along their journey of pregnancy, motherhood, life transitions, perimenopause or menopause ,relationship stressors, anxiety or depression and grief. I hope to help my clients find themselves again! I strive to meet my clients where they are and empower them to reach goals and see their own strengths . I want my clients to feel heard, safe and understood . I work with you to create a plan to meet your goals. I work from holistic framework. Would love to be apart of your support system !
I specialize in women’s mental health ! I am certified Perinatal mental health counselor. I have passion helping women along their journey of pregnancy, motherhood, life transitions, perimenopause or menopause ,relationship stressors, anxiety or depression and grief. I hope to help my clients find themselves again! I strive to meet my clients where they are and empower them to reach goals and see their own strengths . I want my clients to feel heard, safe and understood . I work with you to create a plan to meet your goals. I work from holistic framework. Would love to be apart of your support system !
(814) 261-0034 View (814) 261-0034
Photo of Tracy Cross, Licensed Professional Counselor in Erie, PA
Tracy Cross
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, NCC, LPC, BC-TMH
Verified Verified
Erie, PA 16506
Waitlist for new clients
Are you ready to make a change in your life? I practice from a holistic lens, focusing on overall health and wellness. You wouldn’t hesitate to go the doctor to treat your physical health, what’s holding you back from doing the same for your mental health? Therapy can not only support you in working through a current or past problem, it can also be a journey of self-exploration and personal growth.
Are you ready to make a change in your life? I practice from a holistic lens, focusing on overall health and wellness. You wouldn’t hesitate to go the doctor to treat your physical health, what’s holding you back from doing the same for your mental health? Therapy can not only support you in working through a current or past problem, it can also be a journey of self-exploration and personal growth.
(814) 527-3272 View (814) 527-3272
Photo of Mary Wilcox, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Erie, PA
Mary Wilcox
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Erie, PA 16506
Not accepting new clients
Your health has changed and it feels like everything has changed with it. When people ask you how you are feeling, you smile and tell them, “I’m alright,” so they stop asking, or “I’m just grateful to be OK,” because you want to sound strong. Behind the mask you maintain, you feel lonely, defeated, and maybe even a little afraid. You keep trying to do what you used to be able to do, or find yourself sitting on the sidelines. You don’t want to accept that your body has limits, that chronic pain or conditions aren’t going to go away, that a diagnosis might progress and get worse. You try. You fight. You smile through the unknown.
Your health has changed and it feels like everything has changed with it. When people ask you how you are feeling, you smile and tell them, “I’m alright,” so they stop asking, or “I’m just grateful to be OK,” because you want to sound strong. Behind the mask you maintain, you feel lonely, defeated, and maybe even a little afraid. You keep trying to do what you used to be able to do, or find yourself sitting on the sidelines. You don’t want to accept that your body has limits, that chronic pain or conditions aren’t going to go away, that a diagnosis might progress and get worse. You try. You fight. You smile through the unknown.
(814) 424-9192 View (814) 424-9192

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Erie, PA

200+

Average cost per session

$120

Therapists in Erie, PA who prioritize treating:

91% Anxiety
87% Depression
76% Self Esteem
71% Trauma and PTSD
71% Coping Skills
63% Relationship Issues
57% Grief

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

90% Optum
87% Highmark
82% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Erie, PA see their clients

55% In Person and Online
45% Online Only

Gender breakdown

74% Female
25% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Erie?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.