Photo of Benjamin List, APRN (C, Psychologist
Benjamin List
Psychologist, APRN (C
Verified Verified
Cincinnati, OH 45207
Benjamin List is a board-certified psychiatric nurse practitioner with 9 years of experience. He received his master's degree in Nursing from University of Cincinnati and his bachelor's degree in Nursing from Northern Kentucky University. He is also certified by the ANCC as an Adult Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practitioner. He has worked in both inpatient and outpatient settings with patients 18-64 years old.
Benjamin List is a board-certified psychiatric nurse practitioner with 9 years of experience. He received his master's degree in Nursing from University of Cincinnati and his bachelor's degree in Nursing from Northern Kentucky University. He is also certified by the ANCC as an Adult Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practitioner. He has worked in both inpatient and outpatient settings with patients 18-64 years old.
(513) 643-0871 View (513) 643-0871
Photo of Samantha Harris, LISW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Samantha Harris
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW
Verified Verified
Cincinnati, OH 45207
Samantha Harris received her master's degree in social work and bachelor's degree in psychology from the University of Cincinnati and has been providing therapy since 2015. Her experience and training in community mental health has helped her to understand the effects of trauma and systems that impact an individual's functioning. She provides individual, and family therapy for adolescents and adults ages 15 and older. Her knowledge and training help treat a wide range of topics including anxiety, adjustment issues, co-dependency, depression, self-esteem issues and interpersonal and occupational strain and conflicts.
Samantha Harris received her master's degree in social work and bachelor's degree in psychology from the University of Cincinnati and has been providing therapy since 2015. Her experience and training in community mental health has helped her to understand the effects of trauma and systems that impact an individual's functioning. She provides individual, and family therapy for adolescents and adults ages 15 and older. Her knowledge and training help treat a wide range of topics including anxiety, adjustment issues, co-dependency, depression, self-esteem issues and interpersonal and occupational strain and conflicts.
(513) 643-4976 View (513) 643-4976
Photo of Dr. Michelle Flaum, EdD, LPCC-S, DCMHS, Counselor
Dr. Michelle Flaum
Counselor, EdD, LPCC-S, DCMHS
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
Cincinnati, OH 45207  (Online Only)
I would characterize my approach to working with clients as both holistic and strength-based. I feel that achieving mental and emotional well-being and healthy relationships requires paying attention to all areas of self: the mind, body and spirit. In addition, I try to help my clients achieve mental, emotional and relational health by building on the strengths already present in their lives. I firmly believe that people have the ability to make positive changes in their lives, and I see it as my job to help clients identify and traverse the steps necessary to achieving these changes.
I would characterize my approach to working with clients as both holistic and strength-based. I feel that achieving mental and emotional well-being and healthy relationships requires paying attention to all areas of self: the mind, body and spirit. In addition, I try to help my clients achieve mental, emotional and relational health by building on the strengths already present in their lives. I firmly believe that people have the ability to make positive changes in their lives, and I see it as my job to help clients identify and traverse the steps necessary to achieving these changes.
(937) 540-2146 View (937) 540-2146
Photo of Hannah Wilson, PsyD, Psychologist
Hannah Wilson
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Cincinnati, OH 45207
Dr. Hannah Wilson is a Registered Mental Health Counselor Intern in Ohio who has been practicing since 2016. She has a Doctorate in Clinical Psychology. Dr. Wilson believes in a treatment philosophy that is Cognitive-Behavioral, person-centered, interpersonal, and solution-focused. In her free time, Dr. Wilson enjoys spending time with family/friends, cooking, traveling, and hiking.
Dr. Hannah Wilson is a Registered Mental Health Counselor Intern in Ohio who has been practicing since 2016. She has a Doctorate in Clinical Psychology. Dr. Wilson believes in a treatment philosophy that is Cognitive-Behavioral, person-centered, interpersonal, and solution-focused. In her free time, Dr. Wilson enjoys spending time with family/friends, cooking, traveling, and hiking.
(513) 845-3460 View (513) 845-3460
Photo of Paul Kovach, MA, LPCC-S
Paul Kovach
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, MA, LPCC-S
Verified Verified
Cincinnati, OH 45207
Paul Kovach is a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor in Ohio who has been practicing since 1992. He has a BA in History from Pontifical College Josephinum, a Master Of Arts in Pastoral Counseling from Athenaeum Of Ohio, and a Post Master's Endorsement Program in Clinical Counseling from Xavier University. We all have a story to tell. Paul listens to stories and helps clients understand how their past affects their present and how to make changes for their future.
Paul Kovach is a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor in Ohio who has been practicing since 1992. He has a BA in History from Pontifical College Josephinum, a Master Of Arts in Pastoral Counseling from Athenaeum Of Ohio, and a Post Master's Endorsement Program in Clinical Counseling from Xavier University. We all have a story to tell. Paul listens to stories and helps clients understand how their past affects their present and how to make changes for their future.
(513) 270-8041 View (513) 270-8041
Photo of Heather Marie Curtis, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Heather Marie Curtis
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Cincinnati, OH 45207
Heather Curtis is a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist in California who has been practicing since 2012. She attended University of California- Santa Cruz where she completed her B.A. in History of Art and Visual Culture. She then moved on to Notre Dame De Namur University in Belmont, CA for Marriage and Family Therapy and Art Therapy. Heather’s work is centered around utilizing art and creative expression to enhance the therapeutic relationship and exploration of mental health symptoms to help the client meet their goals.
Heather Curtis is a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist in California who has been practicing since 2012. She attended University of California- Santa Cruz where she completed her B.A. in History of Art and Visual Culture. She then moved on to Notre Dame De Namur University in Belmont, CA for Marriage and Family Therapy and Art Therapy. Heather’s work is centered around utilizing art and creative expression to enhance the therapeutic relationship and exploration of mental health symptoms to help the client meet their goals.
(513) 647-4529 View (513) 647-4529
Photo of Maneesha Verma, LISW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Maneesha Verma
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW
Verified Verified
Cincinnati, OH 45207
Maneesha Verma, LISW Maneesha Verma is a Licensed Independent Social Worker in Ohio who has been practicing since 2018. She has a Master of Social Work. Maneesha believes in having respect for the dignity, rights and worth of individuals as they realize their potential to become fulfilled, contributing members of the community. In her spare time, Maneesha enjoys traveling, taking care of her plants and animals, spending time in nature, hiking, and spending time with family and friends.
Maneesha Verma, LISW Maneesha Verma is a Licensed Independent Social Worker in Ohio who has been practicing since 2018. She has a Master of Social Work. Maneesha believes in having respect for the dignity, rights and worth of individuals as they realize their potential to become fulfilled, contributing members of the community. In her spare time, Maneesha enjoys traveling, taking care of her plants and animals, spending time in nature, hiking, and spending time with family and friends.
(513) 805-0675 View (513) 805-0675
Photo of Ellen Gormley, LPCC, Counselor
Ellen Gormley
Counselor, LPCC
Verified Verified
Cincinnati, OH 45207
Ellen Gormley, LPCC Ellen Gormley is a clinical counselor with over 10 years of experience. She earned her master's degree in community counseling from the University of Cincinnati and her bachelor's degree in socio-psychology from the University of Mount St. Joseph. She has experience working in outpatient, partial-hospitalization, mediation, crisis management, and community mental health settings. She works with individuals ages 15 and older. She is trained in goal setting and mental health treatment to help individuals and couples improve their lives.
Ellen Gormley, LPCC Ellen Gormley is a clinical counselor with over 10 years of experience. She earned her master's degree in community counseling from the University of Cincinnati and her bachelor's degree in socio-psychology from the University of Mount St. Joseph. She has experience working in outpatient, partial-hospitalization, mediation, crisis management, and community mental health settings. She works with individuals ages 15 and older. She is trained in goal setting and mental health treatment to help individuals and couples improve their lives.
(513) 506-0150 View (513) 506-0150
Photo of Haley Dobrzynski, CSW, Pre-Licensed Professional
Haley Dobrzynski
Pre-Licensed Professional, CSW
Verified Verified
Cincinnati, OH 45207
Haley is currently a graduate student at University of The Cumberlands completing her Master's degree in Clinical Mental Health Counseling. She is completing her supervised clinical hours in our Norwood office, working with a variety of clients in the Cincinnati area. Outside of Lifestance, Haley has extensive experience working with acute crisis patients ensuring safety and connecting to care. She enjoys working with clients on areas including depression, anxiety, grief, and LGBTQ+ issues.
Haley is currently a graduate student at University of The Cumberlands completing her Master's degree in Clinical Mental Health Counseling. She is completing her supervised clinical hours in our Norwood office, working with a variety of clients in the Cincinnati area. Outside of Lifestance, Haley has extensive experience working with acute crisis patients ensuring safety and connecting to care. She enjoys working with clients on areas including depression, anxiety, grief, and LGBTQ+ issues.
(513) 647-6524 View (513) 647-6524
Photo of Dr. Kyle R Stephenson, PhD, Psychologist
Dr. Kyle R Stephenson
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Cincinnati, OH 45207
I specialize in couples counseling, sex therapy, and the treatment of anxiety (including PTSD, social anxiety, panic attacks, and phobias), but also have experience with depression and other common difficulties. I am very friendly and transparent in my approach, working alongside you to help you meet your goals and thrive. I use scientifically-supported treatments that have been shown to be effective at improving people's lives. These include Cognitive-Behavioral and Meditation-Based therapies.
I specialize in couples counseling, sex therapy, and the treatment of anxiety (including PTSD, social anxiety, panic attacks, and phobias), but also have experience with depression and other common difficulties. I am very friendly and transparent in my approach, working alongside you to help you meet your goals and thrive. I use scientifically-supported treatments that have been shown to be effective at improving people's lives. These include Cognitive-Behavioral and Meditation-Based therapies.
(513) 640-9808 View (513) 640-9808
Photo of Ann Stromberg, LISW-S, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Ann Stromberg
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW-S
Verified Verified
Cincinnati, OH 45207
Ann Stromberg, LICSW Ann Stromberg is a Licensed Independent Clinical Social Worker in Ohio who has been practicing since 2007. She has a Master of Social Work. Ann believes in a treatment philosophy that includes solution focused, holistic, and CBT methodology. In her spare time, Ann enjoys fitness, wellness, yoga and exercise, cooking, reading, and spending time with family and friends.
Ann Stromberg, LICSW Ann Stromberg is a Licensed Independent Clinical Social Worker in Ohio who has been practicing since 2007. She has a Master of Social Work. Ann believes in a treatment philosophy that includes solution focused, holistic, and CBT methodology. In her spare time, Ann enjoys fitness, wellness, yoga and exercise, cooking, reading, and spending time with family and friends.
(513) 663-5266 View (513) 663-5266
Photo of Eva Sandmann, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Eva Sandmann
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Cincinnati, OH 45207
Eva Sandmann is a Licensed Professional Counselor in Ohio who has been practicing since 2018. She has a Master's of Science is in Mental Health Counseling from the University of Indianapolis. Eva offers counseling services for children, adolescents, young adults, and adults. She uses an eclectic approach to therapy. Eva utilizes theories based in cognitive behavioral theory, dialectical, behavioral therapy, play therapy, centra therapy, mindfulness, therapy, family systems therapy, and person-centered therapy.
Eva Sandmann is a Licensed Professional Counselor in Ohio who has been practicing since 2018. She has a Master's of Science is in Mental Health Counseling from the University of Indianapolis. Eva offers counseling services for children, adolescents, young adults, and adults. She uses an eclectic approach to therapy. Eva utilizes theories based in cognitive behavioral theory, dialectical, behavioral therapy, play therapy, centra therapy, mindfulness, therapy, family systems therapy, and person-centered therapy.
(513) 951-3603 View (513) 951-3603
Photo of Aarin Cox, LISW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Aarin Cox
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW
Verified Verified
Cincinnati, OH 45207
I believe therapy should be tailored as a unique experience to fit the client, just as each client is unique. I see the process of therapy as holding a safe and sacred space, where a therapeutic alliance is built between client and therapist, enabling clients to express themselves authentically, share their struggles, create goals, and overcome obstacles; leading each person to be the best version of themselves. As a therapist, I strive to be there each step of the way providing competence, support, and encouragement, to not only overcome obstacles, but to also help you find meaning in the journey.
I believe therapy should be tailored as a unique experience to fit the client, just as each client is unique. I see the process of therapy as holding a safe and sacred space, where a therapeutic alliance is built between client and therapist, enabling clients to express themselves authentically, share their struggles, create goals, and overcome obstacles; leading each person to be the best version of themselves. As a therapist, I strive to be there each step of the way providing competence, support, and encouragement, to not only overcome obstacles, but to also help you find meaning in the journey.
(513) 848-4593 View (513) 848-4593
Photo of Kristin R. Emerling, LISW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Kristin R. Emerling
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW
Verified Verified
Cincinnati, OH 45207
Kristin Emerling is a Licensed Independent Social Worker in the state of Ohio. She also has her LCSW in Indiana. Kristin graduated from the University of Kentucky in 2011 with her MSW. She has completed trainings in both Trauma Focused CBT (TF-CBT) and Trauma Informed Care. Kristin has clinical experience in community mental health, hospice, nursing and assisted living facilities, as well as working in medical social work. Kristin draws on skills from CBT, Insight therapy, Mindfulness and Strengths-based treatment.
Kristin Emerling is a Licensed Independent Social Worker in the state of Ohio. She also has her LCSW in Indiana. Kristin graduated from the University of Kentucky in 2011 with her MSW. She has completed trainings in both Trauma Focused CBT (TF-CBT) and Trauma Informed Care. Kristin has clinical experience in community mental health, hospice, nursing and assisted living facilities, as well as working in medical social work. Kristin draws on skills from CBT, Insight therapy, Mindfulness and Strengths-based treatment.
(513) 434-6980 View (513) 434-6980
Photo of Karen Byerly-Lamm, PsyD, Psychologist
Karen Byerly-Lamm
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Cincinnati, OH 45207
Dr. Byerly-Lamm is a licensed psychologist who received her Doctorate and Master of Clinical Psychology from Union Institute & University. She also holds a Master of Community Counseling and a Bachelor of Science in psychology from Xavier University. Additionally, she holds a license as a licensed professional clinical counselor with supervision designation (LPCC-S). Dr. Byerly-Lamm completed part of her doctoral internship training at Lindner Center of Hope, training in Marsha Linehan's Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT).
Dr. Byerly-Lamm is a licensed psychologist who received her Doctorate and Master of Clinical Psychology from Union Institute & University. She also holds a Master of Community Counseling and a Bachelor of Science in psychology from Xavier University. Additionally, she holds a license as a licensed professional clinical counselor with supervision designation (LPCC-S). Dr. Byerly-Lamm completed part of her doctoral internship training at Lindner Center of Hope, training in Marsha Linehan's Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT).
(513) 613-4318 View (513) 613-4318
Photo of Clinton Symons, LPCC, Counselor
Clinton Symons
Counselor, LPCC
Verified Verified
Cincinnati, OH 45207
Clinton B. Symons, LPCC-S Clinton B. Symons is a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor-Supervisor in Ohio who has been practicing since 2009. He has an MA in Counseling. Clinton believes in a holistic approach to treatment. In his free time, Clinton enjoys snow skiing, hiking and travel.
Clinton B. Symons, LPCC-S Clinton B. Symons is a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor-Supervisor in Ohio who has been practicing since 2009. He has an MA in Counseling. Clinton believes in a holistic approach to treatment. In his free time, Clinton enjoys snow skiing, hiking and travel.
(513) 540-2103 View (513) 540-2103
Photo of Maleshia Neugebauer, MBA, LISW-S, CCM, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Maleshia Neugebauer
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MBA, LISW-S, CCM
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Cincinnati, OH 45207  (Online Only)
Are you looking for a culturally-competent therapist or a therapist who just gets you? My name is Maleshia. I'm a knowledgeable therapist, who is authentic, empathic, and a passionate community leader with over 20 years of experience. Many of us struggle navigating today's world with labels or being "different". Are you ready to be seen & heard? Throughout the years, I've learned that everyone has a story. What's your story? I'm here to listen and guide you through life's challenges. Let's connect!
Are you looking for a culturally-competent therapist or a therapist who just gets you? My name is Maleshia. I'm a knowledgeable therapist, who is authentic, empathic, and a passionate community leader with over 20 years of experience. Many of us struggle navigating today's world with labels or being "different". Are you ready to be seen & heard? Throughout the years, I've learned that everyone has a story. What's your story? I'm here to listen and guide you through life's challenges. Let's connect!
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Photo of Mary Lynn Barber, LPCC-S
Mary Lynn Barber
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, LPCC-S
Verified Verified
Cincinnati, OH 45207
Mary Lynn Barber is a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor and a Licensed Alcohol and Drug Counselor who has been practicing since 1980. She graduated with a master's degree in Rehabilitation Counseling with a focus on Mental health Treatment as well as Substance Abuse issues. She furthered her education with two post master's programs, one two-year program in Family Therapy and a two-year program at the Cincinnati Psychoanalytic Institute for advanced therapy.
Mary Lynn Barber is a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor and a Licensed Alcohol and Drug Counselor who has been practicing since 1980. She graduated with a master's degree in Rehabilitation Counseling with a focus on Mental health Treatment as well as Substance Abuse issues. She furthered her education with two post master's programs, one two-year program in Family Therapy and a two-year program at the Cincinnati Psychoanalytic Institute for advanced therapy.
(513) 966-4333 View (513) 966-4333
Photo of Emma Schmidt, MA, LPCC-S, CST, CCSAS, Counselor
Emma Schmidt
Counselor, MA, LPCC-S, CST, CCSAS
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Cincinnati, OH 45207
Emma Schmidt & Associates, Sex + Relationship Therapy restores relationships for individuals and couples who are facing a big challenge-maybe they're even at the end of their rope, struggling with their sex life. We understand that sex and relationship issues can be embarrassing and awkward, but we remove the shame and stigma from the situation and create an environment of openness and positivity. Our clients are seeking a stronger bond with their partners; we invite them to share their struggles and worries-and to come as they are.
Emma Schmidt & Associates, Sex + Relationship Therapy restores relationships for individuals and couples who are facing a big challenge-maybe they're even at the end of their rope, struggling with their sex life. We understand that sex and relationship issues can be embarrassing and awkward, but we remove the shame and stigma from the situation and create an environment of openness and positivity. Our clients are seeking a stronger bond with their partners; we invite them to share their struggles and worries-and to come as they are.
(513) 718-4441 View (513) 718-4441
Photo of James P Braga, MSW, LISW-S, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
James P Braga
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LISW-S
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Cincinnati, OH 45207  (Online Only)
I believe a fine tuned awareness of oneself and a well regulated body are essential to overall well-being. I support you in understanding your problems in new ways and clarifying novel, practical options you can take to increase satisfaction and reduce distress. I work to assist you in clarifying your personal needs, mapping repetitive patterns and noticing what interferes with feeling fulfilled or settled. Action toward change is complicated and usually feels risky. I am here to help you understand yourself better and work through patterns that keep you stuck. Usually these patterns feel “second nature” and difficult to change.
I believe a fine tuned awareness of oneself and a well regulated body are essential to overall well-being. I support you in understanding your problems in new ways and clarifying novel, practical options you can take to increase satisfaction and reduce distress. I work to assist you in clarifying your personal needs, mapping repetitive patterns and noticing what interferes with feeling fulfilled or settled. Action toward change is complicated and usually feels risky. I am here to help you understand yourself better and work through patterns that keep you stuck. Usually these patterns feel “second nature” and difficult to change.
(380) 207-9446 View (380) 207-9446
1

See more therapy options for 45207

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in 45207

30+

Average cost per session

$140

Therapists in 45207 who prioritize treating:

88% Depression
84% Anxiety
81% Trauma and PTSD
59% Life Transitions
56% Grief
53% Bipolar Disorder
44% Women's Issues

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

91% Aetna
91% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
91% Anthem | Elevance

How Therapists in 45207 see their clients

88% In Person and Online
12% Online Only

Gender breakdown

78% Female
22% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in 45207?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.